Aerobic Biotransformation of Fluorotelomer Thioether Amido Sulfonate (Lodyne) in AFFF-Amended Microcosms
Open accessAbstract
The aerobic biotransformation pathways of 4:2, 6:2, and 8:2 fluorotelomer thioether amido sulfonate (FtTAoS) were characterized by determining the fate of the compounds in soil and medium microcosms amended with an aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) solution. The biotransformation of FtTAoS occurred in live microcosms over approximately 40 days and produced 4:2, 6:2, and 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (FtS), 6:2 fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylic acid (FtUCA), 5:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (FtCA), and C4 to C8 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs). Two biotransformation products corresponding to singly and doubly oxygenated forms of 6:2 FtTAoS were also identified through high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) analysis and liquid chromatography tandem-MS. An oxidative assay was used to indirectly quantify the total concentration of polyfluorinated compounds and check the mass balance. The assay produced near complete mass recovery of FtTAoS after biotransformation, with 10% (mol/mol) of the amended FtTAoS accounted for in FtS, FtCA, and PFCA products. The transformation rates of identified products appear to be slow relative to FtTAoS, indicating that some intermediates may persist in the environment. This study confirms some of the sources of FtS and PFCAs in groundwater and soil at AFFF-impacted sites and suggests that fluorinated intermediates that are not routinely measured during the biotransformation of PFASs may accumulate.
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6:2 FTAB and 6:2 FTSA can be further transformed into PFHpA and other short-chain PFCAs in the environment.
“There are few assessments of human and ecological risks associated with 6:2 FTAB and 6:2 FTSA, but these compounds can be further transformed into PFHpA and other short-chain PFCAs in the environment (Harding-Marjanovic et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2011).”
From Biotransformation of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors from various environmental systems: advances and perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as Harding-Marjanovic et al., 2015
The FtTAoS Biotransformation Pathways section reports that 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (FtS) can produce shorter-chain PFCAs, including PFHxA and PFPeA. It instead identifies PFHpA as a likely product of 8:2 FtS biotransformation. The paper studies FtTAoS, not 6:2 FTAB, so it does not establish the claimed transformation for FTAB. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSome fluorotelomers transform without forming intermediate FTOHs.
“Although some fluorotelomers evidently transform without forming intermediate FTOHs (9, 22, 49, 59)”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment (2022) · cites this paper as [49]
FtTAoS, a component of AFF foams, was biodegraded into 6:2 FTSA, saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids (6:2 PFUCA and 5:3 PFCA) and terminal C4-C8 PFCAs such as PFBA, PFHxA and PFPeA in an aerobic system with AFFF-contaminated soil microcosm.
“Fluorotelomer thioether amido sulfonate (FtTAoS), a component of AFF foams, was biodegraded into 6:2 FTSA, satu- rated and unsaturated carboxylic acids (6:2 PFUCA and 5:3 PFCA) and ter- minal C4 - C8 PFCAs such as PFBA, PFHxA and PFPeA in an aerobic system with AFFF-contaminated soil microcosm (Table 3 and Fig. 4) (Harding-Marjanovic et al., 2015).”
From A review of microbial degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Biotransformation routes and enzymes (2023) · cites this paper as Harding-Marjanovic et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Harding-Marjanovic, K. C., Houtz, E. F., Yi, S., Field, J. A., Sedlak, D. L., & Alvarez-Cohen, L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Oregon State University (US)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2015-06-23
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 7666-7674
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W1422819559
- Semantic Scholar
- 644a4fa358813df99b70f7e4ef3c5a9f520a8e42
- Cited by
- 295
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 11.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.osti.gov
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense (ER-2128)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- Keywords
- aqueous film-forming foam, aerobic biotransformation, fluorotelomer sulfonates, fluorotelomer carboxylic acids, perfluorinated carboxylic acids, biotransformation products, soil microcosms, groundwater contamination
- MeSH terms
- Aerobiosis, Bacteria, Biotransformation, Carbon, Carboxylic Acids, Chromatography, Liquid, Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated, Organic Chemicals, Oxidation-Reduction, Water, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Halogenation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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