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Worry and Rumination: Repetitive Thought as a Concomitant and Predictor of Negative Mood
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“In addition, worry during a stressful period predicted higher anxiety and depression after the stress had ended (Segerstrom, Tsao, Alden, & Craske, 2000).”
From A novel theory of experiential avoidance in generalized anxiety disorder: A review and synthesis of research supporting a contrast avoidance model of worry (2011) · cites this paper as Segerstrom et al., 2000
In the citing paper
“This seems very important, as such thoughts predict the maintenance of anxious symptoms [53].”
From At the Peak of the Second Wave of COVID-19, Did Millennials Show Different Emotional Responses from Older Adults? (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“This relationship between mood and negative repetitive thoughts is usual and is highly supported by the scientific literature, outside of any pandemic [53].”
From At the Peak of the Second Wave of COVID-19, Did Millennials Show Different Emotional Responses from Older Adults? (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“State rumination and state worrying are examples of maladaptive cognitive processes that are associated with negative affect (Mennin & Fresco, 2013; Segerstrom, Tsao, Alden, & Craske, 2000).”
From Toward a Cognitive-Behavioral Classification System for Mental Disorders (2014) · cites this paper as Segerstrom, Tsao, Alden, & Craske, 2000
In the citing paper
“Rumination has been defined as a perserverative focus on one’s symptoms of distress (Nolen-Hoeksema 1991) and has consistently been associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms (Michl et al. 2013; Nolan et al. 1998; Segerstrom et al. 2000).”
From Executive Function Deficits in Daily Life Prospectively Predict Increases in Depressive Symptoms (2014) · cites this paper as Segerstrom et al. 2000
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004 · Cited by 6,686
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x · Cited by 5,172
“Both are repetitive, perseverative forms of thought that are self-focused (Barlow, 2002; Borkovec, Alcaine, & Behar, 2004; Segerstrom et al., 2000).”
BackgroundInfluentialRumination reconsidered: a psychometric analysis.
Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1023910315561 · Cited by 3,808
“Next, we removed 12 items from the RRS that we deemed similar to BDI items (see Table I), leaving 10 candidate rumination items (Items 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20, and 21; see Segerstrom et al., 2000, for a nearly identical removal of RRS items similar to BDI items).”
MethodResultInfluentialConstructive and unconstructive repetitive thought
Watkins, E. R. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.163 · Cited by 2,421
“…(2000) Recovery after anger recall; 30 general population Thoughts related to anger recall, BP Slower BP recovery after anger recall in women only Segerstrom et al. (2000) Study 1: 110 u/g’s; 40 CBT outpatients Measure of RT, RSQ, PSWQ, BDI, BAI Study 1: RT correlated RSQ, PSWQ; anxiety &…”
BackgroundInfluentialOchsner, K. N., Ray, R. D., Cooper, J. C., Robertson, E. R., Chopra, S., Gabrieli, J. D. E., & Gross, J. J. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.06.030 · Cited by 2,113
“And in still others it may be maladaptive, as our worry mushrooms into anxiety and depression (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Segerstrom et al., 2000).”
BackgroundCognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders
Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143916 · Cited by 2,100
Brosschot, J. F., Gerin, W., & Thayer, J. F. (2006) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.06.074 · Cited by 1,643
“A common feature in these processes, and others, such as obsessions and (appetitive) craving, has been described as brepetitive thought Q, emphasizing the recurring nature of these processes [8].”
BackgroundJain, S., Shapiro, S. L., Swanick, S., Roesch, S. C., Mills, P. J., Bell, I., & Schwartz, G. E. R. (2007) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm3301_2 · Cited by 1,300
“Current research also suggests that rumination relates to anxiety as well as other forms of negative affect ( 21 ).”
BackgroundEmotion Regulation and Psychopathology: The Role of Gender
Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (2012) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143109 · Cited by 1,413
“Rumination has also been shown to predict symptoms of anxiety (Clohessy & Ehlers 1999, Fresco et al. 2002, Harrington & Blankenship 2002, Mayou et al. 2002, Nolen-Hoeksema 2000, Nolen- Hoeksema & Morrow 1991, Schwartz & Koenig 1996, Segerstrom et al. 2000).”
BackgroundRepetitive Negative Thinking as a Transdiagnostic Process
Ehring, T., & Watkins, E. R. (2008) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2008.1.3.192 · Cited by 1,172
Ehring, T., Zetsche, U., Weidacker, K., Wahl, K., Schönfeld, S., & Ehlers, A. (2011) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.12.003 · Cited by 888
Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Berzonsky, M. D., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Smits, I., & Goossens, L. (2008) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.04.004 · Cited by 901
The Nature, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neuroticism: Back to the Future
Barlow, D. H., Sauer-Zavala, S., Carl, J. R., Bullis, J. R., & Ellard, K. K. (2014) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702613505532 · Cited by 850
The Functional Theory of Counterfactual Thinking
Epstude, K., & Roese, N. J. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868308316091 · Cited by 905
“…survey of adult Americans (Roese et al., 2008), we measured both regret and rumination, defining the latter as mere repetitive thought, irrespective of thought content (which may be either positive or negative in valence; Segerstrom et al., 2000; Segerstrom, Stanton, Alden, & Shortridge, 2003).”
BackgroundRumination as a transdiagnostic factor in depression and anxiety
McLaughlin, K. A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.12.006 · Cited by 842
Smith, J. M., & Alloy, L. B. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.10.003 · Cited by 908
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A Network Approach to Psychopathology: New Insights into Clinical Longitudinal Data
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“This result is in line with studies suggesting that worry is an important manifestation of neuroticism [77], and with the idea that worry is a cognitive concomitant of neuroticism [75].”
ResultDepressive rumination : nature, theory and treatment
Papageorgiou, C., & Adrian Wells, A. (2004) · Wiley eBooks · Cited by 610
Newman, M. G., & Llera, S. J. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.01.008 · Cited by 598
Rumination as a common mechanism relating depressive risk factors to depression.
Spasojevic, J., & Alloy, L. B. (2001) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.1.1.25 · Cited by 599
Forgivingness, Vengeful Rumination, and Affective Traits
Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L., O'Connor, L. E., Parrott, L., & Wade, N. G. (2005) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00308.x · Cited by 594
The structure of common emotion regulation strategies: A meta-analytic examination
Naragon-Gainey, K., McMahon, T. P., & Chacko, T. P. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000093 · Cited by 588
Ramel1, W., Goldin, P. R., Carmona, P. E., & McQuaid, J. R. (2004) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/b:cotr.0000045557.15923.96 · Cited by 580
“Segerstrom and colleagues demonstrated that the shared variance between worry and rumination can be explained by a single latent variable, repetitive thought, which is related to both anxiety and depression ( Segerstrom, Tsao, Alden, & Craske, 2000 ).”
BackgroundResponses to Positive Affect: A Self-Report Measure of Rumination and Dampening
Feldman, G. C., Joormann, J., & Johnson, S. L. (2007) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9083-0 · Cited by 549
“A number of factor analytic studies have presented evidence of multidimensionality in the rumination subscale of the RSQ (Fresco, Frankel, Mennin, Turk, & Heimberg, 2002; Roberts, Gilboa, & Gotlib, 1998; Segerstrom, Tsao, Alden, & Craske, 2000; Segerstrom et al., 2003; Treynor, Gonzalez, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2003).”
BackgroundNeural correlates of rumination in depression
Cooney, R. E., Joormann, J., Eugène, F., Dennis, E. L., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.10.4.470 · Cited by 493
McEvoy, P. M., Watson, H., Watkins, E. R., & Nathan, P. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.014 · Cited by 492
Burwell, R. A., & Shirk, S. R. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410709336568 · Cited by 494
“Previous research among adults has similarly found that reflection and brooding are related (Segerstrom et al., 2000; Trapnell & Campbell, 1999; Treynor et al., 2003), an overlap that may be due to both common method variance and to a general tendency toward self-focus.”
BackgroundThe effects of worry and rumination on affect states and cognitive activity.
McLaughlin, K. A., Borkovec, T. D., & Sibrava, N. J. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.03.003 · Cited by 480
“…prior findings in studies conducted separately on worry and rumination indicating that negative thinking of any type generates negative affectivity (Segerstrom et al., 2000), that worry occurs in depression (Chelminski & Zimmerman, 2003), and that rumination predicts the onset of anxiety…”
ResultPhysiological concomitants of perseverative cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ottaviani, C., Thayer, J. F., Verkuil, B., Lonigro, A., Medea, B., Couyoumdjian, A., & Brosschot, J. F. (2016) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000036 · Cited by 476
“This is further corroborated by previous studies showing different content but no differences between these two processes on appraisals and strategies (e.g., Watkins et al., 2005; Segerstrom et al., 2000).”
Fresco, D. M., Frankel, A. N., Mennin, D. S., Turk, C. L., & Heimberg, R. G. (2002) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1014517718949 · Cited by 456
“However, given the lack of empirical specificity of worry to anxiety and rumination to depression and the relatively high correlation between them (Segerstrom et al., 2000) and among their components (this study), new conceptualizations are called for.”
BackgroundWatkins, E. R., & Moulds, M. L. (2005) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.5.3.319 · Cited by 487
Mediating effects of rumination and worry on the links between neuroticism, anxiety and depression
Muris, P., Roelofs, J., Rassin, E., Franken, I., & Mayer, B. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.04.005 · Cited by 443
“…have even reached the conclusion that worry and rumination are both manifestations of the dispositional vulnerability factor of neuroticism, which is believed to reflect the general predisposition to develop psychopathological symptoms such as anxiety and depression (e.g., Segerstrom et al., 2000).”
BackgroundRumination in posttraumatic stress disorder
Michael, T., Halligan, S. L., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2007) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20228 · Cited by 434
“common elements of the two constructs has found no specificity of worry and rumination to symptoms and thought content associated with anxiety and depression [Segerstrom et al., 2000].”
BackgroundThe association between rumination and negative affect: A review
Kirkegaard Thomsen, D. (2006) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930500473533 · Cited by 416
“Three studies report positive results on anxiety (Garnefski et al., 2001; Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Silk et al., 2003) and two studies report mixed positive and null or trend results on anxiety (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991; Segerstrom et al., 2000).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialA Multidimensional Structure for Repetitive Thought: What's on Your Mind, and How, and How Much?
Segerstrom, S. C., Stanton, A. L., Alden, L. E., & Shortridge, B. E. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.909 · Cited by 452
Self-citationExploring the nature and function of anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorders.
Wood, J. J., & Gadow, K. D. (2010) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2010.01220.x · Cited by 407
A cognitive model of pathological worry
Hirsch, C. R., & Mathews, A. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.06.007 · Cited by 400
Desrosiers, A., Vine, V., Klemanski, D. H., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22124 · Cited by 392
“Worry and rumination share considerable conceptual overlap and are significantly correlated with each other;[60] both constructs can be considered forms of repetitive thinking involving overengagement with cognitions, but worry involves repetitive thinking and apprehensiveness about future negative outcomes, whereas r…”
BackgroundSpecificity of rumination in anxiety and depression: A multimodal meta‐analysis.
Olatunji, B. O., Naragon-Gainey, K., & Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B. (2013) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1037/h0101719 · Cited by 380
Zimmerman, M., & Mattia, J. I. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.8.787 · Cited by 375
Comparisons between rumination and worry in a non-clinical population
Watkins, E. R., Moulds, M. L., & Mackintosh, B. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.11.008 · Cited by 367
Are worry, rumination, and post-event processing one and the same?
McEvoy, P. M., Mahoney, A. E. J., & Moulds, M. L. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.03.008 · Cited by 360
Rood, L., Roelofs, J., Bögels, S. M., Nolen–Hoeksema, S., & Schouten, E. G. W. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.07.001 · Cited by 404
Hong, R. Y. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.03.006 · Cited by 357
“Using structural equation modeling, Segerstrom et al. (2000) demonstrated that repetitive thought, the common characteristic between worry and rumination, predicted anxiety and depression in student and clinical samples.”
BackgroundResultAll in the mind's eye? Anger rumination and reappraisal
Ray, R. D., Wilhelm, F. H., & Gross, J. J. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.1.133 · Cited by 335
Rumination—relationship with negative mood and sleep quality
Thomsen, D. K., Yung Mehlsen, M., Christensen, S., & Zachariae, R. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00120-4 · Cited by 326
Yook, K., Kim, K.-H., Suh, S. Y., & Lee, K. S. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.04.003 · Cited by 321
The relationship between rumination, avoidance and depression in a non-clinical sample.
Moulds, M. L., Kandris, E., Starr, S., & Wong, A. C. M. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.03.003 · Cited by 289
McEvoy, P. M., Hyett, M. P., Shihata, S., Price, J. E., & Strachan, L. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101778 · Cited by 271
The displaced aggression questionnaire.
Denson, T. F., Pedersen, W. C., & Miller, N. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.6.1032 · Cited by 303
“A total of 521 (71% female and 29% male) University of Southern California (USC) and California State University, Long Beach (CSULB) undergraduates enrolled in psychology courses completed the materials in exchange for extra course credit.”
BackgroundPositive Outcomes Following Bereavement: Paths to Posttraumatic Growth
Calhoun, L. G., Tedeschi, R. G., Cann, A., & Hanks, E. A. (2010) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb-50-1-2-125 · Cited by 296
Cognitive approaches to insomnia
Harvey, A. G., Tang, N. K. Y., & Browning, L. (2005) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.04.005 · Cited by 254
Assessing treatments used to reduce rumination and/or worry: A systematic review
Querstret, D., & Cropley, M. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.08.004 · Cited by 253
Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (2003) · doi:10.1002/9780470713853.ch6 · Cited by 251
Roelofs, J., Huibers, M. J. H., Peeters, F. P. M. L., Arntz, A. R., & van Os, J. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.10.002 · Cited by 244
“Several other researchers have failed to find as much difference between rumination and worry (e.g., Segerstrom et al., 2000; Watkins, Moulds, & Mackintosh, 2005), where the only difference found was temporal orientation, with rumination focused on the past and worry focused on the future.”
InfluentialIndividual differences in trait rumination and the neural systems supporting cognitive reappraisal
RAY, R. D., OCHSNER, K. N., COOPER, J. C., ROBERTSON, E. R., GABRIELI, J. D. E., & GROSS, J. J. (2005) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.5.2.156 · Cited by 316
“Individual-difference studies have demonstrated a strong relationship between rumination on negative thoughts and feelings about one’s self and increased negative mood ( Segerstrom, Tsao, Alden, & Craske, 2000; Ward, Lyubomirsky, Sousa, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2003), higher levels of depression and longer lasting depressive…”
BackgroundThe Consequences of Dysphoric Rumination
Lyubomirsky, S., & Tkach, C. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470713853.ch2 · Cited by 235
“for other negative moods, such as anxiety (Fritz, 1999; Schwartz & Koenig, 1996; Segerstrom et al., 2000) and anger (Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998, Studies 1 and 3).”
Ehring, T., Frank, S., & Ehlers, A. (2008) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9089-7 · Cited by 230
“Worry and rumination have so far mainly been distinguished on the basis of their content, in that rumination is typically associated with thinking about the past, whereas worry represents anxious thoughts about future events (Fresco, Frankel, Mennin, Turk, & Heimberg, 2002; Segerstrom, Tsao, Alden, & Craske, 2000 ).”
BackgroundRumination, experiential avoidance, and dysfunctional thinking in eating disorders.
Rawal, A., Park, R. J., & Williams, J. M. G. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.05.009 · Cited by 223
The impact of rumination on sleep quality following a stressful life event
Guastella, A. J., & Moulds, M. L. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.04.028 · Cited by 228
An exploration of shame, social rank and rumination in relation to depression
Cheung, M., Gilbert, P., & Irons, C. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(03)00206-x · Cited by 228
Cognitive emotion regulation strategies: Gender differences and associations to worry
Zlomke, K. R., & Hahn, K. S. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.11.007 · Cited by 225
Emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder
Mennin, D. S. (2004) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.389 · Cited by 221
Rumination and Worry in Nonclinical Adolescents
Muris, P., Roelofs, J., Meesters, C., & Boomsma, P. (2004) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/b:cotr.0000045563.66060.3e · Cited by 230
“In spite of these limitations, the current findings are in agreement with those obtained in adult studies by Segerstrom et al. (2000) and Fresco et al. (2002) and demonstrate that rumination and worry in adolescents are closely allied constructs.”
InfluentialDistinguishing rumination from worry in clinical insomnia
Carney, C. E., Harris, A. L., Moss, T. G., & Edinger, J. D. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.03.004 · Cited by 215
“It has been suggested that even though both rumination and worry may involve a repetitive thought process (Segerstrom et al., 2000; Watkins & Teasdale, 2004), the cognitive content of rumination is onmaking attributions for disturbedmood and symptoms such as fatigue or concentration difficulties…”
BackgroundDispositional mindfulness: A critical review of construct validation research
Rau, H. K., & Williams, P. G. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.035 · Cited by 215
Rumination and Experiential Avoidance in Depression
Cribb, G., Moulds, M. L., & Carter, S. (2006) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1375/bech.23.3.165 · Cited by 204
To text or not to text? The importance of text messaging among college-aged youth
Skierkowski, D., & Wood, R. M. (2011) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.023 · Cited by 204
Repetitive negative thinking as a predictor of depression and anxiety: A longitudinal cohort study
Spinhoven, P., van Hemert, A. M., & Penninx, B. W. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.037 · Cited by 205
“In these studies the unique variance in rumination or brooding proved to be related with depression (McEvoy and Brans, 2012; Segerstrom et al., 2000; Spinhoven et al., 2015) and the unique variance in worry with anxiety outcomes (Hur et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSonnentag, S., & Grant, A. M. (2012) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2012.01251.x · Cited by 212
Paulesu, E., Sambugaro, E., Torti, T., Danelli, L., Ferri, F., Scialfa, G., Sberna, M., Ruggiero, G. M., Bottini, G., & Sassaroli, S. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709005649 · Cited by 204
“Worry is also frequently associated with depressive rumination (Borkovec, 1994 ; Segerstrom et al. 2000 ; Fresco et al. 2002, 2003 ; Watkins et al. 2005), which is characterized by the predominance of chronic, excessive and uncontrollable negative thoughts (Borkovec, 1994).”
BackgroundStein, A., Craske, M. G., Lehtonen, A., Harvey, A., Savage-McGlynn, E., Davies, B., Goodwin, J., Murray, L., Cortina-Borja, M., & Counsell, N. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026847 · Cited by 240
Self-citationSpinhoven, P., Klein, N., Kennis, M., Cramer, A. O. J., Siegle, G., Cuijpers, P., Ormel, J., Hollon, S. D., & Bockting, C. L. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.04.002 · Cited by 185
Depressive Rumination and Co-Morbidity: Evidence for Brooding as a Transdiagnostic Process
Watkins, E. R. (2009) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-009-0098-9 · Cited by 182
Processes of Personal Identity Formation and Evaluation
Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Goossens, L., Beyers, W., & Missotten, L. C. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_4 · Cited by 202
Rumination, Worry, Cognitive Avoidance, and Behavioral Avoidance: Examination of Temporal Effects
Dickson, K. S., Ciesla, J. A., & Reilly, L. C. (2012) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.11.002 · Cited by 173
Rector, N. A., Szacun-Shimizu, K., & Leybman, M. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.09.017 · Cited by 166
Appraisals and strategies associated with rumination and worry
Watkins, E. R. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2003.10.002 · Cited by 166
Worry and the anxiety disorders: A meta-analytic synthesis of specificity to GAD
Olatunji, B., Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Sawchuk, C. N., & Ciesielski, B. G. (2010) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appsy.2011.03.001 · Cited by 155
Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2013) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12038 · Cited by 149
Miranda, R., Fontes, M., & Marroquín, B. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.05.009 · Cited by 152
“also been suggested that worry and rumination, which characterize GAD and depression, respectively, are similar in process – i.e., they are both a form of repetitive thinking ( Segerstrom, Tsao, Alden, & Craske, 2000 ).”
BackgroundA cognitive neuroscience hypothesis of mood and depression.
Bar, M. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.08.009 · Cited by 152
“Inducing rumination even in healthy individuals results in a negative mood [20].”
Siegle, G. J., Moore, P. M., & Thase, M. E. (2004) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/b:cotr.0000045570.62733.9f · Cited by 147
“Additionally, similar studies have often been conducted in fairly homogeneous undergraduate or clinical samples with the exception of Segerstrom et al. (2000) who employed multiple populations.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialWhen thinking hurts: Attachment, rumination, and postrelationship adjustment
Saffrey, C., & Ehrenberg, M. F. (2007) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00160.x · Cited by 158
Worrying and rumination are both associated with reduced cognitive control
Beckwé, M., Deroost, N., Koster, E. H. W., Lissnyder, E. D., & Raedt, R. D. (2013) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-013-0517-5 · Cited by 155
Pe, M. L., Raes, F., & Kuppens, P. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069071 · Cited by 165
“This suggests that when ruminating, people continuously dwell on (negative) information that is already present in WM [13], resulting in a heightened experience of negative affect [14–15].”
BackgroundBomyea, J., Ramsawh, H., Ball, T. M., Taylor, C. T., Paulus, M. P., Lang, A. J., & Stein, M. B. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.05.004 · Cited by 143
Calmes, C. A., & Roberts, J. E. (2007) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9026-9 · Cited by 162
Weinberg, A., Kotov, R., & Proudfit, G. H. (2014) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000019 · Cited by 156
The role of emotion regulation in auditory hallucinations
Badcock, J. C., Paulik, G., & Maybery, M. T. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.011 · Cited by 141
“Both involve selffocused, repetitive and perseverative negative thinking that predicts negative mood (Segerstrom et al., 2000).”
BackgroundOttaviani, C., Shahabi, L., Tarvainen, M., Cook, I., Abrams, M., & Shapiro, D. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00433 · Cited by 140
“…and more severe depression, delayed recovery from depression, increases in suicidal ideation (e.g., Eshun, 2000; Lyubomirsky and Tkach, 2004; Smith et al., 2006), and has also prospectively predicted major depression over a 2.5-year follow up (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Spasojevic and Alloy, 2001).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEffects of neuroticism on depression and anxiety: Rumination as a possible mediator
Roelofs, J., Huibers, M. J. H., Peeters, F. P. M. L., & Arntz, A. R. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.09.019 · Cited by 151
“Interestingly, recent research has shown that a ruminative response style might not only be characteristic for depression but is also related to anxiety (e.g., Fresco, Frankel, Mennin, Turk, & Heimberg, 2002; Muris, Roelofs, Meesters, & Boomsma, 2004; Segerstrom et al., 2000).”
BackgroundRelationships between rumination, worry, intolerance of uncertainty and metacognitive beliefs
de Jong-Meyer, R., Beck, B., & Riede, K. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.12.010 · Cited by 134
“Considering only studies which had assessed all four variables, only Segerstrom et al. (2000) had included a clinical sample.”
BackgroundDoes daily proactivity affect well‐being? The moderating role of punitive supervision
Cangiano, F., Parker, S. K., & Yeo, G. (2018) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2321 · Cited by 145
Relationships between depressive rumination, anger rumination, and borderline personality features.
Baer, R. A., & Sauer-Zavala, S. E. (2010) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/a0019478 · Cited by 143
“Several authors (Treynor et al., 2000; Segerstrom et al., 2000) have addressed this problem by deleting items that include content related to specific depressive symptoms (poor concentration, feeling 144 BAER AND SAUER”
BackgroundSpinhoven, P., Drost, J., van Hemert, B., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.05.001 · Cited by 141
Emotions in Depression: What Do We Really Know?
Rottenberg, J. A. (2017) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045252 · Cited by 132
Cognitive specificity of anxiety disorders: a review of selected key constructs
Starcevic, V., & Berle, D. (2006) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20145 · Cited by 121
“…worry often encompasses a greater variety and number of themes [Craske et al., 1989], and tends to pertain to threatening events in the future [Segerstrom et al., 2000; Watkins et al., 2005], sometimes a very remote future [Dugas et al., 1998a], depressive ruminations are more likely to be…”
BackgroundInfluentialRumination and Worry in Daily Life
Kircanski, K., Thompson, R. J., Sorenson, J. E., Sherdell, L., & Gotlib, I. H. (2015) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702614566603 · Cited by 142
Metadata
- Authors
- Segerstrom, S. C., Tsao, J. C. I., Alden, L. E., & Craske, M. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Segerstrom, Suzanne C.
- Venue
- Cognitive Therapy and Research
- Published
- 2000-12
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 671-688
- ISSN
- 0147-5916 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2819
- OpenAlex
- W2128460805
- Cited by
- 599
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 10.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Cognitive Therapy and Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- worry, rumination, repetitive thinking, negative mood, anxiety, depression, students, patients, emotional processing
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