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Cited by 1,177Motivation and Self-Concept in SportsPsychological Testing and AssessmentEducation, Achievement, and Giftedness

Relation of reward contingency and interpersonal context to intrinsic motivation: A review and test using cognitive evaluation theory.

Ryan, Richard M., Mims, Valerie, Koestner, Richard·1983·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.45.4.736
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Crossref · 10.1037/0022-3514.45.4.736

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  • The controlling administration of performance-contingent rewards led to undermining of intrinsic motivation relative to noncontrolling administration.

    “As predicted, the controlling administration led to undermining of intrinsic motivation relative to the noncontrolling administration.”

    From A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. (1999) · cites this paper as Ryan et al. (1983)

  • In Ryan et al. (1983), informational tangible rewards versus no rewards yielded d = 0.44 (CI -0.26, 1.14), suggesting enhancement by informational rewards.

    “The effect size comparing infor- mationally administered tangible rewards with no rewards yielded a d - 0.44 (CI = —0.26, 1.14), suggesting enhancement by informational rewards”

    From A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. (1999) · cites this paper as Ryan et al., 1983

  • In Ryan et al. (1983), controlling tangible rewards versus no rewards yielded d = -0.29 (CI -0.98, 0.41), suggesting undermining by controlling rewards.

    “whereas the effect size comparing control- lingly administered tangible rewards with no rewards yielded a d = -0.29 (CI = -0.98, 0.41), suggesting undermining by controlling rewards.”

    From A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. (1999) · cites this paper as Ryan et al., 1983

  • In Ryan et al. (1983), the informational versus controlling tangible rewards comparison effect size was d = -0.70 (CI -1.42, 0.01), suggesting controllingly administered tangible rewards undermined intrinsic motivation relative to informationally administered tangible rewards.

    “With cell sizes of 16, the effect size for the informational versus controlling comparison was d = —0.70 (CI = -1.42, 0.01), suggesting that, as with verbal rewards, controllingly administered tangible re- wards undermined intrinsic motivation relative to informationally administered tangible rewards.”

    From A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. (1999) · cites this paper as Ryan et al., 1983

  • In these studies, positive feedback was made controlling by saying someone had done very well, 'just as you should'; the should statement is what made the feedback controlling and thus undermining of intrinsic motivation.

    “In these studies, the positive feedback was made controlling by saying, for example, that someone had done very well, “just as you should” (Ryan et al., 1983, p. 745, italics added). The should statement is what made the feedback controlling and thus under- mining of intrinsic motivation.”

    From A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. (1999) · cites this paper as Ryan et al., 1983

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Authors
Ryan, R. M., Mims, V., & Koestner, R.
Affiliations
University of Rochester (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1983-10
Volume
45
Issue
4
Pages
736-750
ISSN
  • 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1315
DOI
10.1037/0022-3514.45.4.736
OpenAlex
W1996750234
Cited by
1,177
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 63 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 41
FWCI
17.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Keywords
reward contingency, interpersonal context, intrinsic motivation, cognitive evaluation theory

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