The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The validity of the PANAS has been well-documented (Watson, 2000; Watson et al., 1988).”
From An examination of mindfulness skills in terms of affect tolerance among individuals with elevated levels of health anxiety. (2018) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“The PANAS consists of two subscales measuring positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) and is a widely used instrument with good reliability and validity (Mackinnon et al., 1999; Watson et al., 1988).”
From How to handle anxiety: The effects of reappraisal, acceptance, and suppression strategies on anxious arousal (2009) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“In the validation sample, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were high (α = .90; r = .71).”
From The role of negative affectivity and negative reactivity to emotions in predicting outcomes in the unified protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders (2012) · cites this paper as Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988
In the citing paper
“This measure has demonstrated good internal consistency for both the positive affect (α = .89) and negative affect (α = .85) scales and has demonstrated validity (Watson et al., 1988).”
From Difficulties in emotion regulation in treatment-seeking alcoholics with and without co-occurring mood and anxiety disorders. (2018) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“The short form of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS; Thompson, 2007; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) is a 10-item measure of positive (e.g., “Inspired”) and negative (e.g., “Upset”) affectivity. The PANAS is scored on a 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = Never to 5 = Always) and has demonstrated good internal reliability (α=.74–82; Thompson, 2007).”
From The metacognitive processes of decentering scale: Development and initial validation of trait and state versions (2020) · cites this paper as Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988
In the citing paper
“In the validation sample, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were high (α = .90; r = .71).”
From Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Common Factor in the Treatment of Emotional Disorders (2013) · cites this paper as Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988
In the citing paper
“Cronbach’s alphas in our study at baseline and 3-month follow-up, respectively, were 0.90 and 0.91 for PANAS-P and 0.88 and 0.85 for PANAS-N.”
From Prospective examination of the therapeutic role of psychological flexibility and cognitive reappraisal in the ceremonial use of ayahuasca (2022) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“Additionally, average values for the psychological and cognitive measures at intake were comparable to those observed in previously published studies of similarly aged subjects and were balanced across Sequence (Table 2) [61,62,63,64,65,67,69].”
From Walking Green: Developing an Evidence Base for Nature Prescriptions (2019) · cites this paper as [62]
In the citing paper
“The final score is derived from the sum of 10 items for each of the positive and negative describing mood, stress, and spirituality, and they may reflect to some extent changes in the subject’s mood (48).”
From The health perception of urban green spaces and its emotional impact on young adults: an empirical study from three cities in China (2023) · cites this paper as [48]
In the citing paper
“The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) is a simple and easy-to-administer version of the most widely and commonly used scale for assessing positive and negative affect, originally developed and designed in North America by Watson et al. in 1988, and has since been validated in many cities and shown excellent psychometric properties in several studies (48)”
From The health perception of urban green spaces and its emotional impact on young adults: an empirical study from three cities in China (2023) · cites this paper as [48]
In the citing paper
“The scale is designed to measure positive and negative emotions in a person’s current state.”
From The health perception of urban green spaces and its emotional impact on young adults: an empirical study from three cities in China (2023) · cites this paper as [48]
In the citing paper
“Higher values of the items indicate a higher level of emotion in the subject; for example, a higher positive emotion score indicates a higher level of positive emotion in youths, while a higher negative emotion score also reflects a high level of negative emotion in youths (48).”
From The health perception of urban green spaces and its emotional impact on young adults: an empirical study from three cities in China (2023) · cites this paper as [48]
In the citing paper
“Trait positive affect can be measured using the Positive Affect Scale of the Positive and Negative Affective Schedule (PANAS) 222 , a widely used 20-item tool.”
From The clinical characterization of the adult patient with an anxiety or related disorder aimed at personalization of management (2021) · cites this paper as [222]
In the citing paper
“The other wellbeing measures used scales which were context free, for example Watson et al.'s (1988) positive and negative affect scale”
From What do we know about interventions to improve educator wellbeing? A systematic literature review (2024) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“However, a sizeable body of evidence suggests that PA and NA are indeed independent dimensions with distinct underlying neurological and psychological constructs, and an individual can concurrently experience, for example, heightened PA and NA (Cacioppo, Gardner, & Berntson, 1999; Cook et al., 2004; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988; Watson & Tellegen, 1985).”
From Modeling naturalistic craving, withdrawal, and affect during early nicotine abstinence: A pilot ecological momentary assessment study. (2015) · cites this paper as Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, there appears to be similar conceptual overlap between vitality and some of the other high arousal positive emotions included in measures such as the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (e.g., excited, enthusiastic, alert, attentive, and active; Watson et al., 1988).”
From The relationship between nature connectedness and happiness: a meta-analysis (2014) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“Positive and negative affective states were measured using the PANAS88.”
From Physiological and Behavioral Synchrony Predict Group Cohesion and Performance (2020) · cites this paper as [88]
In the citing paper
“Several standardization strategies were used and reported earlier including monitoring word counts generated by the interviewer vs. participant, and periodic assessments of changes in negative and positive effects of participants using the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (PANAS) (Crawford & Henry, 2004; Watson et al., 1988), immediately before and after the 30-minute”
From Internet-Based Conversational Engagement Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (I-CONECT) Among Socially Isolated Adults 75+ Years Old With Normal Cognition or Mild Cognitive Impairment: Topline Results (2024) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“Although widely-used indicators of positive and negative affect were employed50,59, corroborating measures of emotion were not available from the parent study, and findings may differ for clinical indicators of mood, particularly depression, which shows a sex difference and link to hormonal contraceptive use60,61.”
From Little evidence for sex or ovarian hormone influences on affective variability (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
In the citing paper
“participants completed the reliable and externally valid Positive and Negative Affect Schedule PANAS50”
From Little evidence for sex or ovarian hormone influences on affective variability (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
In the citing paper
“Psychoeducation programmes and cognitive–behavioural therapy have shown very limited effects in the treatment of personality disorders.2,3”
From Recovery-focused self-help intervention using vodcasts for patients with personality disorder: Feasibility randomised controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“PANAS has good reliability and validity in its versions in English (Watson et al., 1988), Spanish (Ortuño-Sierra et al., 2015), Brazilian Portuguese (De Carvalho et al., 2013), and Dutch (De Engelen et al., 2006).”
From Internet-based self-administered intervention to reduce anxiety and depression symptomatology and improve well-being in 7 countries: protocol of a randomized control trial (2024) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“The alpha internal consistency reliability indices were shown to be acceptably high, ranging from 0.86 to 0.90 for positive affect and from 0.84 to 0.87 for negative affect. Test–retest reliability showed no significant differences across an 8-week interval74.”
From Mindfulness-based online intervention increases well-being and decreases stress after Covid-19 lockdown (2022) · cites this paper as [74]
In the citing paper
“Both affect subscales showed adequate internal consistency: PANAS-P (α =0.89) and PANAS-N (α =0.91).”
From Spanish Adaptation of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Participants With Cancer: Study Protocol of a Randomized Control Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“The scale has adequate convergent and discriminant validity, good internal consistency, and sensitivity to change. Cronbach's alpha is 0.91 for the PANAS-PA and 0.87 for the PANAS-NA.”
From Efficacy of an internet-based psychological intervention for problem gambling and gambling disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“The limited amount of pressure/stress experienced in a Positive Climate might result in improved affect (Watson et al., 1988).”
From A dancer's well-being: The influence of the social psychological climate during adolescence (2014) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“our measure of stress was a simple 10-point Likert scale rather than a multi-item validated questionnaire (e.g., PSS, PANAS, SSSQ)36–38.”
From Effects of app delivered self hypnosis on stress management (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“The PANAS is a 20-item mood adjective checklist designed to measure the Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) factors and has shown satisfactory psychometric properties in previous research (Watson et al., 1988).”
From What Does the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) Really Measure? (2014) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“Simulated IPIP-NEO Extraversion scores for all but base PaLM models sufficiently correlated with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) scales40, supporting their criterion validity.”
From A psychometric framework for evaluating and shaping personality traits in large language models (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“These criterion measures were drawn from widely used instruments developed and psychometrically validated for human research, including PANAS scales40, Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ)43, Revised Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ-RR)44 and Short Scale of Creative Self (SSCS)47.”
From A psychometric framework for evaluating and shaping personality traits in large language models (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) [36] is a 20-item self-report measure of current positive and negative affect.”
From Using Psychological Artificial Intelligence (Tess) to Relieve Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint) (2018) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“The positive (α = .94) and negative affect subscales (α = .93) from the 20-item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) were used to assess the frequency of positive and negative affect “over the past week.””
From Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement versus CBT for co-occurring substance dependence, traumatic stress, and psychiatric disorders: Proximal outcomes from a pragmatic randomized trial (2016) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“participants were 52 (27 female) paid volunteers (mean age = 19.42 years, SD = 1.72) selected based on a range of levels of trait positive and negative affect using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson et al. 1988).”
From Executive Function Deficits in Daily Life Prospectively Predict Increases in Depressive Symptoms (2014) · cites this paper as Watson et al. 1988
In the citing paper
“father's affect was measured before and 40 minutes after administration and no differences were found in fathers' self-reported emotions in either session (42).”
From Oxytocin administration to parent enhances infant physiological and behavioral readiness for social engagement (2012) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Another popular approach is to place a particular emotion into a space having a limited set of dimensions [15], [16], [17]. These dimensions include valence (how pleasent or unpleasent a feeling is) activation2 (how likely is the person to take action under the emotional state) and control (the sense of control over the emotion).”
From Survey on RGB, 3D, Thermal, and Multimodal Approaches for Facial Expression Recognition: History, Trends, and Affect-Related Applications (2016) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“To control for potential confounding effects from personality traits or mood states, subjects completed Chinese versions of validated psychometric questionnaires before treatment, including the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson et al., 1988), Autism Spectrum Quotient (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001), Empathy Quotient (Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright, 2004), and NEO 5-factor inventory (Costa and”
From Oxytocin facilitates approach behavior to positive social stimuli via decreasing anterior insula activity (2018) · cites this paper as Watson et al., 1988
In the citing paper
“Internal consistency of the negative affect subscale is adequate, with a Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.80 to 0.84.”
From Exposure to a Standardized Catastrophic Scenario in Virtual Reality or a Personalized Scenario in Imagination for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2019) · cites this paper as [39]
In the citing paper
“The positive and negative subscales are internally consistent (Cronbach’s alpha for negative affect = .084–0.87 and positive affect = .86–.90) with good test-retest reliability of r = .48 and .42 for positive and negative affect, respectively (Watson et al. 1988).”
From Dispositional Mindfulness and Psychological Health: a Systematic Review (2018) · cites this paper as Watson et al. 1988
In the citing paper
“The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) [21] is a 20-item self-report measure of current positive and negative affect.”
Citations
Cites
The publisher hasn’t deposited this paper’s reference list.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 2,645
Experimental analysis of a web-based training intervention to develop positive psychological capital
Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., & Patera, J. L. (2008) · Academy of Management Learning & Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2008.32712618 · Cited by 900
Self-report captures 27 distinct categories of emotion bridged by continuous gradients
Cowen, A. S., & Keltner, D. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1702247114 · Cited by 897
Sleep and emotions: a focus on insomnia
Baglioni, C., Spiegelhalder, K., Lombardo, C., & Riemann, D. (2010) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.007 · Cited by 873
Penney, L. M., & Spector, P. E. (2005) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.336 · Cited by 890
Schaefer, A., Nils, F., Sanchez, X., & Philippot, P. (2010) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930903274322 · Cited by 875
The Evolving Concept of Subjective Well-Being: The Multifaceted Nature of Happiness
Diener, E., Scollon, C. N., & Lucas, R. E. (2009) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_4 · Cited by 954
Weinstein, N., Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.008 · Cited by 874
The relationship between materialism and personal well-being: A meta-analysis
Dittmar, H., Bond, R., Hurst, M., & Kasser, T. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037409 · Cited by 890
Effects of Testosterone Treatment in Older Men
Snyder, P. J., Bhasin, S., Cunningham, G. R., Matsumoto, A. M., Stephens-Shields, A. J., Cauley, J. A., Gill, T. M., Barrett-Connor, E., Swerdloff, R. S., Wang, C., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1506119 · Cited by 890
Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2003) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(03)01006-2 · Cited by 956
A developmental-contextual model of couples coping with chronic illness across the adult life span.
Berg, C. A., & Upchurch, R. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.6.920 · Cited by 877
Decision making under stress: A selective review
Starcke, K., & Brand, M. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.003 · Cited by 997
Development and validation of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory
Pachana, N. A., Byrne, G. J., Siddle, H., Koloski, N., Harley, E., & Arnold, E. (2007) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610206003504 · Cited by 860
Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., Schimmack, U., & Helliwell, J. F. (2009) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195334074.001.0001 · Cited by 899
A little thanks goes a long way: explaining why gratitude expressions motivate prosocial behavior
Grant, A. M., & Gino, F. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017935 · Cited by 870
The influence of urban green environments on stress relief measures: A field experiment
Tyrväinen, L., Ojala, A., Korpela, K., Lanki, T., Tsunetsugu, Y., & Kagawa, T. (2014) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.12.005 · Cited by 994
Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.4.642 · Cited by 933
Positive affect and the experience of meaning in life.
King, L. A., Hicks, J. A., Krull, J. L., & Del Gaiso, A. K. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.179 · Cited by 1,253
Mackinnon, A., Jorm, A. F., Christensen, H., Korten, A. E., Jacomb, P. A., & Rodgers, B. (1999) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00251-7 · Cited by 850
Vohs, K. D., Baumeister, R. F., & Ciarocco, N. J. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.632 · Cited by 859
Needs, affect, and interactive products – Facets of user experience
Hassenzahl, M., Diefenbach, S., & Göritz, A. (2010) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/j.intcom.2010.04.002 · Cited by 867
Getting a cue: the need to belong and enhanced sensitivity to social cues
Pickett, C. L., Gardner, W. L., & Knowles, M. (2004) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167203262085 · Cited by 862
Widespread reward-system activation in obese women in response to pictures of high-calorie foods
Stoeckel, L. E., Weller, R. E., Cook, E. W., Twieg, D. B., Knowlton, R. C., & Cox, J. E. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.031 · Cited by 857
Construct validity of the need to belong scale: mapping the nomological network
Leary, M. R., Kelly, K. M., Cottrell, C. A., & Schreindorfer, L. S. (2013) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.819511 · Cited by 855
The educational benefits claimed for physical education and school sport: an academic review
Bailey, R., Armour, K., Kirk, D., Jess, M., Pickup, I., Sandford, R., & P, B. P. E. A. S. (2009) · Research Papers in Education · doi:10.1080/02671520701809817 · Cited by 869
Frenzel, A. C., Goetz, T., Lüdtke, O., Pekrun, R. H., & Sutton, R. E. (2009) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014695 · Cited by 991
Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.001 · Cited by 845
The impact of intensive mindfulness training on attentional control, cognitive style, and affect
Chambers, R., Lo, B. C. Y., & Allen, N. B. (2008) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9119-0 · Cited by 855
Predicting psychological and subjective well-being from personality: A meta-analysis
Anglim, J., Horwood, S., Smillie, L. D., Marrero, R. J., & Wood, J. K. (2020) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000226 · Cited by 855
Measuring entrepreneurial passion: Conceptual foundations and scale validation
Cardon, M. S., Grégoire, D. A., Stevens, C. E., & Patel, P. C. (2012) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.03.003 · Cited by 881
Bushman, B. J. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167202289002 · Cited by 886
The effect of contact with natural environments on positive and negative affect: A meta-analysis
McMahan, E. A., & Estes, D. (2015) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2014.994224 · Cited by 833
A social comparison theory meta-analysis 60+ years on.
Gerber, J. P., Wheeler, L., & Suls, J. (2018) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000127 · Cited by 808
Interacting with nature improves cognition and affect for individuals with depression
Berman, M. G., Kross, E., Krpan, K. M., Askren, M. K., Burson, A., Deldin, P. J., Kaplan, S., Sherdell, L., Gotlib, I. H., & Jonides, J. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.012 · Cited by 799
The benefits of nature experience: Improved affect and cognition
Bratman, G. N., Daily, G. C., Levy, B. J., & Gross, J. J. (2015) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.005 · Cited by 939
Unable to resist temptation: How self-control depletion promotes unethical behavior
Gino, F., Schweitzer, M. E., Mead, N. L., & Dan Ariely, C. (2011) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.03.001 · Cited by 845
Relationships between personality variables and burnout: A meta-analysis
Alarcon, G., Eschleman, K. J., & Bowling, N. A. (2009) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678370903282600 · Cited by 804
Sears, S. R., Stanton, A. L., & Danoff-Burg, S. (2003) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.22.5.487 · Cited by 803
Measurement of compulsive hoarding: saving inventory-revised
Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., & Grisham, J. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2003.07.006 · Cited by 803
Oxytocin increases gaze to the eye region of human faces
Guastella, A. J., Mitchell, P. B., & Dadds, M. R. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.06.026 · Cited by 798
Measuring emotional processes in animals: the utility of a cognitive approach
Paul, E. S., Harding, E. J., & Mendl, M. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.01.002 · Cited by 856
On the Dimensional and Hierarchical Structure of Affect
Tellegen, A., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1999) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00157 · Cited by 837
Self-citationHaedt-Matt, A. A., & Keel, P. K. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0023660 · Cited by 799
Optimism and Physical Health: A Meta-analytic Review
Rasmussen, H. N., Scheier, M. F., & Greenhouse, J. B. (2009) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9111-x · Cited by 854
Organisational, work group related and personal causes of mobbing/bullying at work.
Zapf, D. (1999) · International Journal of Manpower · doi:10.1108/01437729910268669 · Cited by 790
High impact running improves learning
Winter, B., Breitenstein, C., Mooren, F. C., Voelker, K., Fobker, M., Lechtermann, A., Krueger, K., Fromme, A., Korsukewitz, C., Flöel, A., et al. (2006) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2006.11.003 · Cited by 859
The development and evaluation of a survey to measure user engagement
O'Brien, H. L., & Toms, E. G. (2009) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.21229 · Cited by 854
Happiness is in our Nature: Exploring Nature Relatedness as a Contributor to Subjective Well-Being
Nisbet, E. K. L., Zelenski, J. M., & Murphy, S. A. (2010) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-010-9197-7 · Cited by 905
Dimensions of Tourists’ Emotional Experiences Towards Hedonic Holiday Destinations
Hosany, S., & Gilbert, D. (2009) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287509349267 · Cited by 846
Toward a Unifying Theoretical and Practical Perspective on Well-Being and Psychosocial Adjustment.
Lent, R. W. (2004) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.51.4.482 · Cited by 872
The Relationship Between Social Support and Subjective Well-Being Across Age
Siedlecki, K. L., Salthouse, T. A., Oishi, S., & Jeswani, S. (2013) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0361-4 · Cited by 810
Similarity of the Relations between Marital Status and Subjective Well-Being Across Cultures
Diener, E., Gohm, C. L., Suh, E. M., & Oishi, S. (2000) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022100031004001 · Cited by 782
Dialectical behavior therapy for binge eating disorder.
Telch, C. F., Agras, W. S., & Linehan, M. M. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.6.1061 · Cited by 780
Placebo Effects Mediated by Endogenous Opioid Activity on μ-Opioid Receptors
Zubieta, J.-K., Bueller, J. A., Jackson, L. R., Scott, D. J., Xu, Y., Koeppe, R. A., Nichols, T. E., & Stohler, C. S. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0439-05.2005 · Cited by 779
Shin, J., Taylor, M. S., & Seo, M. (2012) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2010.0325 · Cited by 879
Hope and academic success in college.
Snyder, C. R., Shorey, H. S., Cheavens, J., Pulvers, K. M., Adams, V. H., & Wiklund, C. (2002) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.94.4.820 · Cited by 790
Johnson, J. L., & O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. (2003) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.207 · Cited by 776
Wang, Q., Pomerantz, E. M., & Chen, H. (2007) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01085.x · Cited by 826
Critical slowing down as early warning for the onset and termination of depression
van de Leemput, I. A., Wichers, M., Cramer, A. O. J., Borsboom, D., Tuerlinckx, F., Kuppens, P., van Nes, E. H., Viechtbauer, W., Giltay, E. J., Aggen, S. H., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1312114110 · Cited by 816
Adult attachment predicts maternal brain and oxytocin response to infant cues.
Strathearn, L., Fonagy, P., Amico, J., & Montague, P. R. (2009) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.103 · Cited by 773
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Aldao, A. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.06.012 · Cited by 772
Isen, A. M. (2001) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1102_01 · Cited by 763
Treadway, M. T., Buckholtz, J. W., Schwartzman, A. N., Lambert, W. E., & Zald, D. H. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006598 · Cited by 769
Toward an objective characterization of an anhedonic phenotype: A signal-detection approach
Pizzagalli, D. A., Jahn, A. L., & O’Shea, J. P. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.026 · Cited by 738
Ebner, N. C., Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2006) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.21.4.664 · Cited by 764
Emotion and psychopathy: Startling new insights
Patrick, C. J. (1994) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb02440.x · Cited by 757
Shipp, A. J., Edwards, J. R., & Lambert, L. S. (2009) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.05.001 · Cited by 815
Relationship of core self-evaluations to goal setting, motivation, and performance.
Erez, A., & Judge, T. A. (2001) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.6.1270 · Cited by 764
Steinhardt, M., & Dolbier, C. (2008) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.3200/jach.56.44.445-454 · Cited by 759
Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Farchione, T. J., Fairholme, C. P., Ellard, K. K., Boisseau, C. L., Thompson-Hollands, J., Carl, J. R., Gallagher, M. W., & Barlow, D. H. (2012) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.01.001 · Cited by 746
Thatcher, J. B., & Perrewé, P. L. (2002) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/4132314 · Cited by 773
Mendl, M., Burman, O. H. P., Parker, R. M. A., & Paul, E. S. (2009) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2009.02.023 · Cited by 809
Marcus, G. E., & MacKuen, M. (1993) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/2938743 · Cited by 770
Smith, P. K., & Trope, Y. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.4.578 · Cited by 791
Gabriel, A. S., Podsakoff, N. P., Beal, D. J., Scott, B. A., Sonnentag, S., Trougakos, J. P., & Butts, M. M. (2019) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428118802626 · Cited by 755
The road to forgiveness: A meta-analytic synthesis of its situational and dispositional correlates
Fehr, R., Gelfand, M. J., & Nag, M. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0019993 · Cited by 749
Cohort Profile: LifeLines, a three-generation cohort study and biobank.
Scholtens, S., Smidt, N., Swertz, M. A., Bakker, S. J., Dotinga, A., Vonk, J. M., van Dijk, F., van Zon, S. K., Wijmenga, C., Wolffenbuttel, B. H., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyu229 · Cited by 847
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1992) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00980.x · Cited by 1,154
Self-citationThe Role of Person Versus Situation in Life Satisfaction: A Critical Examination.
Heller, D. A., Watson, D., & Ilieș, R. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.574 · Cited by 836
Self-citation“Did you have a nice evening?” A day-level study on recovery experiences, sleep, and affect
Sonnentag, S., Binnewies, C., & Mojza, E. J. (2008) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.674 · Cited by 741
A multidimensional approach to measuring well-being in students: Application of the PERMA framework
Kern, M. L., Waters, L. E., Adler, A., & White, M. A. (2015) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2014.936962 · Cited by 743
Advancing the country image construct
Zeugner‐Roth, K. P., & Diamantopoulos, A. (2008) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.05.014 · Cited by 740
Brain activity during transient sadness and happiness in healthy women
(1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.3.341 · Cited by 737
Simmering, M. J., Fuller, C. M., Richardson, H. A., Ocal, Y., & Atinc, G. M. (2015) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428114560023 · Cited by 734
Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Lawlor, M. S. (2010) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0011-8 · Cited by 758
Lyubomirsky, S., Dickerhoof, R., Boehm, J. K., & Sheldon, K. M. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0022575 · Cited by 720
Spent resources: self-regulatory resource availability affects impulse buying.
Vohs, K. D., & Faber, R. J. (2007) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/510228 · Cited by 1,031
Experiences of Autonomy and Control Among Chinese Learners: Vitalizing or Immobilizing?
Vansteenkiste, M., Zhou, M., Lens, W., & Soenens, B. (2005) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.97.3.468 · Cited by 725
Akçay, M. B., & Oğuz, K. (2019) · Speech Communication · doi:10.1016/j.specom.2019.12.001 · Cited by 743
Zheng, X., Zhu, W., Zhao, H., & Zhang, C. (2015) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.1990 · Cited by 887
Multimodal Emotion Recognition in Response to Videos
Soleymani, M., Pantić, M., & Pun, T. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/t-affc.2011.37 · Cited by 740
Happiness in Everyday Life: The Uses of Experience Sampling
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Hunter, J. (2003) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1023/a:1024409732742 · Cited by 717
AMIGOS: A Dataset for Affect, Personality and Mood Research on Individuals and Groups
Miranda-Correa, J. A., Abadi, M. K., Sebe, N., & Patras, I. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/taffc.2018.2884461 · Cited by 740
Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.84.2.377 · Cited by 3,826
Hostile Marital Interactions, Proinflammatory Cytokine Production, and Wound Healing
Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Loving, T. J., Stowell, J. R., Malarkey, W. B., Lemeshow, S., Dickinson, S. L., & Glaser, R. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.12.1377 · Cited by 715
Jang, H., Reeve, J., Ryan, R. M., & Kim, A. (2009) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014241 · Cited by 713
Winkielman, P., Berridge, K. C., & Wilbarger, J. L. (2005) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167204271309 · Cited by 708
Cross cultural evidence for the fundamental features of extraversion
Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., Grob, A., Suh, E. M., & Shao, L. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.3.452 · Cited by 713
The Nature of Job Insecurity: Understanding Employment Uncertainty on the Brink of a New Millennium
Sverke, M., & Hellgren, J. (2002) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/1464-0597.0077z · Cited by 728
The Role of Acceptance and Job Control in Mental Health, Job Satisfaction, and Work Performance
Bond, F. W., & Bunce, D. (2003) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.6.1057 · Cited by 711
Metadata
- Authors
- Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1988-06
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1063-1070
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W4292994367
- Cited by
- 32,433
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1683 · 2025: 1974 · 2024: 1870 · 2023: 2052 · 2022: 2195 · 2021: 2327 · 2020: 2096 · 2019: 1807 · 2018: 1786 · 2017: 1682 · 2016: 1593 · 2015: 1394 · 2014: 1307 · 2013: 1248 · 2012: 1086
- FWCI
- 23.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- positive affect, negative affect, PANAS, scale development, scale validation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
