The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 65 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from a shortened version of the paper’s full text (it is longer than we read).
## TL;DR
This study examined whether positive personal resources in employees—self-efficacy, optimism, hope, resilience, and engagement—were related to a healthy lifestyle in 67 workers from a Colombian occupational-risk consulting company. The data supported some low positive associations among self-efficacy, engagement, hope, and resilience, but the authors concluded that these resources did not generally align with healthy practices in interpersonal relations, coping, and perceived emotional state.
## Key findings
- The sample included 67 employees; 76% were female and the mean age was 35.89 years (SD = 7.28).
- Self-efficacy was mostly high: 61 (91%) were classified as high and 6 (9%) as low.
- Engagement was generally high: for vigor, 31 (46%) were high and 6 (9%) very high; for dedication, 33 (49%) were high and 27 (40%) very high; for absorption, 28 (42%) were high and 15 (22%) very high.
- Healthy lifestyle practices were mixed: exercise and physical activity was healthy for 51 (76%), but time of leisure was healthy for 21 (31%), alimentación for 5 (7%), sleep for 10 (15%), interpersonal relations for 1 (1%), coping for 1 (1%), and perceived emotional state for 3 (4%).
- Spearman correlations showed low but significant associations between self-efficacy and engagement components: vigor ρ = .298, p = .0140, dedication ρ = .211, p = .0014, and absorption ρ = .222, p = .0071.
- Among engagement and other positive resources, dedication showed no relation with optimism, hope, or resilience, while absorption correlated with hope (ρ = .280, p = .022) and resilience (ρ = .367, p = .002); vigor also related to these resources, according to the discussion.
## Methods
- Design: Quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational; the authors originally considered regression models but rejected them after preliminary checks, then used Spearman correlation.
- Sample/data: 67 voluntary and anonymous employees from one regional branch of a Colombian company providing occupational risk management services; data were collected online after email invitation to 1151 addresses.
- Measures/analysis: Self-efficacy was measured with the MBI-GS efficacy subscale; optimism with a translated LOT-R; hope with a translated Adult Hope Scale; engagement with the UWES-17; resilience with the ER scale; and healthy lifestyle practices with an adapted CEVJU-R subscale. Data were analyzed in SPSS 21 using frequency distributions and Spearman’s rho.
## Limitations
- The paper explicitly states that it was a cross-sectional study, which does not allow causal inference.
- It also states that the convenience sample was very small, which may have biased results and limits generalization.
- The paper notes that several instruments lacked validation for Colombian populations, and that the online data-collection method did not control how participants answered, which may have reduced internal reliability.
- Evident from the text: the lifestyle measure was adapted (including omission of the alcohol/tobacco/drug dimension because the manual and questionnaire did not match), so comparability of that part of the measure is uncertain.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
48 Not checked yet · 16 Own interpretation · 16 Own result · 5 Own method · 5 No basis given
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Los resultados muestran que la presencia de estos recursos personales positivos en un empleado de este grupo muestral, parece no facilitar prácticas saludables de relaciones interpersonales, afrontamiento y estado emocional percibido.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“The results show that the presence of these positive personal resources an employee of this sample group, seems that healthy practices do not facilitate interpersonal relationships, coping and perceived emotional state.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“finalmente no existe ninguna práctica saludable positiva que se relacione con la absorción.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used measure the intended constructs validly in the Colombian population.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants' self-reports accurately reflect their actual healthy practices and emotional states.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“la mayoría de personas presenta niveles altos o muy altos de vigor y absorción”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Las versiones en español de los instrumentos MBI-GS, LOT-R, Adult Hope Scale, UWES y ER miden válidamente los constructos en la población laboral colombiana estudiada, a pesar de que no existen estudios publicados de validación para población colombiana.
- Rests on an assumption: Las respuestas autoinformadas de los participantes reflejan con exactitud sus recursos personales positivos y prácticas de estilo de vida.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Se observa entonces que el optimismo no es un recurso personal positivo que se relacione con los componentes del engagemet”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used measure the intended constructs validly in the Colombian population.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants' self-reports accurately reflect their actual healthy practices and emotional states.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“en cuanto al optimismo y la autoeficacia, pudo determinarse una correlación significativa inversamente proporcional de baja magnitud con el estado emocional únicamente.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used measure the intended constructs validly in the Colombian population.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants' self-reports accurately reflect their actual healthy practices and emotional states.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“para el caso de la absorción puede apreciarse una relación de baja magnitud pero significativa y de tipo directamente proporcional con la esperanza y la resiliencia”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used measure the intended constructs validly in the Colombian population.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants' self-reports accurately reflect their actual healthy practices and emotional states.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“una situación similar ocurre con el caso de la esperanza y la dedicación, que muestra correlaciones de baja magnitud e inversamente proporcionales pero significativas con estas mismas prácticas saludables”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used measure the intended constructs validly in the Colombian population.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants' self-reports accurately reflect their actual healthy practices and emotional states.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“pueden apreciarse, en su mayoría, coeficientes de correlación bajos, pero que son estadísticamente significativos para el caso de la dedicación, la absorción y el vigor; esto puede interpretarse como que las variables en estudio (engagement y sus componentes), presentan una tendencia directamente proporcional pero con un bajo nivel de asociación.”
- Also stated in: § 2.7 Discusión · hedged
“se puede asumir según los resultados obtenidos, que al tomar la autoeficacia como piedra angular del modelo de espiral dual Llorens et al. (2007) esta presenta una relación directamente proporcional pero baja con cada uno de los componentes del engagement (vigor, dedicación y absorción)”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used measure the intended constructs validly in the Colombian population.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants' self-reports accurately reflect their actual healthy practices and emotional states.
- Also stated in: § 2.7 Discusión · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“casi el total de la población presenta niveles altos o muy altos de dedicación”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Las versiones en español de los instrumentos MBI-GS, LOT-R, Adult Hope Scale, UWES y ER miden válidamente los constructos en la población laboral colombiana estudiada, a pesar de que no existen estudios publicados de validación para población colombiana.
- Rests on an assumption: Las respuestas autoinformadas de los participantes reflejan con exactitud sus recursos personales positivos y prácticas de estilo de vida.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“la gran mayoría de la población manifiesta altos niveles de resiliencia”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Las versiones en español de los instrumentos MBI-GS, LOT-R, Adult Hope Scale, UWES y ER miden válidamente los constructos en la población laboral colombiana estudiada, a pesar de que no existen estudios publicados de validación para población colombiana.
- Rests on an assumption: Las respuestas autoinformadas de los participantes reflejan con exactitud sus recursos personales positivos y prácticas de estilo de vida.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 38
- Probably not a substantial claim. 56
- The quote only partly states this claim. 4
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“no existe ninguna relación entre la dedicación y los otros recursos personales positivos”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used measure the intended constructs validly in the Colombian population.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants' self-reports accurately reflect their actual healthy practices and emotional states.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Los resultados preliminares de los datos, demostraron que no podía hacerse un modelo de regresión lineal, y que tampoco podrían predecirse la presencia o ausencia de un estilo de vida saludable mediante un modelo de regresión logística.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“situación que es también coherente con una fuerte acumulación de sujetos en niveles altos de optimismo”
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Las versiones en español de los instrumentos MBI-GS, LOT-R, Adult Hope Scale, UWES y ER miden válidamente los constructos en la población laboral colombiana estudiada, a pesar de que no existen estudios publicados de validación para población colombiana.
- Rests on an assumption: Las respuestas autoinformadas de los participantes reflejan con exactitud sus recursos personales positivos y prácticas de estilo de vida.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“El comparativo en la tabla muestra que la gran mayoría de la población presenta como practicas Saludable el ejercicio y la actividad física, sin embargo en cuanto a las prácticas de tiempo de ocio, alimentación, sueño, habilidades interpersonales, afrontamiento y estado emocional percibido, aparecen como practicas no saludables para la mayoría de la población.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used measure the intended constructs validly in the Colombian population.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants' self-reports accurately reflect their actual healthy practices and emotional states.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“finalmente el vigor presenta una asociación significativa también estos mismos recursos personales positivos.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used measure the intended constructs validly in the Colombian population.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants' self-reports accurately reflect their actual healthy practices and emotional states.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“casi toda la población reporta altos niveles de autoeficacia”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Las versiones en español de los instrumentos MBI-GS, LOT-R, Adult Hope Scale, UWES y ER miden válidamente los constructos en la población laboral colombiana estudiada, a pesar de que no existen estudios publicados de validación para población colombiana.
- Rests on an assumption: Las respuestas autoinformadas de los participantes reflejan con exactitud sus recursos personales positivos y prácticas de estilo de vida.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“En cuanto a la asociación existente entre el vigor y las prácticas saludables, se pudo encontrar una asociación baja de tipo inversamente proporcional de este recurso con el estado emocional, en menor medida con el afrontamiento y con las habilidades interpersonales”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used measure the intended constructs validly in the Colombian population.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants' self-reports accurately reflect their actual healthy practices and emotional states.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Para el caso de la resiliencia, pudo observarse una correlación baja de tipo inversamente proporcional con el afrontamiento”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used measure the intended constructs validly in the Colombian population.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants' self-reports accurately reflect their actual healthy practices and emotional states.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Dando respuesta a esta perspectiva integral desde la gestión del talento humano y de los entornos de trabajo saludables, surge un modelo teórico basado en la Psicología Organizacional Positiva, Salanova, Martínez y Llorens, (2005), y que permitió para el 2007 el desarrollo del modelo de la Psicología de la Salud Ocupacional Positiva (PSOP) (Llorens, Salanova, y Martínez, 2007).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Salanova, Martínez y Llorens, (2005)
- Not checked yetcites Llorens, Salanova, y Martínez, 2007
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“El modelo de la PSOP, señala 5 recursos personales positivos; conceptos retomados por Llorens, et al. (2007) y que son: autoeficacia, esperanza, resiliencia, optimismo y engagement”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Llorens, et al. (2007)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Llorens et al. (2007) proponen la gestión de puestos de trabajo y empleados positivos o saludables: El modelo de espiral dual de la salud ocupacional.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Llorens et al. (2007)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“En el artículo 6 de esta Resolución se habla que la evaluación de estos factores debe incluir tanto factores de riesgo como factores protectores, para que se puedan realizar acciones de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad en la población trabajadora”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ministerio de la Protección Social, 2008
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“al entender los recursos personales positivos de los empleados como complemento al modelo de los factores psicosociales protectores individuales de Colombia; permitiría orientar a las empresa para realizar intervenciones dirigidas a promover estos factores, como motivadores de estilos de vida saludables”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Meza, et al. 2011
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Estos resultados parecen indicar que empleados con recursos personales positivos como el engagement, tienen practicas saludables como mejor calidad de sueño y por tanto contarían probablemente con un estilo de vida saludable”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“En 2008, Colombia se convirtió en un país pionero en Latinoamérica en materia de legislación y estudio de factores psicosociales con la publicación de la resolución 2646 del Ministerio de la Protección Social (2008)”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ministerio de la Protección Social (2008)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“también se sabe por los estudios de Kubota, et al. (2011) que empleados que tienen engagement presentan por ejemplo mejor calidad del sueño y rendimiento laboral que aquellos que no lo están.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kubota, et al. (2011)
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“estos autores, han considerado a los recursos personales positivos como características de empleados saludables”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Llorens, et al. (2007)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“los cuales a la luz del marco legal colombiano podrían entrar a complementar a los factores psicosociales individuales (cuando estos son protectores), que los empleadores deben identificar y promover de acuerdo los artículos 6 y 8 de la Resolución 2646 de 2008.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Resolución 2646 de 2008
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“el articulo 8 especifica que los factores psicosociales individuales que deben ser identificados y evaluados por los por los empleadores son: información sociodemografica actualizada, caracteristicas de personalidad, estilos de afrontamiento y codiciones de salud (Ministerio de la Protección Social, 2008).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ministerio de la Protección Social, 2008
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“las relaciones entre autoeficacia y engagement reportados por Salanova, Martínez, y Llorens, (2005) y Salanova, Llorens y Schaufeli (2011), se evidencian fuertes asociaciones entre autoeficacia, vigor y dedicación pero no entre autoeficacia y absorción”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Salanova, Martínez, y Llorens, (2005)
- Not checked yetcites Salanova, Llorens y Schaufeli (2011)
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Los empleados resilientes son competentes socialmente, tienen capacidad para solucionar problemas, autonomía y afrontan mejor los cambios, adversidades y riesgos (Luthans, 2002).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Luthans, 2002
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Estas conductas o prácticas, tienen un impacto muy importante en la salud, en la medida que su presencia o ausencia, puede constituir un factor de riesgo o de protección para el individuo, según sea el caso (Flórez, 2007).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Flórez, 2007
boostedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“los sujetos optimistas informan haber experimentado un menor número de síntomas físicos en el último año, en comparación con los pesimistas”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Martínez, Reyes del Paso, García-León, y González-Jareño; 2006
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“En su modelo, Villalobos (2005) comprende a los factores protectores como aquellas condiciones de trabajo que promueven la salud y el bienestar del trabajador; y los factores de riesgo serían las condiciones laborales psicosociales cuya identificación y evaluación muestra efectos negativos en la salud de los trabajadores o en el trabajo”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Villalobos (2005)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“en un estudio realizado con 265 cuidadores formales de ancianos se demuestra que los cuidadores con altas puntuaciones en Resiliencia, frente a los de bajas puntuaciones, obtuvieron mayores niveles de eficacia y compromiso laboral (Engagement), además exteriorizaron menor agotamiento emocional y cinismo”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Menezes de Lucena Carvalho, Fernández, Hernandez, Ramos, y Contador, 2006
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Son varias entonces las conductas o prácticas saludables que una persona puede adoptar y que agrupadas e interrelacionadas forman patrones y configuran diversas tipologías de estilos de vida como lo explican Salazar et al, (2008) entre ellas se encuentran: practicar actividad física, contar con tiempo para el ocio, tener una alimentación balanceada, evitar el consumo de alcohol, cigarrillo y dro”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Salazar et al, (2008)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“En el modelo PSOP, se entiende a los empleados positivos o saludables como, aquellos empleados que presentan estas características psicológicas positivas”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Las conclusiones de estos estudios, han explicado que, la absorción es una dimensión que no está solamente relacionada al engagement en el trabajo. (Rodríguez, Salanova, Cifre, y Schaufeli, 2011; Taris, Schaufeli, y Shimazu, 2010).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rodríguez, Salanova, Cifre, y Schaufeli, 2011
- Not checked yetcites Taris, Schaufeli, y Shimazu, 2010
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“la herramienta con la que se cuenta actualmente la Batería de instrumentos para la evaluación de factores de riesgo psicosocial, no permite hacer dicha evaluación para su posterior intervención.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The Batería de instrumentos para la evaluación de factores de riesgo psicosocial is the current tool available in Colombia for evaluating psychosocial factors.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Los estudios de Rodríguez, Salanova, Cifre, y Schaufeli, (2011); Taris, Schaufeli, y Shimazu, (2010) ha encontrado, que la absorción forma parte de otros constructos de la psicología de la salud laboral como el Flow”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rodríguez, Salanova, Cifre, y Schaufeli, (2011)
- Not checked yetcites Taris, Schaufeli, y Shimazu, (2010)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“la salud de un trabajador depende del estilo de vida que tenga, es influido por sus factores individuales y los hábitos o prácticas personales de salud.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“El modelo dinámico de interrelación de los factores psicosociales intralaborales, extralaborales e individuales de Villalobos (2005) da cuenta que la interrelación entre estos tres factores es constante, el cambio en uno genera afectación en los otros, y donde los factores individuales pueden actuar como moduladores de la percepción y reacción individual frente a los factores intralaborales y extr”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Villalobos (2005)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“si un empleado se percibe eficaz en el trabajo, así percibirá su ambiente laboral social”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Le Blank, et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites Llorens et al., 2007
- Not checked yetcites Lorente, et al., 2008
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“cuya aplicación en el ámbito Colombiano, podría entrar a complementar al sistema de medición de los factores psicosociales dentro del modelo nacional.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Este marco legal, encuentra una de sus bases en un modelo de prevención de los efectos adversos del estrés ocupacional; este modelo propuesto por Villalobos (2005)”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Villalobos (2005)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“los empleados optimistas esperan que les sucedan cosas buenas, son persistentes, no dudan ni vacilan ante condiciones adversas, y esperan obtener buenos resultados aunque las cosas se pongan difíciles. Son capaces de aceptar las situaciones incontrolables tal y como son, adoptando la mejor visión posible (Carver, y Scheier, M 2001; Chang, 2001; Scheier, Carver, y Bridges, M 2001).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Carver, y Scheier, M 2001
- Not checked yetcites Chang, 2001
- Not checked yetcites Scheier, Carver, y Bridges, M 2001
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“es decir que los cuidadores mas resilientes logran mayores habilidades y competencias de compromiso laboral (vigor, dedicación y absorción), y en la medida que refuerzan estos atributos personales, mitigan la vulnerabilidad al Burnout”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Menezes de Lucena Carvalho, Fernández, Hernandez, Ramos, y Contador, 2006
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Se realizaron dos estudios longitudinales usando muestras independientes, mostrando que: 1) las creencias de eficacia recíprocamente influencian el engagement e indirectamente impactan el afecto positivo a través del tiempo, 2) el entusiasmo es el afecto positivo que más efecto tiene en el engagement y 3) una espiral positiva existe por lo cual las creencias de eficacia se incrementan a través del”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Salanova et. al., 2011
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Fredrickson ( 2002), estudio la relación entre el afecto positivo y los recursos personales desde la teoría de la ampliación y la construcción, donde se asume que las emociones positivas amplían momentáneamente los repertorios hacia la acción de la gente y construyendo su rendimiento personal de recursos como las creencias de eficacia.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fredrickson (2002)
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Se comprobo que existen relaciones negativas significativas entre la esperanza y las tres dimensiones del burnout”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gustafsson, Skoog, Podlog, Lundqvist, y Wagnsson, 2013
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Este aspecto se considera la piedra angular de los empleados 'positivos', por cuanto puede influir en los restantes estados afectivos como esperanza, resiliencia y optimismo y estos a su vez influir en los estados motivacionales positivos como el engagement. (Llorens et al, 2007).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Llorens et al, 2007
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“la experiencia de consecuencias positivas en el empleado por ejemplo el engagement, depende del desarrollo del proceso de motivación, que daría lugar a las espirales 'positivas' de autoeficacia y así a la percepción de demandas retadoras y de la presencia de recursos como la esperanza, resiliencia y optimismo para afrontarlas”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Le Blank, et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites Llorens et al., 2007
- Not checked yetcites Lorente, et al., 2008
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“supone una comprensión sistémica, que permite dar cuenta tanto de factores causales como de los impactos a nivel subjetivo y colectivo; plantea una dinámica interrelación de tres factores psicosociales: intralaborales, extralaborales e individuales que pueden actuar bien como factores protectores o como factores de riesgo.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Villalobos (2005)
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“El optimismo, en el trabajo de Scheier y Carver (1985) explica que cuando surgen dificultades, las expectativas favorables incrementan los esfuerzos de las personas para alcanzar objetivos, en tanto que las expectativas desfavorables reducen tales esfuerzos, a veces hasta el punto de desentenderse totalmente de la tarea.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Scheier y Carver (1985)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“En un estudio realizado por (Salanova, et al, 2005), en estudiantes españoles y belgas se demostró que las creencias de eficacia generan altos niveles de engagement académico, lo cual a su vez produce las futuras creencias de eficacia de los estudiantes”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Salanova, et al, 2005
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Además de lo anterior la PSOP, identifica cinco características esenciales para la gestión de empleados positivos o saludables: Creencias de eficacia o autoeficacia, engagement, esperanza, resiliencia, y optimismo”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“así mismo otros hallazgos empíricos, señalan que los ejes centrales del engagement los conforman el vigor y la dedicación (Llorens, et al. 2007; Lorente, et al. 2008; Schaufeli, et al., 2002; Schaufeli y Bakker, 2004).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Llorens, et al. 2007
- Not checked yetcites Lorente, et al. 2008
- Not checked yetcites Schaufeli, et al., 2002
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“se analizó el rol predictivo de la auto eficacia en el Modelo Demandas-Recursos Laborales y se comprobaron longitudinalmente ambos procesos subyacentes: 1) el proceso motivacional, en el que los recursos de trabajo (ej., autonomía en el trabajo y el clima de apoyo social fomentan el engagement, y 2) el proceso de erosión, en el que las altas demandas laborales (ej., sobrecarga cuantitativa y conf”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vera, 2012
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Las creencias de autoeficacia determinan cómo la gente siente, piensa, se motiva y se comporta, por lo que media, en los procesos cognitivos, motivacionales, afectivos y de selección, así las cosas, un fuerte sentido de la eficacia aumenta la realización humana, el bienestar personal y la satisfacción con el trabajo (Franek, Franek, y Vecera, 2008; Nafziger, 2010).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Franek, Franek, y Vecera, 2008
- Not checked yetcites Nafziger, 2010
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“los cuales podrían integrarse al modelo nacional desde los factores psicosociales individuales como parte de los moderadores cognitivos y rasgos y características de personalidad que las empresas deben identificar.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Como ya se explicó el modelo teórico de la resolución 2646, es la aproximación en Colombia para describir la relación salud-trabajo o más bien estrés-trabajo ( Ministerio de la Protección Social, 2009).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ministerio de la Protección Social, 2009
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“existe una aproximación internacional a la gestión del trabajo que describe más específicamente la relación salud-trabajo; basada en la psicología organizacional positiva, desarrollada por Llorens, et al, (2007) llamada Psicología de la Salud Ocupacional Positiva (PSOP)”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Llorens, et al, (2007)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“también se constata la correlación positiva del optimismo con determinadas estrategias de afrontamiento activo frente al estrés como la resolución de problemas y reestructuración cognitiva, siendo esta relación negativa con respecto a algunas estrategias de afrontamiento pasivo, tales como los pensamientos ansiosos y, sobre todo, la autocrítica”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Martínez, Reyes del Paso, García-León, y González-Jareño; 2006
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“dado modelo PSOP cuando en una empresa se gestionan empleados positivos y puestos de trabajo positivos las consecuencias podrían ser empleados saludables o empleados con recursos psicológicos positivos como: confianza organizacional, eficacia, competencias mentales y emocionales, autoestima basada en la organización, optimismo, esperanza y resiliencia”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lorente, et al. 2008
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“de este modo, empleados con altos niveles de esperanza suelen mostrar mayores niveles de desempeño, satisfacción laboral y mayor compromiso con la empresa (Luthans y Youssef, 2004).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Luthans y Youssef, 2004
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Mediante ecuaciones estructurales, el modelo fue probado en una muestra de 274 profesores de enseñanza secundaria y se confirmaron ambos procesos, así como el poderoso rol de predicción de la autoeficacia (Vera, 2012).”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vera, 2012
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“de este modo en Llorens et al, (2007) describen siete recursos laborales que constituyen los ingredientes para la gestión de los puestos positivos, estos son: la oportunidad para el uso de habilidades, que existan demandas laborales realistas, que haya claridad de tareas y del rol laboral, la autonomía en el trabajo, oportunidades para el contacto social, tareas variadas y la información y feed”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Llorens et al, (2007)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dado lo anterior, al contar con empleados con estas competencias positivas tanto cognitivas como emocionales, es posible que se cuente con empleados con mejores estilos de vida, estilos de vida promotores de salud y seguridad en su lugar de trabajo.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“El tipo de muestreo de la investigación constituye un ejemplo de muestreo noprobabilístico, ya que éste se define como una muestra constituida por elementos de una población, de los cuales se desconoce la probabilidad que tienen de ser incluidos en la muestra”
- Also stated in: § 2.5.1.1 Participantes. · plain
“es por ello que conviene definir la muestra de este estudio como una muestra por conveniencia.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Also stated in: § 2.5.1.1 Participantes. · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“las prácticas de habilidades interpersonales, afrontamiento y estado emocional percibido, correlacionan negativamente en una baja medida con los recursos de esperanza, vigor y dedicación, lo que muestra que el contar con estos recursos personales positivos disminuye la probabilidad de contar con estas prácticas en la muestra evaluada.”
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used measure the intended constructs validly in the Colombian population.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants' self-reports accurately reflect their actual healthy practices and emotional states.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“se observa que el modelo se cumple parcialmente, ya que aunque los empleados experimenten espirales positivas de eficacia que lleven a la percepción de demandas retadoras y por tanto de experiencias positivas como el engagement, solo dos de los componentes de este, el vigor y la absorción se relacionan y en una baja medida con los recursos personales positivos resiliencia y esperanza”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used measure the intended constructs validly in the Colombian population.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants' self-reports accurately reflect their actual healthy practices and emotional states.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“que se puede relacionar con una expectativa positiva frente a su propia situación.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Las versiones en español de los instrumentos MBI-GS, LOT-R, Adult Hope Scale, UWES y ER miden válidamente los constructos en la población laboral colombiana estudiada, a pesar de que no existen estudios publicados de validación para población colombiana.
- Rests on an assumption: Las respuestas autoinformadas de los participantes reflejan con exactitud sus recursos personales positivos y prácticas de estilo de vida.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“la segunda es que se usó una muestra de conveniencia cuyo tamaño fue muy pequeño, lo cual pudo sesgar los resultados y por lo tanto no permite la generalización de los mismos”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“la escala traducida fue presentada a un panel de expertos psicólogos especialistas en salud laboral que son hablantes nativos de español para la asistencia en la identificación de cualquier artículo poco claro o confuso quienes dieron el aval para su utilización.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Muñiz, Elosua y Hambleton, 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Probándose en cierta medida que cuando un trabajador se cree eficaz en su trabajo, así percibirá su ambiente laboral social experimentando recursos personales positivos como la esperanza, la cual al presentarse junto con la resiliencia, potenciara la experiencia de engagemet en el trabajo, y este, en particular su componente de dedicación.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The instruments used measure the intended constructs validly in the Colombian population.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants' self-reports accurately reflect their actual healthy practices and emotional states.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“sumado a eso está la metodología de recolección de información que no permitió controlar la forma como se le dio respuesta a los instrumentos por parte de los participantes, lo que pudo haber contribuido a la perdida de la confiabilidad interna de los mismos.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The Batería de instrumentos para la evaluación de factores de riesgo psicosocial is the current tool available in Colombia for evaluating psychosocial factors.
“la herramienta con la que se cuenta actualmente la Batería de instrumentos para la evaluación de factores de riesgo psicosocial”
The paper relies on this without support.
Las versiones en español de los instrumentos MBI-GS, LOT-R, Adult Hope Scale, UWES y ER miden válidamente los constructos en la población laboral colombiana estudiada, a pesar de que no existen estudios publicados de validación para población colombiana.
“En la actualidad no existe en Colombia una versión comercial del MBI-GS, ni estudios publicados en los que se analice su validación para población Colombiana”
“En la actualidad no existe en Colombia una versión del a LOT-R, ni estudios publicados en los que se analice su validación para población Colombiana”
“Para la fecha de realización del estudio no existe en Colombia una versión de la Escala de esperanza para adultos, ni estudios publicados en los que se analice su validación para población Colombiana”
The paper relies on this without support.
La muestra de 67 empleados tiene potencia estadística suficiente para detectar las relaciones de interés.
“Se contó con la participación voluntaria y anónima de 67 empleados de una de las regionales de una empresa prestadora de servicios en gestión de riesgos laborales de Colombia”
The paper relies on this without support.
Las respuestas autoinformadas de los participantes reflejan con exactitud sus recursos personales positivos y prácticas de estilo de vida.
“El cuestionario es un instrumento de auto informe cuyo objetivo es describir los estilos de vida en jóvenes universitarios”
The paper relies on this without support.
The instruments used measure the intended constructs validly in the Colombian population.
“también se encuentra como limitante la validación de los instrumentos utilizados, encontrándose que varios de ellos no cuentan con estudios de su validez en población Colombiana”
The paper relies on this without support.
Participants' self-reports accurately reflect their actual healthy practices and emotional states.
“sumado a eso está la metodología de recolección de información que no permitió controlar la forma como se le dio respuesta a los instrumentos por parte de los participantes, lo que pudo haber contribuido a la perdida de la confiabilidad interna de los mismos.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This psychometrically-sound measure includes 4 agency items (e.g., “I energetically pursue my goals”), 4 pathways items (e.g., “I can think of many ways to get out of a jam”), and 4 distracter items (assessed on a scale of 1=definitely false to 8=definitely true) [18], yielding scores ranging from 8 to 64 (4 to 32 for each subscale; higher scores indicate higher hope).”
From A digital, coach-assisted intervention to address the psychosocial needs of young adult cancer survivors: Randomized controlled trial protocol and intervention adaptation process (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The predominant psychological approaches to hope and hopelessness have emphasized a cognitive-goal-expectancy perspective (e.g., Gallagher et al., 2020; Mowrer, 1960; Stotland, 1969; Snyder et al., 1991).”
From A hope intervention for adolescents: a randomized controlled trial delivered by paraprofessionals (2025) · cites this paper as Snyder et al., 1991
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Going further, cognitive-behavioral approaches to hope are rooted in Western concepts of mastery (perceived control) and an emphasis on personal agency (Mowrer, 1960; Snyder et al., 1991; Stotland, 1969).”
From A hope intervention for adolescents: a randomized controlled trial delivered by paraprofessionals (2025) · cites this paper as Snyder et al., 1991
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For example, Gallagher et al. (2020) reported a moderate effect size of 0.65 from baseline to post-treatment for changes in hope, defined in terms of Snyder et al.’s (1991) “wills and ways” goal-expectancy model.”
From A hope intervention for adolescents: a randomized controlled trial delivered by paraprofessionals (2025) · cites this paper as Snyder et al., 1991
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Cited by
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TARGET ARTICLE: Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind
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“We used the Trait Hope Scale (Snyder et al., 1991; Snyder, Rand, & Sigmon, 2002) to assess these two cognitive components of Snyder’s hope theory.”
The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography.
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Positive psychological states and coping with severe stress
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The development and validation of the children’s Hope scale
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Self-citationReconsidering happiness: The costs of distinguishing between hedonics and eudaimonia
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Posttraumatic growth following breast cancer: a controlled comparison study
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Experimental analysis of a web-based training intervention to develop positive psychological capital
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Measuring happiness with a single-item scale
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Emotional Capability, Emotional Intelligence, and Radical Change
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Emotionally expressive coping predicts psychological and physical adjustment to breast cancer
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Hope therapy in a community sample: a pilot investigation
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Self-citationPerceived past, present, and future control and adjustment to stressful life events
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The relationship of children’s hope to pediatric asthma treatment adherence
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The roles of hope and optimism on posttraumatic growth in oral cavity cancer patients
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An integrative review of the influence of expectancies on pain
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Future orientation and suicide ideation and attempts in depressed adults ages 50 and over
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Brief group‐based acceptance and commitment therapy for stroke survivors.
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Optimism and suicide ideation among young adult college students
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The Effectiveness of a Hope Intervention in Coping with Cold Pressor Pain
Berg, C. J., Snyder, C. R., & Hamilton, N. (2008) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105308093864 · Cited by 95
Self-citationFowler, D., Hodgekins, J., French, P., Marshall, M., Freemantle, N., McCrone, P., Everard, L., Lavis, A., Jones, P. B., Amos, T., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30476-5 · Cited by 95
Boyle, M. P. (2015) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.12.002 · Cited by 95
Ai, A. L., Wink, P., Tice, T. N., Bolling, S. F., & Shearer, M. (2009) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-009-9228-1 · Cited by 95
Stress among fathers of young children with type 1 diabetes
Mitchell, S. J., Hilliard, M. E., Mednick, L., Henderson, C., Cogen, F. R., & Streisand, R. (2009) · Families, Systems, & Health · doi:10.1037/a0018191 · Cited by 94
Wood, L., Byrne, R., Varese, F., & Morrison, A. P. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.05.001 · Cited by 93
A simultaneous examination of two forms of working memory training: Evidence for near transfer only
Minear, M., Brasher, F., Guerrero, C. B., Brasher, M., Moore, A., & Sukeena, J. (2016) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-016-0616-9 · Cited by 85
Dodd, A. L., Priestley, M., Tyrrell, K., Cygan, S., Newell, C., & Byrom, N. C. (2021) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2021.1875419 · Cited by 89
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“Hope theory was developed by the positive psychologist Snyder and his colleagues [36].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., Yoshinobu, L., Gibb, J., Langelle, C., & Harney, P.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1991
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 570-585
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W4251240656
- Cited by
- 3,774
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 271 · 2024: 307 · 2023: 287 · 2022: 285 · 2021: 269 · 2020: 286 · 2019: 221 · 2018: 191 · 2017: 165 · 2016: 177 · 2015: 147 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 94 · 2012: 88
- FWCI
- 10.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- hope, individual differences, personality assessment, scale development, scale validation, motivation, optimism
About these checks
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