The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brain activity during reading The effects of exposure duration and task
Abstract
Brain activity during reading tasks was investigated using PET. The aim was to account for differences in the results of two previous studies [those of Petersen et al. (Science 1990; 249: 1041-4) and Howard et al. (Brain 1992; 115: 1769-82)] by systematically varying the type of reading task and the exposure duration of the word stimuli. Both variables strongly influenced patterns of brain activity. There were three types of task: (i) reading aloud; (ii) reading silently; and (iii) lexical decision on visually presented words and pseudowords. Reading aloud and reading silently engaged the left middle and superior temporal regions, confirming the important role of these areas in visual word processing. The areas principally engaged during lexical decision were the left inferior and middle frontal cortices and the supplementary motor area; activity in these areas suggests that the subjects were using a phonological strategy to perform the task. There was also a significant effect of exposure duration, with activity being greater for short (150 ms) exposure durations than for long (1000 ms or 981 ms) exposure durations. We conclude that until we understand how subtle variations in experimental design influence brain activity during reading tasks, the association of specific processing functions with individual anatomical areas activated during reading is premature.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
From Neuropsychology to Mental Structure
Shallice, T. (1988) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511526817 · Cited by 4,072
The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory
Paulesu, E., Frith, C. D., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/362342a0 · Cited by 2,230
Self-citationTHE CORTICAL LOCALIZATION OF THE LEXICONS: POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY EVIDENCE
HOWARD, D., PATTERSON, K., WISE, R., BROWN, W. D., FRISTON, K., WEILLER, C., & FRACKOWIAK, R. (1992) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/115.6.1769 · Cited by 585
Self-citation
Cited by
Imaging Cognition II: An Empirical Review of 275 PET and fMRI Studies
Cabeza, R., & Nyberg, L. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/08989290051137585 · Cited by 3,598
Price, C. J. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.062 · Cited by 2,159
Self-citationThe spatial and temporal signatures of word production components
Indefrey, P., & Levelt, W. J. M. (2004) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2002.06.001 · Cited by 2,144
Cohen, L., Dehaene, S., Naccache, L., Lehéricy, S., Dehaene-Lambertz, G., Hénaff, M.-A., & Michel, F. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.2.291 · Cited by 1,954
Meta-analysis of the functional neuroanatomy of single-word reading: method and validation
Turkeltaub, P. E., Eden, G. F., Jones, K. M., & Zeffiro, T. A. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1131 · Cited by 1,604
Poldrack, R. A., Wagner, A. D., Prull, M. W., Desmond, J. E., Glover, G. H., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (1999) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1999.0441 · Cited by 1,448
Bookheimer, S. (2002) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142946 · Cited by 1,450
Human temporal lobe activation by speech and nonspeech sounds
Binder, J. R. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.5.512 · Cited by 1,345
Pulvermüller, F. (1999) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x9900182x · Cited by 1,284
Conceptual Processing during the Conscious Resting State: A Functional MRI Study
Binder, J. R., Frost, J. A., Hammeke, T. A., Bellgowan, P. S. F., Rao, S. M., & Cox, R. W. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892999563265 · Cited by 1,066
Puce, A., Allison, T., Asgari, M., Gore, J. C., & McCarthy, G. (1996) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-16-05205.1996 · Cited by 987
Evaluation of the dual route theory of reading: a metanalysis of 35 neuroimaging studies
Jobard, G., Crivello, F., & Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00343-4 · Cited by 973
Bentin, S., Mouchetant-Rostaing, Y., Giard, M. H., Echallier, J. F., & Pernier, J. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892999563373 · Cited by 725
Neuroimaging studies of word reading
Fiez, J. A., & Petersen, S. E. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.3.914 · Cited by 727
Brouwer, H., Fitz, H., & Hoeks, J. (2012) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.055 · Cited by 625
Cerebral organization of component processes in reading
Pugh, K. R., Shaywitz, B. A., Shaywitz, S. E., Constable, R. T., Skudlarski, P., Fulbright, R. K., Bronen, R. A., Shankweiler, D. P., Katz, L., Fletcher, J. M., et al. (1996) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/119.4.1221 · Cited by 613
Functional connectivity of the angular gyrus in normal reading and dyslexia
Horwitz, B., Rumsey, J. M., & Donohue, B. C. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.15.8939 · Cited by 607
Postuma, R. B., & Dagher, A. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj088 · Cited by 579
Explicit and implicit processing of words and pseudowords by adult developmental dyslexics
Brunswick, N., McCrory, E., Price, C. J., Frith, C. D., & Frith, U. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.10.1901 · Cited by 553
Self-citationDemonstrating the implicit processing of visually presented words and pseudowords
Price, C. J., Wise, R. J. S., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1996) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/6.1.62 · Cited by 544
Self-citationfMRI evidence for dual routes to the mental lexicon in visual word recognition
Fiebach, C. J., Friederici, A. D., Müller, K., & Cramon, D. Y. V. (2002) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892902317205285 · Cited by 518
Dynamics of letter string perception in the human occipitotemporal cortex
Tarkiainen, A., Helenius, P., Hansen, P. C., Cornelissen, P. L., & Salmelin, R. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.11.2119 · Cited by 489
Dyslexia-specific brain activation profile becomes normal following successful remedial training
Simos, P. G., Fletcher, J. M., Bergman, E., Breier, J. I., Foorman, B. R., Castillo, E. M., Davis, R. N., Fitzgerald, M., & Papanicolaou, A. C. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.58.8.1203 · Cited by 450
The role of segmentation in phonological processing: an fMRI investigation
Burton, M. W., Small, S. L., & Blumstein, S. E. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900562309 · Cited by 378
Abnormal monitoring of inner speech: a physiological basis for auditory hallucinations
McGuire, P. K., David, A. S., Murray, R. M., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Frith, C. D., Wright, I., & Silbersweig, D. A. (1995) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91435-8 · Cited by 349
Neural correlates of lexical access during visual word recognition
Binder, J. R., McKiernan, K. A., Parsons, M. E., Westbury, C. F., Possing, E. T., Kaufman, J. N., & Buchanan, L. (2003) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892903321593108 · Cited by 344
The neural circuitry involved in the reading of German words and pseudowords: a PET study
Hagoort, P., Indefrey, P., Brown, C., Herzog, H., Steinmetz, H., & Seitz, R. J. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892999563490 · Cited by 300
Functional anatomy of inner speech and auditory verbal imagery
McGuire, P. K., Silbersweig, D. A., Murray, R. M., David, A. S., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Frith, C. D. (1996) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700033699 · Cited by 277
Functional Neuroanatomy of Recall and Recognition: A PET Study of Episodic Memory
Cabeza, R., Kapur, S., Craik, F. I. M., McIntosh, A. R., Houle, S., & Tulving, E. (1997) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.2.254 · Cited by 263
Differential effects of word length and visual contrast in the fusiform and lingual gyri during
Mechelli, A., Humphreys, G. W., Mayall, K., Olson, A., & Price, C. J. (2000) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1229 · Cited by 257
Self-citationThe neural representation of nouns and verbs: PET studies
Tyler, L. K. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.8.1619 · Cited by 242
Human brain regions involved in recognizing environmental sounds
Lewis, J. W., Wightman, F. L., Brefczynski, J. A., Phinney, R. E., Binder, J. R., & DeYoe, E. A. (2004) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh061 · Cited by 230
A Parametric Approach to Orthographic Processing in the Brain: An fMRI Study
Tagamets, M. A., Novick, J. M., Chalmers, M. L., & Friedman, R. B. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900562101 · Cited by 224
Understanding understanding source code with functional magnetic resonance imaging
Siegmund, J., Kästner, C., Apel, S., Parnin, C., Bethmann, A., Leich, T., Saake, G., & Brechmann, A. (2014) · Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Software Engineering · doi:10.1145/2568225.2568252 · Cited by 219
Beauregard, M., Chertkow, H., Bub, D., Murtha, S., Dixon, R., & Evans, A. (1997) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.4.441 · Cited by 191
Word and non-word reading: What role for the Visual Word Form Area?
Vigneau, M., Jobard, G., Mazoyer, B., & Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.04.038 · Cited by 169
The connectivity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus: A tractography DTI study
Bernal, B., & Altman, N. (2010) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2009.07.008 · Cited by 170
Functional MRI evidence for an abstract, not perceptual, word-form area
Polk, T. A., & Farah, M. J. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.131.1.65 · Cited by 169
The neural substrates of writing: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Beeson, P., Rapcsak, S., Plante, E., Chargualaf, J., Chung, A., Johnson, S., & Trouard, T. (2003) · Aphasiology · doi:10.1080/02687030344000067 · Cited by 151
Comparison of brain activation during word retrieval done silently and aloud using fMRI
Rosen, H. J., Ojemann, J. G., Ollinger, J. M., & Petersen, S. E. (2000) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1006/brcg.1999.1100 · Cited by 96
Phonological processing in relation to reading: an fMRI study in deaf readers
Aparicio, M., Gounot, D., Demont, E., & Metz-Lutz, M.-N. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.12.046 · Cited by 75
The neurobiology of self-knowledge in depressed and self-injurious youth
Quevedo, K., Martin, J., Scott, H., Smyda, G., & Pfeifer, J. H. (2016) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.06.015 · Cited by 50
Metadata
- Authors
- Price, C. J., Wise, R. J. S., Watson, J. D. G., Patterson, K., Howard, D., & Frackowiak, R. S. J.
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1994
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1255-1269
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W2158262863
- Cited by
- 425
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 26.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
