Reliability of signals from a chronically implanted, silicon-based electrode array in non-human primate primary motor cortex
Abstract
Multiple-electrode arrays are valuable both as a research tool and as a sensor for neuromotor prosthetic devices, which could potentially restore voluntary motion and functional independence to paralyzed humans. Long-term array reliability is an important requirement for these applications. Here, we demonstrate the reliability of a regular array of 100 microelectrodes to obtain neural recordings from primary motor cortex (MI) of monkeys for at least three months and up to 1.5 years. We implanted Bionic (Cyberkinetics, Inc., Foxboro, MA) silicon probe arrays in MI of three Macaque monkeys. Neural signals were recorded during performance of an eight-direction, push-button task. Recording reliability was evaluated for 18, 35, or 51 sessions distributed over 83, 179, and 569 days after implantation, respectively, using qualitative and quantitative measures. A four-point signal quality scale was defined based on the waveform amplitude relative to noise. A single observer applied this scale to score signal quality for each electrode. A mean of 120 (+/- 17.6 SD), 146 (+/- 7.3), and 119 (+/- 16.9) neural-like waveforms were observed from 65-85 electrodes across subjects for all recording sessions of which over 80% were of high quality. Quantitative measures demonstrated that waveforms had signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) up to 20 with maximum peak-to-peak amplitude of over 1200 microv with a mean SNR of 4.8 for signals ranked as high quality. Mean signal quality did not change over the duration of the evaluation period (slope 0.001, 0.0068 and 0.03; NS). By contrast, neural waveform shape varied between, but not within days in all animals, suggesting a shifting population of recorded neurons over time. Arm-movement related modulation was common and 66% of all recorded neurons were tuned to reach direction. The ability for the array to record neural signals from parietal cortex was also established. These results demonstrate that neural recordings that can provide movement related signals for neural prostheses, as well as for fundamental research applications, can be reliably obtained for long time periods using a monolithic microelectrode array in primate MI and potentially from other cortical areas as well.
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LIFEs have been recently used to control artificial devices showing good results during short-term trials with human amputees.
“In fact, after appropriate control in experimental models to test their biocompatibility and efficacy [18], LIFEs have been recently used to control artificial devices [6,7,22-25] showing good results during short-term trials with human amputees.”
From Decoding of grasping information from neural signals recorded using peripheral intrafascicular interfaces (2011) · cites this paper as [22]
Subjects are able to control a one-degree of freedom hand prosthesis through online processing of efferent neural signals, and repeatable sensory feedback may be received by stimulating afferent fibers.
“These trials showed that subjects are able to control a one-degree of freedom hand prosthesis through online processing of the efferent neural signals, and that repeatable sensory feedback may be received by stimulating afferent fibers [22,23] corresponding to the missing hand/fingers territories.”
From Decoding of grasping information from neural signals recorded using peripheral intrafascicular interfaces (2011) · cites this paper as [22]
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MethodSelf-citationProgress towards biocompatible intracortical microelectrodes for neural interfacing applications
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Self-citationAdvanced Neurotechnologies for Chronic Neural Interfaces: New Horizons and Clinical Opportunities
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MethodSelf-citationDecoding Complete Reach and Grasp Actions from Local Primary Motor Cortex Populations
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“We quantified the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of neural unit waveforms according to the method described by Suner and colleagues (Suner et al., 2005).”
MethodNeurons in primary motor cortex engaged during action observation
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MethodInfluentialSelf-citationWIMAGINE: Wireless 64-Channel ECoG Recording Implant for Long Term Clinical Applications
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Self-citationImplantable microscale neural interfaces
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“…in able-bodied monkeys demonstrated the efficacy of the core elements of an NIS: the efficacy of the interface, the ability to decode the population information, decoding and use of this information (Maynard et al. 1999; Serruya et al. 2002; Suner et al. 2005; Paninski et al. 2004; Wu et al. 2006).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationComparison of Recordings from Microelectrode Arrays and Single Electrodes in the Visual Cortex
Kelly, R. C., Smith, M. A., Samonds, J. M., Kohn, A., Bonds, A. B., Movshon, J. A., & Lee, T. S. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4906-06.2007 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
“Previous reports on the quality (Nordhausen et al., 1996) and long-term stability (Suner et al., 2005) of array recordings have not made a quantitative, direct comparison with established singleelectrode recordings.”
BackgroundMethodNeuroMEMS: Neural Probe Microtechnologies
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“Both cone electrodes and icroelectrode arrays have been shown to record reliable ignals for a little over a year in monkeys; however, no icroelectrode arrays have been verified to reliably record ction potentials for more extended periods of time [67-69].”
BackgroundAbiotic-biotic characterization of Pt/Ir microelectrode arrays in chronic implants
Prasad, A., Xue, Q.-S., Dieme, R., Sankar, V., Mayrand, R. C., Nishida, T., Streit, W. J., & Sanchez, J. C. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroengineering · doi:10.3389/fneng.2014.00002 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
“In general, SNR values ranged between 3 and 6 and were comparable to those reported earlier by other studies (Suner et al., 2005; Ward et al., 2009).”
MethodResultCompact Movable Microwire Array for Long-Term Chronic Unit Recording in Cerebral Cortex of Primates
Jackson, A., & Fetz, E. E. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00569.2007 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
“Common electrode designs include thin, flexible microwires (Kralik et al. 2001) or micromachined silicon probes (Nordhausen et al. 1996; Suner et al. 2005) and, in the future, such devices may have clinical application in a new generation of neural prostheses and brain–computer interfaces (BCIs)…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialZhuang, J., Truccolo, W., Vargas-Irwin, C. E., & Donoghue, J. P. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2010.2047015 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
“Additional details of array structure and surgical implantation procedures are described in [21].”
Self-citationSzostak, K. M., Grand, L., & Constandinou, T. G. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00665 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
“(F) TSV-integrated silicon microneedle array (Chang et al., 2015). of 3–4.8 (Suner et al., 2005; Kelly et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialDetecting Neural-State Transitions Using Hidden Markov Models for Motor Cortical Prostheses
Kemere, C., Santhanam, G., Yu, B. M., Afshar, A., Ryu, S. I., Meng, T. H., & Shenoy, K. V. (2008) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00924.2007 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Intracortical recording stability in human brain–computer interface users
Downey, J. E., Schwed, N., Chase, S. M., Schwartz, A. B., & Collinger, J. L. (2018) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aab7a0 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Technology Insight: future neuroprosthetic therapies for disorders of the nervous system
Normann, R. A. (2007) · Nature Clinical Practice Neurology · doi:10.1038/ncpneuro0556 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Integrated circuit amplifiers for multi-electrode intracortical recording
Jochum, T., Denison, T., & Wolf, P. D. (2009) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/6/1/012001 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Microphysiology of Epileptiform Activity in Human Neocortex
Schevon, C. A., Ng, S. K., Cappell, J., Goodman, R. R., McKhann, G. M., Waziri, A. E., Branner, A., Sosunov, A. A., Schroeder, C. E., & Emerson, R. G. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/wnp.0b013e31818e8010 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
“We anticipated, based on published prior use of the device for periods as long as 1 year in humans (Hochberg et al., 2006) and nonhuman primates (Suner et al., 2005) that recording quality would be maintained throughout.”
Barrese, J. C., Aceros, J., & Donoghue, J. P. (2016) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/13/2/026003 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationUltra-thin flexible polyimide neural probe embedded in a dissolvable maltose-coated microneedle
Xiang, Z., Yen, S.-C., Xue, N., Sun, T., Tsang, W. M., Zhang, S., Liao, L., Thakor, N. V., & Lee, C. (2014) · Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering · doi:10.1088/0960-1317/24/6/065015 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
“micromotion at the tissue–electrode contact sites, which induces inflammation in the tissue [16, 17].”
BackgroundModel validation of untethered, ultrasonic neural dust motes for cortical recording
Seo, D., Carmena, J. M., Rabaey, J. M., Maharbiz, M. M., & Alon, E. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.07.025 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Quantifying long-term microelectrode array functionality using chronic in vivo impedance testing
Prasad, A., & Sanchez, J. C. (2012) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/9/2/026028 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
“In the microenvironment, signals were recorded with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with signal level five to ten times larger than the noise floor values and there was no trend of decreasing SNR observed over the implant duration similar to that reported earlier [24, 39].”
ResultFlexible Electrodes for In Vivo and In Vitro Electrophysiological Signal Recording
Zhu, M., Wang, H., Li, S., Liang, X., Zhang, M., Dai, X., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202100646 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
3D Parylene sheath neural probe for chronic recordings
Kim, B. J., Kuo, J. T. W., Hara, S. A., Lee, C. D., Liu, Y., Gutierrez, C. A., Hoang, T., Pikov, V., & Meng, E. F. (2013) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/10/4/045002 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
“The UEA consists of tapered-tip silicon needles insulated in a polymer, with exposed platinum electrodes at the tip and has found success in cats [8], nonhuman primates [9], as well as human subjects [10].”
BackgroundLuan, L., Robinson, J. T., Aazhang, B., Chi, T., Yang, K., Li, X., Rathore, H., Singer, A., Yellapantula, S., Fan, Y., et al. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.10.011 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
“For instance, Utah or microwire arrays, which have enabled relatively large-scale recordings (hundreds of neurons) from primates (Dickey et al., 2009; Dotson et al., 2015; Nicolelis et al., 2003; Suner et al., 2005), typically carry only one recording site on the tip of each wire, and usually have contact spacings of…”
BackgroundSpatial characterization of interictal high frequency oscillations in epileptic neocortex
Schevon, C. A., Trevelyan, A. J., Schroeder, C. E., Goodman, R. R., McKhann, G. M., & Emerson, R. G. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp222 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
“The MEA was implanted into flat surfaces of exposed neocortical gyri through the pia mater using a pneumatic insertion technique (for more details, see Suner et al., 2005; Hochberg et al., 2006; Waziri et al., 2009).”
MethodDuarah, S., Sharma, M., & Wen, J. (2019) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.01.005 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
The insulation performance of reactive parylene films in implantable electronic devices
Seymour, J. P., Elkasabi, Y. M., Chen, H.-Y., Lahann, J., & Kipke, D. R. (2009) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.061 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
“Most notably, parylene-C has been successfully used as a coating in neural recording arrays [12,13].”
MethodBansal, A. K., Vargas-Irwin, C. E., Truccolo, W., & Donoghue, J. P. (2011) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00532.2010 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
“Details of surgery are similar to those described previously (Suner et al. 2005), except that two arrays were implanted in monkeys C and G.”
ResultSelf-citationGriffith, R. W., & Humphrey, D. R. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.07.018 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Creating low-impedance tetrodes by electroplating with additives
Ferguson, J. E., Boldt, C., & Redish, A. D. (2009) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2009.10.001 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Mechanical and Biological Interactions of Implants with the Brain and Their Impact on Implant Design
Prodanov, D., & Delbeke, J. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00011 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
“Using a regular array of 100 microelectrodes, Suner et al. (2005) recorded from the primary motor cortex (MI) of monkeys for at least 3 months and up to 1.5 years.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialClinical applications of penetrating neural interfaces and Utah Electrode Array technologies
Normann, R. A., & Fernandez, E. (2016) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/13/6/061003 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
“In spite of the formidable results of using UEA/USEA technologies described above, most penetrating microelectrode arrays currently have maximum in vivo lifetimes of several months or a few years (Suner et al 2005, Prasad et al 2012, Barrese et al 2013).”
ResultAcute human brain responses to intracortical microelectrode arrays: challenges and future prospects
Fernández, E., Greger, B. E., House, P. A., Aranda, I., Botella, C., Albísua, J., Soto‐Sánchez, C., Alfaro, A., & Normann, R. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroengineering · doi:10.3389/fneng.2014.00024 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
“NEUROENGINEERING HYPOTHESIS AND THEORY ARTICLE published: 21 July 2014 doi: 10.3389/fneng.2014.00024 Acute human brain responses to intracortical microelectrode arrays: challenges and future prospects”
BackgroundInfluentialIn Vivo Electrochemical Analysis of a PEDOT/MWCNT Neural Electrode Coating
Alba, N. A., Du, Z. J., Catt, K. A., Kozai, T. D. Y., & Cui, X. T. (2015) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios5040618 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
“When chronically implanted, these electrodes typically exhibit a large degree of variability of recording performance metrics such as impedance [9,10], single-unit yield [10–14], and signal-to-noise ratio [10,11,13,14].”
BackgroundHermesB: A Continuous Neural Recording System for Freely Behaving Primates
Santhanam, G., Linderman, M. D., Gilja, V., Afshar, A., Ryu, S. I., Meng, T. H. Y., & Shenoy, K. V. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2007.895753 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
“, s econds or minutes [10], [12]) and long timescales (e.”
BackgroundInfluentialMichelson, N. J., Vazquez, A. L., Eles, J. R., Salatino, J. W., Purcell, E. K., Williams, J. J., Cui, X. T., & Kozai, T. D. Y. (2017) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aa9dae · Cited by 126 · see citing works
BCI meeting 2005-workshop on signals and recording methods
Wolpaw, J. R., Loeb, G. E., Allison, B. Z., Donchin, E., do Nascimento, O. F., Heetderks, W., Nijboer, F., Shain, W. G., & Turner, J. N. (2006) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2006.875583 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
“At the same time, recent results are more encouraging [34], and efforts to reduce or control the reaction to implanted arrays and thereby promote long-term functional stability are just beginning [21], [26], [31], [33].”
ResultBrain-machine interfaces for rehabilitation in stroke: A review
López‐Larraz, E., Sarasola-Sanz, A., Irastorza-Landa, N., Birbaumer, N., & Ramos‐Murguialday, A. (2018) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-172394 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Potter, K. A., Jorfi, M., Householder, K. T., Foster, E. J., Weder, C., & Capadona, J. R. (2014) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2014.01.018 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Configuration of electrical spinal cord stimulation through real-time processing of gait kinematics
Capogrosso, M., Wagner, F. B., Gandar, J., Moraud, E. M., Wenger, N., Milekovic, T., Shkorbatova, P. Y., Pavlova, N., Евгеньевич, М. П., Bézard, E., et al. (2018) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/s41596-018-0030-9 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Theoretical analysis of intracortical microelectrode recordings
Lempka, S. F., Johnson, M. D., Moffitt, M. A., Otto, K. J., Kipke, D. R., & McIntyre, C. C. (2011) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/8/4/045006 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“All of the values reported in a and b were for a microelectrode surface area of 703 μm2. for silicon-substrate microelectrodes (i.e. 450–5000 Hz); however, experimentalists frequently use wider pass bands in microelectrode recordings (Hashimoto et al 2003, Suner et al 2005, Drake et al 1988).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSpatial and Temporal Scales of Neuronal Correlation in Visual Area V4
Smith, M. A., & Sommer, M. A. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4782-12.2013 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“Following the offline sorting procedure, we computed the signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) of each candidate unit as the ratio of the average waveform amplitude to the SD of the waveform noise (Nordhausen et al., 1996; Suner et al., 2005; Kelly et al., 2007).”
MethodSensors for brain-computer interfaces
Hochberg, L. R., & Donoghue, J. P. (2006) · IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine · doi:10.1109/memb.2006.1705745 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“While certain electrodes have been shown to record for years in nonhuman primates [65], longevity will be an ongoing issue, as electrodes appear to generate varying degrees of intracortical and meningeal tissue reaction, which may or may not significantly interfere with recording over time, especially if they must fun…”
BackgroundSelf-citationToward a self-deploying shape memory polymer neuronal electrode
Sharp, A. A., Panchawagh, H. V., Ortega, A., Artale, R., Richardson-Burns, S., Finch, D. S., Gall, K., Mahajan, R. L., & Restrepo, D. (2006) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/3/4/l02 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Conducting polymer coated neural recording electrodes
Harris, A. R., Morgan, S. J., Chen, J., Kapsa, R. M. I., Wallace, G. G., & Paolini, A. G. (2012) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/10/1/016004 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“These studies provide important insights into controlling electrode properties for acute recording experiments; however their relation to chronic implantation and stimulation studies may be limited and requires more investigation [52].”
BackgroundOptimizing the Decoding of Movement Goals from Local Field Potentials in Macaque Cortex
Markowitz, D. A., Wong, Y. T., Gray, C. M., & Pesaran, B. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4165-11.2011 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“…of spiking signals have been the focus of many reports (Williams et al., 1999; Szarowski et al., 2003; Biran et al., 2005; Polikov et al., 2005; Suner et al., 2005; Dickey et al., 2009; Simeral et al., 2011), but LFP and ECoG signals remain relatively poorly studied (but see Chao et al., 2010).”
BackgroundRoelfsema, P. R., Tolboom, M., & Khayat, P. S. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.006 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Human cortical prostheses: lost in translation?
Ryu, S. I., & Shenoy, K. V. (2009) · Neurosurgical Focus · doi:10.3171/2009.4.focus0987 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Lai, H.-Y., Lin, S.-H., Chao, W.-H., Chao, W.-H., Liao, C., Tsang, S., Chen, Y., & Lin, S.-Y. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.05.010 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
The sinusoidal probe: a new approach to improve electrode longevity
Sohal, H. S., Jackson, A., Jackson, R., Clowry, G. J., Vassilevski, K. V., O’Neill, A., & Baker, S. N. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroengineering · doi:10.3389/fneng.2014.00010 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“The SNR was calculated in accordance to Suner et al. (2005).”
InfluentialDoes Impedance Matter When Recording Spikes With Polytrodes?
Neto, J. P., Baião, P., Lopes, G., Frazão, J., Nogueira, J., Fortunato, E. M. C., Barquinha, P. M. C., & Kampff, A. R. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00715 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Automated spike sorting using density grid contour clustering and subtractive waveform decomposition
Vargas-Irwin, C. E., & Donoghue, J. P. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.03.025 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“The array contains a square grid of 100 silicon-based electrodes (96 of which are available for recording) spaced 400 microns apart (See Suner et al. 2005 for details on array performance and surgical implantation procedures).”
MethodSelf-citationCells in somatosensory areas show synchrony with beta oscillations in monkey motor cortex
Witham, C. L., Wang, M., & Baker, S. N. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05890.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“With such electrodes, a variety of factors including gliosis around the recording tip can cause degradation of the recording over a highly variable time course (Biran et al., 2005; Suner et al., 2005; Griffith & Humphrey, 2006).”
BackgroundMicera, S., Rossini, P. M., Rigosa, J., Citi, L., Carpaneto, J., Raspopovic, S., Tombini, M., Cipriani, C., Assenza, G., Carrozza, M. C., et al. (2011) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-8-53 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“The quality of the recording after denoising can be considered good similarly to the considerations done in [35].”
MethodEfficient Decoding With Steady-State Kalman Filter in Neural Interface Systems
Malik, W. Q., Truccolo, W., Brown, E. N., & Hochberg, L. R. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2010.2092443 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“In each session, we recorded neural signals from the 96-channel array with digitization at 30 kHz (analog bandpass 0.3‐7500 Hz; digital highpass with cutoff at 250 Hz) and used real-time, amplitude-thresholding software for waveshape discrimination [ 37 ].”
InfluentialNeural stimulation and recording performance in human sensorimotor cortex over 1500 days
Hughes, C. L., Flesher, S. N., Weiss, J. M., Downey, J. E., Boninger, M. L., Collinger, J. L., & Gaunt, R. A. (2021) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ac18ad · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“Limiting the duty cycle can help reduce neuronal loss [3, 9–11, 13, 14], however the effect of duty cycle is not well understood.”
Lu, Y., Li, Y., Pan, J., Wei, P., Liu, N., Wu, B., Cheng, J., Lu, C., & Wang, L. (2011) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.083 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Single unit action potentials in humans and the effect of seizure activity
Merricks, E. M., Smith, E. H., McKhann, G. M., Goodman, R. R., Bateman, L. M., Emerson, R. G., Schevon, C. A., & Trevelyan, A. J. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv208 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Explant Analysis of Utah Electrode Arrays Implanted in Human Cortex for Brain-Computer-Interfaces
Woeppel, K., Hughes, C., Herrera, A. J., Eles, J. R., Tyler-Kabara, E. C., Gaunt, R. A., Collinger, J. L., & Cui, X. T. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.759711 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“This issue has been studied in both humans and primates, demonstrating that signals can be reliably recorded from electrodes in the motor cortex for over 6 years when devices do not fail, although there is considerable inter-subject variability and signals typically deteriorate over time (Suner et al., 2005; Chestek e…”
BackgroundAmorphous silicon carbide ultramicroelectrode arrays for neural stimulation and recording
Deku, F., Cohen, Y., Joshi-Imre, A., Kanneganti, A., Gardner, T. J., & Cogan, S. F. (2018) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aa8f8b · Cited by 89 · see citing works
In vitro and in vivo biostability assessment of chronically-implanted Parylene C neural sensors
Lecomte, A., Degache, A., Descamps, É., Dahan, L., & Bergaud, C. (2017) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2017.05.057 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
House, P. A., MacDonald, J. D., Tresco, P. A., & Normann, R. A. (2006) · Neurosurgical FOCUS · doi:10.3171/foc.2006.20.5.5 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Limb-state feedback from ensembles of simultaneously recorded dorsal root ganglion neurons
Weber, D. J., Stein, R. B., Everaert, D. G., & Procházka, A. (2007) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/4/3/s04 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“Other neural prosthetics researchers have also reported day-to-day variations or ‘drift’ in the population of neurons being recorded by chronically implanted microelectrode arrays (Suner et al 2005).”
BackgroundInfluence of spiking activity on cortical local field potentials
Waldert, S., Lemon, R., & Kraskov, A. (2013) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2013.258228 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“1B); for example, the SNR used here is two times that used by Suner et al. (2005) and Jackson & Fetz (2007).”
MethodBrain-computer interfaces: military, neurosurgical, and ethical perspective
Kotchetkov, I. S., Hwang, B. Y., Appelboom, G., Kellner, C. P., & Connolly, E. S. (2010) · Neurosurgical FOCUS · doi:10.3171/2010.2.focus1027 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“48,53 Moreover, motion be-tween the implanted electrode and brain parenchyma, as is often caused by changes in brain volume or physical activity, can influence signal production.”
- Authors
- Suner, S., Fellows, M. R., Vargas-Irwin, C., Nakata, G. K., & Donoghue, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
- Published
- 2005-12
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 524-541
- ISSN
- 1534-4320 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-0210
- OpenAlex
- W2113853842
- Cited by
- 415
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 6.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-25074)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Keywords
- chronic neural recording, primary motor cortex, non-human primates, macaque, signal-to-noise ratio, neuroprosthetics, parietal cortex, long-term implantation
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Electrodes, Implanted, Electroencephalography, Equipment Design, Female, Humans, Macaca mulatta, Male, Microelectrodes, Motor Cortex, Primates, Sensitivity and Specificity, Silicon, Reproducibility of Results, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Equipment Failure Analysis
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