Neural control of cursor trajectory and click by a human with tetraplegia 1000 days after implant of an intracortical microelectrode array
Open accessAbstract
The ongoing pilot clinical trial of the BrainGate neural interface system aims in part to assess the feasibility of using neural activity obtained from a small-scale, chronically implanted, intracortical microelectrode array to provide control signals for a neural prosthesis system. Critical questions include how long implanted microelectrodes will record useful neural signals, how reliably those signals can be acquired and decoded, and how effectively they can be used to control various assistive technologies such as computers and robotic assistive devices, or to enable functional electrical stimulation of paralyzed muscles. Here we examined these questions by assessing neural cursor control and BrainGate system characteristics on five consecutive days 1000 days after implant of a 4 × 4 mm array of 100 microelectrodes in the motor cortex of a human with longstanding tetraplegia subsequent to a brainstem stroke. On each of five prospectively-selected days we performed time-amplitude sorting of neuronal spiking activity, trained a population-based Kalman velocity decoding filter combined with a linear discriminant click state classifier, and then assessed closed-loop point-and-click cursor control. The participant performed both an eight-target center-out task and a random target Fitts metric task which was adapted from a human-computer interaction ISO standard used to quantify performance of computer input devices. The neural interface system was further characterized by daily measurement of electrode impedances, unit waveforms and local field potentials. Across the five days, spiking signals were obtained from 41 of 96 electrodes and were successfully decoded to provide neural cursor point-and-click control with a mean task performance of 91.3% ± 0.1% (mean ± s.d.) correct target acquisition. Results across five consecutive days demonstrate that a neural interface system based on an intracortical microelectrode array can provide repeatable, accurate point-and-click control of a computer interface to an individual with tetraplegia 1000 days after implantation of this sensor.
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Microelectrode array technology has retained function for more than 1000 days after implantation, including in this study.
“Current microelectrode array technology has been shown to retain functionality for 1000+ days post implant37,38 (including here; see Extended Data Fig. 7)”
From High-performance brain-to-text communication via handwriting (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
High-count microelectrode arrays have proven useful in basic physiology research and for clinical applications such as restoration of function in people with nervous system injury or stroke.
“Highcount microelectrode arrays have proven useful in basic physiology research [8], and for clinical applications such as the restoration of function in people with nervous system injury [9] or stroke [10].”
Recent penetrating neural interface applications require a greater number of electrodes (>60) to achieve complex neuromodulation or neurophysiological goals.
“Recent penetrating neural interface applications are requiring a greater number of electrodes (>60) to achieve complex neuromodulation [9,10,16] or neurophysiological [8] goals.”
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“…et al., 2003 ; Musallam et al., 2004 ; Santhanam et al., 2006 ; Hochberg et al., 2006 ; Ganguly et al., 2011 ; O’Doherty et al., 2011 ; Gilja et al., 2012 ; Simeral et al., 2011 ; Bacher et al., 2015 ; Nuyujukian et al., 2015 ; Aflalo et al., 2015 ; Gilja et al., 2015 ; Jarosiewicz et al., 2015 ).”
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- Authors
- Simeral, J. D., Kim, S.-P., Black, M. J., Donoghue, J. P., & Hochberg, L. R.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Simeral, J D
- Venue
- Journal of Neural Engineering
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2011-03-24
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 025027
- ISSN
- 1741-2552 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-2560
- PMC
- PMC3715131
- OpenAlex
- W2149331527
- Cited by
- 496
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 20.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Neural Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hd53403-6-0-1)
- U.S. Public Health Service (C06 16549-01A1)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC009899)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-25074, R37NS025074, R01NS025074)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB007401)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (RC1HD063931, N01 HD053403)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- intracortical microelectrode arrays, neural interfaces, tetraplegia, chronic implantation, motor cortex, electrode impedance, local field potentials, neural prosthesis, brainstem infarction
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Electrodes, Implanted, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Imagination, Microelectrodes, Middle Aged, Quadriplegia, User-Computer Interface, Treatment Outcome
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