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Sensitivity to Reward Delay in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Abstract
The present study compared the sensitivity to pre‐ and post‐reward delays of children with and without DSM‐IV combined type ADHD. Thirty‐six children with DSM‐IV combined type ADHD and 36 controls completed a signal‐detection task. Correct identification of one stimulus produced an immediate reward and then a 3.5 s delay before the next trial (immediate reward). Correct identification of the other stimulus was associated with a 3.5 s delay before reward was delivered (delayed reward). Group differences emerged in response bias toward the immediately rewarded alternative. Children in the ADHD group showed a greater bias toward immediate reward than the controls. Children in the control group showed different patterns of response bias and discriminability following immediate and delayed rewards. For these children discriminability was lower and response bias was greater on trials following delayed reward. Both groups responded more slowly on trials following delayed reward. These findings support the hypothesis that children with ADHD are unusually sensitive to pre‐reward delays.
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“In contrast to this generally disappointing picture is the more consistent evidence for an effect of delay, prior to delivery of rewards, on ADHD children's responses and choices (Tripp and Alsop, 2001).”
From Context-dependent Dynamic Processes in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Differentiating Common and Unique Effects of State Regulation Deficits and Delay Aversion (2010) · cites this paper as Tripp and Alsop, 2001
In the citing paper
“are biased towards task responses tied to immediate rewards (Tripp and Alsop, 2001)”
From Context-dependent Dynamic Processes in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Differentiating Common and Unique Effects of State Regulation Deficits and Delay Aversion (2010) · cites this paper as Tripp and Alsop, 2001
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Neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes
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“argues that delay aversion is an acquired characteristic that is based on more fundamental abnormalities in reward mechanism”
Backgroundsagvolden, T., johansen, E. B., aase, H., & russell, V. A. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05000075 · Cited by 1,035
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.008 · Cited by 962
The dual pathway model of AD/HD: an elaboration of neuro-developmental characteristics
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2003) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2003.08.005 · Cited by 816
The impact of reinforcement contingencies on AD/HD: A review and theoretical appraisal
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Cardiac vagal control and children's adaptive functioning: A meta-analysis
Graziano, P., & Derefinko, K. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.04.011 · Cited by 439
“Examining such regulation during positive tasks may also yield information on children’s reward sensitivity and surgency, important constructs that have been implicated in various psychological disorders (O'Brien & Frick, 1996; Tripp & Alsop, 2001; Volkow et al., 2009).”
BackgroundPraxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie
Lehmkuhl, U. (2000) · Cited by 404
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Sergeant, J. A., Nigg, J., & Willcutt, E. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2007.11.008 · Cited by 348
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“Tripp and Alsop (2001) demonstrated that a delay as short as 3.5 seconds differentially affected the behaviour of children with and without ADHD.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationNoreika, V., Falter, C. M., & Rubia, K. (2013) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.036 · Cited by 339
“A bias toward choice of immediate rewards in ADHD was found in an elegant study by Tripp and Alsop (2001) employing a signal detection task to test delay aversion indirectly.”
InfluentialScheres, A., Dijkstra, M., Ainslie, E., Balkan, J., Reynolds, B., Sonuga-Barke, E., & Castellanos, F. X. (2006) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.10.012 · Cited by 327
Dichter, G. S., Damiano, C. A., & Allen, J. A. (2012) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/1866-1955-4-19 · Cited by 299
“"delay aversion" [462,469-474]), which is independent of inhibitory deficits [475] yet correlates with hyperactivity”
BackgroundPlichta, M. M., Vasic, N., Wolf, R. C., Lesch, K.-P., Brummer, D., Jacob, C., Fallgatter, A. J., & Grön, G. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.07.008 · Cited by 272
Reaction Time Distribution Analysis of Neuropsychological Performance in an ADHD Sample
Hervey, A. S., Epstein, J. N., Curry, J. F., Tonev, S., Eugene Arnold, L., Keith Conners, C., Hinshaw, S. P., Swanson, J. M., & Hechtman, L. (2006) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297040500499081 · Cited by 262
Neural substrates of decision making in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Ernst, M., Kimes, A. S., London, E. D., Matochik, J. A., Eldreth, D., Tata, S., Contoreggi, C., Leff, M., & Bolla, K. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1061 · Cited by 254
“This task, however, has strong face validity, as it probes the specific cognitive processes, such as sensitivity and responses to contingent stimuli (1), that are clinically altered in ADHD individuals (2, 42).”
BackgroundSonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Dalen, L., & Remington, B. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000087564.34977.21 · Cited by 233
Thorell, L. B. (2007) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01777.x · Cited by 230
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Marco, R., Miranda, A., Schlotz, W., Melia, A., Mulligan, A., Müller, U., Andreou, P., Butler, L., Christiansen, H., Gabriels, I., et al. (2009) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0014914 · Cited by 214
Stimulus-dependent dopamine release in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Sikström, S., & Söderlund, G. (2007) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.114.4.1047 · Cited by 205
“Escape or avoidance of delay is also well documented for ADHD in behavioral studies (Kuntsi, Oosterlaan, & Stevenson, 2001; Sonuga-Barke, De Houwer, De Ruiter, Ajzenstzen, & Holland, 2004; Sonuga-Barke, Taylor, & Heptinstall, 1992; Sonuga-Barke, Taylor, Sembi, & Smith, 1992; Tripp & Alsop, 2001).”
Multidisciplinary perspectives on attention and the development of self-regulation
Berger, A., Kofman, O., Livneh, U., & Henik, A. (2007) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.06.004 · Cited by 199
“However, in a signal detection task, where equally-sized immediate or delayed rewards were given after correct response to two similar stimuli, the response bias toward the stimulus associated with the immediate reward was stronger among ADHD children (Tripp and Alsop, 2001).”
BackgroundThe research domain criteria framework: The case for anterior cingulate cortex
Holroyd, C. B., & Umemoto, A. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.021 · Cited by 187
Alterations in reward-related decision making in boys with recent and future depression
Forbes, E. E., Shaw, D. S., & Dahl, R. E. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.026 · Cited by 173
Dovis, S., Van der Oord, S., Wiers, R. W., & Prins, P. J. M. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9601-8 · Cited by 165
“…Geurts et al. 2008; Kohls et al. 2009; Konrad et al. 2000; McInerny and Kerns 2003; Rapport et al. 1986; Shaw et al. 2005; Slusarek et al. 2001; Tripp and Alsop 1999, 2001), whereas the rest of these studies found that children with ADHD responded similarly to reinforcement as typically…”
Scheres, A., Tontsch, C., Thoeny, A. L., & Kaczkurkin, A. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.033 · Cited by 167
International Consensus Statement on ADHD: January 2002
Barkley, R. A. (2002) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1023/a:1017494719205 · Cited by 167
Delay discounting of reward in ADHD: application in young children
Wilson, V. B., Mitchell, S. H., Musser, E. D., Schmitt, C. F., & Nigg, J. T. (2011) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02347.x · Cited by 158
“…a large reward later) to show that children with ADHD typically prefer immediate rewards more than non-ADHD individuals (Antrop et al., 2006, Bitsakou, Psychogiou, Thompson, & Sonuga-Barke, 2009; Marco et al., 2009; Paloyelis, Asherson, & Kuntsi, 2009; Solanto et al., 2001; Tripp & Alsop, 2001).”
Temporal reward discounting and ADHD: task and symptom specific effects
Scheres, A., Lee, A., & Sumiya, M. (2008) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-007-0813-6 · Cited by 154
“…task (CDT), the Maudsley index of delay aversions (MIDA), or a Signal Detection Task (Sonuga-Barke 1992; Schweitzer and Sulzer-Azaroff 1995; Kuntsi et al. 2001; Solanto et al. 2001; Tripp and Alsop 2001; Antrop et al. 2006), and found evidence for this notion (see Luman et al. 2005 for a review).”
MethodVideogames and Young People with Developmental Disorders
Durkin, K. (2010) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019438 · Cited by 161
“…behavior, children with ADHD have an unusually high requirement for immediate reward (Douglas & Parry, 1994; Luman, Oosterlaan, & Sergeant, 2005; Tripp & Alsop, 2001) and will opt to minimize delay even at the expense of pursuing larger but longer-term goals (Sonuga-Barke, Taylor, Sembi, &…”
BackgroundSonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Wiersema, J. R., van der Meere, J. J., & Roeyers, H. (2010) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-009-9115-0 · Cited by 142
“In contrast to this generally disappointing picture is the more consistent evidence for an effect of delay, prior to delivery of rewards, on ADHD children’s responses and choices (Tripp and Alsop 2001).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Neuropsychological Perspective Towards DSM-V
Stefanatos, G. A., & Baron, I. S. (2007) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-007-9020-3 · Cited by 159
“…(Castellanos & Tannock, 2002; Douglas & Parry, 1994; Ernst et al., 2003; Iaboni, Douglas, & Baker, 1995; Sagvolden, Aase, Zeiner, & Berger, 1998; Tripp & Alsop, 2001) and hypofunctioning of dopaminergic frontoventral striatal reward circuits and meso-limbic branches that terminate in the…”
BackgroundBitsakou, P., Psychogiou, L., Thompson, M., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2009) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.09.015 · Cited by 134
“Children with ADHD display a bias towards task responses tied to immediate rewards (Tripp & Alsop, 2001); they prefer reward immediacy to high reward rate or task ease (Neef et al., 2005), and they discount future rewards (Barkley, Edwards, Laneri, Fletcher, & Metevia, 2001; but see Scheres et al.,…”
Barr, R. S., Pizzagalli, D. A., Maravić, M. C., GOFF, D. C., & Evins, A. E. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.09.015 · Cited by 128
“Tasks and Procedures: A signal detection task, designed to measure shift in responding toward a differentially (more) rewarded stimulus, was administered twice, in two separate sessions, 3 hours after nicotine patch and after placebo patch application, as an objective measure of reward responsiveness [8-10].”
MethodGaron, N., Moore, C., & Waschbusch, D. A. (2006) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054705284501 · Cited by 127
“There is evidence that children with ADHD experience difficulty with complex forms of reinforcement learning (Itami & Uno, 2002; Johansen, Aase, Meyer, & Sagvolden, 2002; Luman et al., 2005; SonugaBarke, Taylor, Sembi, & Smith, 1992; Tripp & Alsop, 1999, 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialShaw, P., De Rossi, P., Watson, B., Wharton, A., Greenstein, D., Raznahan, A., Sharp, W., Lerch, J. P., & Chakravarty, M. M. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.05.003 · Cited by 126
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., & Fairchild, G. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.004 · Cited by 124
Ziegler, S., Pedersen, M. L., Mowinckel, A. M., & Biele, G. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.002 · Cited by 110
van Goozen, S. H. M., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., Snoek, H., Matthys, W., Swaab, H., & van Engeland, H. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00220.x · Cited by 123
Inhibitory Deficits, Delay Aversion and Preschool AD/HD:Implications for the Dual Pathway Model
Dalen, L., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Hall, M., & Remington, B. (2004) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/np.2004.1 · Cited by 122
Neuropsychological correlates of emotional lability in children with ADHD
Banaschewski, T., Jennen‐Steinmetz, C., Brandeis, D., Buitelaar, J. K., Kuntsi, J., Poustka, L., Sergeant, J. A., Sonuga‐Barke, E. J., Frazier‐Wood, A. C., Albrecht, B., et al. (2012) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02596.x · Cited by 122
Oades, R. D., Sadile, A. G., Sagvolden, T., Viggiano, D., Zuddas, A., Devoto, P., Aase, H., Johansen, E. B., Ruocco, L. A., & Russell, V. A. (2005) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00399.x · Cited by 122
“ADHD children often show an aversion to the delayed delivery of reinforcement (SonugaBarke 2002), or a preference for immediate reinforcers (Tripp and Alsop 2001).”
BackgroundMethodvan Meel, C. S., Oosterlaan, J., Heslenfeld, D. J., & Sergeant, J. A. (2005) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.03.018 · Cited by 115
Origins of altered reinforcement effects in ADHD
Johansen, E., Killeen, P. R., Russell, V. A., Tripp, G., Wickens, J. R., Tannock, R., Williams, J., & Sagvolden, T. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-7 · Cited by 108
“This prediction is consistent with the preference for immediate reinforcers reported in children with ADHD compared to normal controls [16,2426,104].”
Self-citationKollins, S. H., & Adcock, R. A. (2014) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.02.002 · Cited by 95
“Patients with ADHD prefer immediate versus delayed rewards, even if such a choice reduces the overall size of the reward (Bitsakou et al., 2009; Marco et al., 2009; Rapport et al., 1986; Sonuga-Barke and Taylor, 1992; Sonuga-Barke et al., 1992; Tripp and Alsop, 2001).”
BackgroundHolroyd, C. B., Baker, T. E., Kerns, K. A., & Müller, U. (2008) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.02.011 · Cited by 93
Children with low working memory and children with ADHD: same or different?
Holmes, J., Hilton, K. A., Place, M., Alloway, T. P., Elliott, J. G., & Gathercole, S. E. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00976 · Cited by 94
van der Oord, S., & Tripp, G. (2020) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-020-00327-z · Cited by 91
“This has also been demonstrated using signal detection methodology where children with ADHD show a stronger preference (bias) for immediate over delayed reward when the total delay and size of rewards is the same across response alternatives (Tripp and Alsop 2001).”
MethodSelf-citationAbnormal striatal BOLD responses to reward anticipation and reward delivery in ADHD
Furukawa, E., Bado, P., Tripp, G., Mattos, P., Wickens, J. R., Bramati, I. E., Alsop, B., Ferreira, F. M., Lima, D., Tovar-Moll, F., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089129 · Cited by 90
“The failure of anticipatory dopamine would explain some of the behavioral results reported in the literature including: a stronger preference for immediate over delayed reward [32], [90], poorer performance when reward is not continuous [91], and the need for consistent and immediate reward for shaping behavior [92] a…”
MethodResultSelf-citationDoidge, J., Flora, D. B., & Toplak, M. E. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718815588 · Cited by 94
Bryant, A., Guy, J., The CALM Team, & Holmes, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587821 · Cited by 102
“Executive function impairments are also implicated in both hyperactivity (Tripp and Alsop, 2001; Willcutt et al., 2005; Castellanos et al., 2006) and anxiety (Russell, 2003; Gotlib and Joorman, 2010; Crocker et al., 2013; Sharp et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSiesser, W. B., Zhao, J., Miller, L. R., Cheng, S.-Y., & McDonald, M. P. (2005) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2005.00161.x · Cited by 88
“…and is considered a measure of impulsive behavior (Mischel & Gilligan 1964; Rapport et al. 1986; Schweitzer & Sulzer-Azaroff 1988; Mischel et al. 1989; Sonuga-Barke et al. 1992; Richards et al. 1999a, 1999b; Tripp & Alsop 2001; de Wit et al. 2002; Farrar et al. 2003; Sonuga-Barke et al. 2003).”
BackgroundAre ADHD Symptoms Associated With Delay Aversion or Choice Impulsivity? A General Population Study
Paloyelis, Y., Asherson, P., & Kuntsi, J. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181ab8c97 · Cited by 82
Marx, I., Hübner, T., Herpertz, S. C., Berger, C., Reuter, E., Kircher, T., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., & Konrad, K. (2010) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-009-0345-3 · Cited by 81
“When delay is unavoidable, children with ADHD choose an immediate reward with a subsequent delay (post-reward delay) rather than a delay that is followed by the reward (pre-reward delay), a finding that underlines the preference for immediacy (Tripp and Alsop 2001).”
BackgroundThe role of the nucleus accumbens core in impulsive choice, timing, and reward processing.
Galtress, T., & Kirkpatrick, K. (2010) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0018464 · Cited by 77
“…attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Barkley, Edwards, Laneri, Fletcher, & Metevia, 2001; Kuntsi, Oosterlaan, & Stevenson, 2001; Luman, Oosterlaan, & Sergeant, 2005; Schweitzer & Sulzer-Azaroff, 1995; Solonto et al., 2001; Sonuga-Barke, Taylor, Sembi, & Smith, 1992; Tripp & Alsop, 2001).”
Mechanisms of impulsive choice: II. Time-based interventions to improve self-control
Smith, A. P., Marshall, A. T., & Kirkpatrick, K. (2015) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2014.10.010 · Cited by 79
van Meel, C. S., Heslenfeld, D. J., Oosterlaan, J., Luman, M., & Sergeant, J. A. (2011) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02352.x · Cited by 78
“They also seem to be more governed by responses for which they were last rewarded, instead of their reinforcement history (Tripp & Alsop, 1999, 2001).”
BackgroundThe quick delay questionnaire: a measure of delay aversion and discounting in adults
Clare, S., Helps, S. K., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2010) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-010-0020-4 · Cited by 74
“They also show altered attentional/behavioural responses to signals of immediate rewards ( Tripp and Alsop 2001 ) and cues of delay (Sonuga-Barke et al. 2004).”
BackgroundDesman, C., Petermann, F., & Hampel, P. (2008) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297040701625831 · Cited by 73
“For example, Tripp and Alsop (2001) found that children with ADHD try to maximize their immediate reward and avoid reward delay.”
BackgroundHyperfocusing as a dimension of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Ozel-Kizil, E. T., Kokurcan, A., Aksoy, U. M., Kanat, B. B., Sakarya, D., Baştuğ, G., Çolak, B., Altunöz, U., Kirici, S., Demirbaş, H., et al. (2016) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2016.09.016 · Cited by 91
Strand, M. T., Hawk, L. W., Bubnik, M., Shiels, K., Pelham, W. E., & Waxmonsky, J. G. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9627-6 · Cited by 67
Ma, I., van Duijvenvoorde, A. C. K., & Scheres, A. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.01.001 · Cited by 71
Neurocognitive Performance in Children with ADHD and OCD
Vloet, T. D., Marx, I., Kahraman-Lanzerath, B., Zepf, F. D., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., & Konrad, K. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9422-1 · Cited by 58
“In this respect, most studies found a positive association between symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and DA (Thorell 2007; Tripp and Alsop 2001; Wahlstedt et al. 2009), while others found a positive association between hyperactivity/ impulsivity, as well as inattentive symptoms and DA (Sonuga-Barke 2003; Wahlstedt…”
BackgroundREWARD LEARNING IN PEDIATRIC DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS IN A HIGH-RISK SAMPLE
Morris, B. H., Bylsma, L. M., Yaroslavsky, I., Kovács, M., & Rottenberg, J. A. (2015) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22358 · Cited by 61
“Prior studies have found similar levels of overall response bias in ADHD and controls,[41] but have identified more subtle group differences suggestive of enhanced response bias toward immediate versus delayed rewards.[42] Future studies with more fine-grained analyses of reward functioning among ADHD youth are needed.”
D4 receptor deficiency in mice has limited effects on impulsivity and novelty seeking
Helms, C. M., Gubner, N. R., Wilhelm, C., Mitchell, S. H., & Grandy, D. K. (2008) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2008.03.013 · Cited by 58
Dellu-Hagedorn, F. (2006) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-2-10 · Cited by 63
Musser, E. D., & Raiker, J. S. (2019) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.12.016 · Cited by 66
Transdiagnostic neuroimaging of reward system phenotypes in ADHD and comorbid disorders
Grimm, O., van Rooij, D., Hoogman, M., Klein, M., Buitelaar, J. K., Franke, B., Reif, A., & Plichta, M. M. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.025 · Cited by 62
“Adolescents with ADHD also show lower rewardanticipatory neural activity (Scheres et al., 2007) and there is behavioural evidence compatible with alterations of reinforcement sensitivity (Tripp and Alsop, 2001, 1999).”
BackgroundGarcia, A., & Kirkpatrick, K. (2012) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.10.017 · Cited by 58
“…the SS choice, even when choosing that option may be less profitable, indicating increased impulsive choice behavior [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44], however Scheres et al. [45] did not report any differences in impulsive choice between an ADHD sample and…”
BackgroundSteep temporal reward discounting in ADHD-Combined type: Acting upon feelings
Scheres, A., Tontsch, C., & Thoeny, A. L. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.12.007 · Cited by 59
Adriani, W., Canese, R., Podo, F., & Laviola, G. (2006) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2006.11.010 · Cited by 56
Delisle, J., & Braun, C. M. J. (2011) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acr043 · Cited by 49
Bourchtein, E., Langberg, J. M., Owens, J. S., Evans, S. W., & Perera, R. A. (2017) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0248-3 · Cited by 49
“Given that youth with ADHD are more likely to respond to immediate rather than delayed rewards (Tripp and Alsop 2001), they also may be more likely to consider more recent events when rating their competence, whereas their parents may be rating more stable and general levels of competence.”
BackgroundINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN IMPULSIVE CHOICE AND TIMING IN RATS
Galtress, T., Garcia, A., & Kirkpatrick, K. (2012) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2012.98-65 · Cited by 49
“…2001; Luman, Oosterlaan, & Sergeant, 2005; Schweitzer & Sulzer-Azaroff, 1995; Solonto et al., 2001; Sonuga-Barke, Taylor, Sembi, & Smith, 1992; Tripp & Alsop, 2001), pathological gambling (Dixon, et al., 2006; Dixon, et al., 2003) and poor financial planning (Angeletos, Laibson, Repetto,…”
Logical fallacies in animal model research
Sjoberg, E. A. (2017) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/s12993-017-0121-8 · Cited by 54
Bitsakou, P., Antrop, I., Wiersema, J. R., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.06.031 · Cited by 45
Scheres, A., Sumiya, M., & Thoeny, A. L. (2010) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.309 · Cited by 44
“…used single-choice paradigms such as the Choice Delay Task (CDT) (Sonuga-Barke et al., 1992; Antrop et al., 2006; Kuntsi et al., 2001; Schweitzer and Sulzer-Azaroff, 1995; Solanto et al., 2001; Tripp and Alsop, 2001) and found evidence for this notion [see Luman et al. (2005) for a review).”
MethodAnimal models to guide clinical drug development in ADHD: lost in translation?
Wickens, J. R., Hyland, B. I., & Tripp, G. (2011) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01412.x · Cited by 45
“Experimental tests have supported the hypothesis that children with ADHD exhibit a greater than normal tendency to prefer immediate reinforcers (Tripp and Alsop, 2001), or related to this, a tendency to choose smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards (Sonuga-Barke et al., 1992; Antrop…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationSocial Discounting and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Boys
Sharp, C., Barr, G. D. I., Ross, D., Bhimani, R. D., Ha, C., & Vuchinich, R. E. (2011) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.719 · Cited by 43
“…Fletcher, & Metevia, 2001; Kuntsi, Oosterlaan, & Stevenson, 2001; Schweitzer & Sulzer-Azaroff, 1995; Solanto et al., 2001; Sonuga-Barke, Taylor, Sembi, & Smith, 1992; Tripp & Alsop, 2001; for a review, see Luman, Oosterlaan, & Sergeant, 2005), indicating greater impulsivity in these children.”
van den Hoofdakker, B. J., Nauta, M. H., Dijck-Brouwer, J., van der Veen‐Mulders, L., Sytema, S., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Minderaa, R. B., & Hoekstra, P. J. (2011) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026564 · Cited by 45
Tenenbaum, R. B., Musser, E. D., Raiker, J. S., Coles, E. K., Gnagy, E. M., & Pelham, W. E. (2018) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-017-0343-0 · Cited by 44
“…reward sensitivity, indexed by a preference for small immediate compared to larger delayed rewards, across tasks including: signal detection (Tripp and Alsop 2001), delay discounting (Bitsakou et al. 2009; Marco et al. 2009; SonugaBarke et al. 1992; Wilson et al. 2010), and risk taking…”
InfluentialThoma, V. K., Schulz-Zhecheva, Y., Oser, C., Fleischhaker, C., Biscaldi, M., & Klein, C. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718802014 · Cited by 54
“…perseverance and motivation are influenced largely by one’s sense of achievement, whereas ADHD is linked to reward-motivation deficits and inability to delay gratification (Douglas & Parry, 1983, 1994; Rapport, Tucker, DuPaul, Merlo, & Stoner, 1986; Shimoni et al., 2010; Tripp & Alsop, 2001).”
BackgroundOrtiz, N., Parsons, A., Whelan, R., Brennan, K., Agan, M., O'Connell, R., Bramham, J., & Garavan, H. (2015) · Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis · doi:10.55782/ane-2015-2038 · Cited by 40
“Past studies of delay aversion (for very short delays) have shown robust differences between persons with ADHD and controls (Sonuga-Barke et al. 1992, Tripp and Alsop 2001, Scheres et al. 2010).”
BackgroundPauli‐Pott, U., & Becker, K. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.011 · Cited by 39
Umemoto, A., Lukie, C. N., Kerns, K. A., Müller, U., & Holroyd, C. B. (2014) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-014-0298-3 · Cited by 41
“…& Kerns, 2003), especially to the consistency of reward delivery (Douglas & Parry, 1994) and to recent rewards, which strongly impacts their behavior, due to a failure to integrate their previous reward history over time (SonugaBarke, Taylor, Sembi, & Smith, 1992; Tripp & Alsop, 1999, 2001).”
BackgroundOrduña, V., Valencia-Torres, L., & Bouzas, A. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.02.016 · Cited by 40
Puppets, robots, critics, and actors within a taxonomy of attention for developmental disorders
Dennis, M., Sinopoli, K. J., Fletcher, J. M., & Schachar, R. J. (2008) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617708080983 · Cited by 36
Sutherland, K. R., Alsop, B., McNaughton, N., Hyland, B. I., Tripp, G., & Wickens, J. R. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.07.011 · Cited by 38
Self-citationMies, G. W., de Water, E., Wiersema, J. R., & Scheres, A. (2018) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2018.1508563 · Cited by 33
A Computational Analysis of Aberrant Delay Discounting in Psychiatric Disorders
Story, G. W., Moutoussis, M., & Dolan, R. J. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01948 · Cited by 35
“…5 January 2016 | Volume 6 | Article 1948 death, and its associated opportunity cost, is likely incorporated through evolution, whereby internal states deviating from a homeostatic ideal, such as hunger and thirst, are assigned an innate cost as a proxy (see Keramati and Gutkin, 2011).”
BackgroundBolden, J., Rapport, M. D., Raiker, J. S., Sarver, D. E., & Kofler, M. J. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9619-6 · Cited by 34
“This conclusion is consistent also with the surprising number of failures to replicate delay aversion deficits in ADHD (e.g., Karalunas and Huang-Pollock 2011; Schweitzer and Sulzer-Azaroff 1995; Solanto et al. 2007; Tripp and Alsop 2001), combined with previous findings that children with ADHD do not evince increased…”
ResultReinforcement, Dopamine and Rodent Models in Drug Development for ADHD
Tripp, G., & Wickens, J. R. (2012) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0132-y · Cited by 36
“[10]) indicate that children with ADHD show relatively strong preferences for smaller immediate in comparison with larger delayed reinforcers, thus demonstrating greater reinforcer delay discounting [41–53].”
BackgroundSelf-citationCognitive Deficits in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Long-Term Follow-Up.
Douglas, V. I. (2005) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/h0085821 · Cited by 39
Sazonova, N., Dasbanerjee, T., Middleton, F. A., Gowtham, S., Schuckers, S., & Faraone, S. (2011) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.31230 · Cited by 20
“Like ADHD children (Tripp and Alsop, 1999, 2001; Scheres et al., 2007), these animals showed greater aversion toward delayed or reduced rewards.”
BackgroundDir, A. L., Hummer, T. A., Aalsma, M. C., & Hulvershorn, L. A. (2019) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100634 · Cited by 31
“Those with ADHD/DBD are already prone to heightened reward sensitivity (Tripp and Alsop, 2001), and these results emphasize how pubertal effects may further exacerbate reward sensitivity, thus increasing vulnerability for risky decision-making during this developmental period.”
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Daley, D., Thompson, M. J. J., & Swanson, J. (2003) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.3.4.465 · Cited by 27
Nigg, J. T. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy314 · Cited by 41
Neurociencia afectiva del TDAH: Datos existentes y direcciones futuras
López‐Martín, S., Albert, J., Fernández‐Jaén, A., & Carretié, L. (2010) · Escritos de Psicología / Psychological Writings · doi:10.24310/espsiescpsi.v3i2.13338 · Cited by 20
Positive emotional attention bias in young children with symptoms of ADHD
Cremone, A., Lugo-Candelas, C. I., Harvey, E. A., McDermott, J. M., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2018) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2018.1426743 · Cited by 23
“Relative to TD children, those with ADHD have heightened levels of reward sensitivity (Tripp & Alsop, 2001) as well as greater rates of externalizing behaviors (Jensen et al., 2001).”
BackgroundHorsley, R. R., & Cassaday, H. J. (2006) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881106067381 · Cited by 22
“Studies in humans have shown that participants with ADHD show a greater bias (than controls) for smaller immediate rewards compared to larger rewards in the long term (Rapport et al., 1986; Sonuga-Barke et al., 1992; Tripp and Alsop, 2001).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Tripp, G., & Alsop, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Otago (NZ)
- ORCID
- Tripp, G.
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-07
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 691-698
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2137632400
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 2.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, delayed rewards, immediate rewards, response bias, signal detection, discriminability, children, impulsivity, response latency
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Reward, Time Factors, Case-Control Studies, Signal Detection, Psychological
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