Gut microbiota and gastrointestinal health: current concepts and future directions
Abstract
Background The microbial community of the human gut – the enteric microbiota – plays a critical role in functions that sustain health and is a positive asset in host defenses. In recent years, our understanding of this so‐called human ‘super organism’ has advanced, following characterization of fecal metagenomes which identified three core bacterial enterotypes, and based on basic and clinical research into the impact and consequences of microbiota biodiversity and change on gastrointestinal disorders and diseases. Purpose This article considers current knowledge and future perspectives on the make‐up and function of human gut microbiota, with a particular focus on altered microbiota and gastrointestinal disorders, nutritional influences on the gut microbiota, and the consequences for gastrointestinal health, as well as improved understanding of gut‐microbiota–brain communication.
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Treatment with antibiotics transiently alters the microbiota composition, providing the niche in which Clostridium difficile can expand.
“Treatment with antibiotics transiently alters the microbiota composition, providing the niche in which this pathogen can expand [20] .”
From Intestinal microbiota in health and disease: Role of bifidobacteria in gut homeostasis (2014) · cites this paper as [20]
As the gut microbiota has a well-established role in host homeostasis, several highly prevalent gastrointestinal diseases have been associated with shifts, or imbalances, in microbiota composition (dysbiosis) and function, as well as in microbiota-host interactions.
“As the gut microbiota has a well-established role in host homeostasis, several highly prevalent gastrointestinal diseases have been associated with shifts, or imbalances, in microbiota composition (dysbiosis) and function, as well as in microbiota-host interactions [20,21] .”
From Intestinal microbiota in health and disease: Role of bifidobacteria in gut homeostasis (2014) · cites this paper as [20]
Dysfunctions in GABA-signaling are linked to anxiety, depression, defects in synaptogenesis, and cognitive impairments.
“Dysfunctions in GABA-signaling are linked to anxiety and depression, defects in synaptogenesis and cognitive impairments (Aziz et al., 2013; Mitew et al., 2013).”
From Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Metabolic Status in Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind and Controlled Trial (2016) · cites this paper as Aziz et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Aziz, Q., Doré, J., Emmanuel, A., Guarner, F., & Quigley, E. M. M.
- Affiliations
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari (ES)
- University College Cork (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Aziz, Q.
- Venue
- Neurogastroenterology & Motility
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-12-20
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4-15
- ISSN
- 1350-1925 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2982
- OpenAlex
- W1759131233
- Cited by
- 280
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 17
- FWCI
- 1.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurogastroenterology & Motility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Danone
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, gut health, enteric microbiota, enterotypes, fecal metagenomics, microbiome diversity, gastrointestinal diseases, gut-brain signaling
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Gastrointestinal Tract, Metagenome
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