Dynamics of Oligodendrocyte Generation and Myelination in the Human Brain
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The myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes has been suggested to be modulated by experience, which could mediate neural plasticity by optimizing the performance of the circuitry. We have assessed the dynamics of oligodendrocyte generation and myelination in the human brain. The number of oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum is established in childhood and remains stable after that. Analysis of the integration of nuclear bomb test-derived (14)C revealed that myelin is exchanged at a high rate, whereas the oligodendrocyte population in white matter is remarkably stable in humans, with an annual exchange of 1/300 oligodendrocytes. We conclude that oligodendrocyte turnover contributes minimally to myelin modulation in human white matter and that this instead may be carried out by mature oligodendrocytes, which may facilitate rapid neural plasticity.
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Birth dating of oligodendrocytes by analysis of integrated nuclear bomb test-derived 14C revealed that few oligodendrocytes were newly generated in shadow plaques of multiple sclerosis patients.
“In addition, birth dating of oligodendrocytes by analysis of integrated nuclear bomb test-derived 14C revealed that few oligodendrocytes were newly generated in shadow plaques of MS patients”
From BCAS1-positive oligodendrocytes enable efficient cortical remyelination in multiple sclerosis (2025) · cites this paper as [22]
The sections “Turnover of myelin and white matter cells in humans” and “Turnover of oligodendrocytes in humans” describe birth dating with nuclear bomb test-derived ¹⁴C and limited oligodendrocyte turnover. They examine corpus callosum and other brain tissue, however; our copy does not report a finding about shadow plaques in multiple sclerosis patients. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBirth dating of oligodendrocytes by analysis of 14C integration provided evidence for the generation of only few new oligodendrocytes in the adult human corpus callosum.
“Birth dating of oligodendrocytes, by analysis of the integration of nuclear bomb test-derived14C into cells, provided evidence for the generation of only few new oligodendrocytes in the adult human corpus callosum (15), suggesting that adaptive myelination in the white matter of humans may be more limited as compared to mice.”
From BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions (2017) · cites this paper as [15]
Adaptive myelination in the white matter of humans may be more limited as compared to mice.
“Birth dating of oligodendrocytes, by analysis of the integration of nuclear bomb test-derived14C into cells, provided evidence for the generation of only few new oligodendrocytes in the adult human corpus callosum (15), suggesting that adaptive myelination in the white matter of humans may be more limited as compared to mice.”
From BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions (2017) · cites this paper as [15]
The number of oligodendrocytes in the white matter is largely established during the first years, whereas gray matter oligodendrocytes continue to be generated in adulthood.
“These data are in good agreement with the birth dating of oligodendrocytes by14C integration, which showed that the number of oligodendrocytes in the white matter is largely established during the first years, whereas gray matter oligodendrocytes continue to be generated in adulthood (15).”
From BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions (2017) · cites this paper as [15]
In the corpus callosum, oligodendrocyte numbers increase until age five and are stable thereafter, with little turnover after age five.
“In the corpus callosum, oligodendrocyte numbers increase until age 5 years and are stable thereafter; a study of nuclear bomb test-derived 14C suggest that there is little turnover of oligodendrocytes after age 5 years217.”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [217]
Myelination changes can occur over a period much shorter than the six-week intervention used here.
“These and other studies have shown that myelination changes can occur in a time frame much less than the six-week intervention used here (Yeung et al., 2014; Gibson et al., 2014).”
From Multi-modal characterization of rapid anterior hippocampal volume increase associated with aerobic exercise (2016) · cites this paper as Yeung et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Yeung, M. S. Y., Zdunek, S., Bergmann, O., Bernard, S., Salehpour, M., Alkass, K., Perl, S., Tisdale, J., Possnert, G., Brundin, L., Druid, H., & Frisén, J.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Frisén, Jonas
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-11
- Volume
- 159
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 766-774
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2044216636
- Cited by
- 541
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 26
- FWCI
- 13.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Cancerfonden
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- oligodendrocyte generation, myelination, corpus callosum, white matter, neuroplasticity, human brain development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Brain, Carbon Isotopes, Child, Child, Preschool, Corpus Callosum, Humans, Infant, Middle Aged, Myelin Sheath, Neuronal Plasticity, Oligodendroglia, Nuclear Weapons, Young Adult, White Matter
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