The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 7 of the 8 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions
Open accessAbstract
BCAS1 expression identifies newly formed and actively myelinating oligodendrocytes in development, adulthood, and disease.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
BCAS1 marks a transient population of newly formed, early myelinating oligodendrocytes in mouse and human brain that is distinct from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes. BCAS1+ cells are abundant during developmental myelination, persist in adult gray matter, and are reformed in a proportion of chronic multiple sclerosis lesions, including inactive lesions.
Key findings
- BCAS1+ cells are oligodendroglial but segregate from known stages: in mouse, 16.5 ± 2.8% overlapped with NG2+ OPCs, 76.2 ± 3.5% with CC1, and 47.5 ± 3.2% with MAG; in human newborn tissue, only 3.5 ± 1.4% overlapped with NG2, 0.6 ± 0.3% with TPPP/p25, and 0% with CC1.
- BCAS1+ cells are transient in mouse corpus callosum: after 10 days of EdU labeling, 65 ± 2.7% of BCAS1+ cells incorporated EdU, but only 7.7 ± 1.3% remained after a 40-day chase; in somatosensory cortex, EdU+/BCAS1+ cells were 12.1 ± 1.5% at +0 days and 17.9 ± 1.1% at +40 days.
- Human white matter BCAS1+ density peaked in newborns at 154.7 ± 20.8 cells/mm², fell to 16.8 ± 4.5 cells/mm² at 2–8 years and 6.8 ± 2.3 cells/mm² at 18–26 years; frontal cortex BCAS1+ density remained 30–90 cells/mm² throughout adult life.
- In mouse somatosensory cortex, BCAS1+ myelinating oligodendrocyte density was 715.5 ± 66.8 cells/mm³ at P40, 379 ± 11.9 at 4 months, 347.7 ± 26.6 at 7 months, and 71.2 ± 11.7 at 21 months; SILAC showed higher 13C-lysine incorporation into myelin proteins in 1- and 4-month-old mice than in 18- and 26-month-old mice.
- In MS tissue, completely demyelinated chronic lesions rarely contained BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes, whereas partially remyelinated lesions contained clusters highest at the lesion border and within remyelinating areas; BCAS1+ cells were also found in completely inactive lesions.
Methods
- The study combined antibody validation, immunofluorescence/confocal imaging, transgenic lineage tracing (NG2-CreERT2, PLP-CreERT2, Sox10-CreERT2 × Esco2fl/fl), EdU pulse-chase, lysolecithin- and cuprizone-induced demyelination models, human autopsy and MS lesion tissue, human iPSC-derived oligodendrocytes, and SILAC-based mass spectrometry.
- Quantitative analyses were performed blinded, with no outlier removal; statistics used GraphPad Prism 6, including Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality testing, t tests or Mann-Whitney tests, and one-way ANOVA with post hoc tests or Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparison tests.
Limitations
- Stated: human oligodendroglial morphology, metabolism, and function are less understood than in rodents; remyelination may operate on a different time scale and require additional cues in humans; lineage-tracing dynamics cannot be extrapolated to humans; the lifetime and cellular state of BCAS1+ cells in human brain and MS lesions are unknown, so whether they are newly formed or old cells locked in an intermediate state cannot be determined.
- Evident: human evidence is largely descriptive immunohistology, with newborn autopsy data from n = 3 and no direct human lineage tracing; the function of BCAS1 itself is unknown.
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Claims the paper makes
7 of 8 cited sources checked · 4 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“We examined our previously generated proteome database for oligodendrocyte specific proteins and noticed that BCAS1 was one of the most enriched proteins in oligodendrocytes (21).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1 expression identifies newly generated oligodendrocytes
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [21] Sharma K Schmitt S Bergner CG Tyanova S Kannaiyan N Manrique-Hoyos N Kongi K Cantuti L Hanisch U-K Philips M-A Rossner MJ Cell type- and brain region-resolved mouse brain proteome Nat Neurosci 2015 18 1819 1831 26523646 PMC7116867 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results section describes a cell-type-resolved proteome and ranks proteins by enrichment in oligodendrocytes, supporting the identification of the previously generated database. But the passages naming enriched proteins do not mention BCAS1, and searches for BCAS1 and its expanded name found no passage establishing that it was among the most enriched. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“A total of 17.1 ± 1.9% of these BCAS1+ cells displayed myelin segments with a patchy arrangement along the axons resembling the previously reported “intermittent myelin” of cortical pyramidal neurons (fig. S3B) (27).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ premyelinating and myelinating oligodendrocytes are present during development and in adult mice
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [27] Tomassy GS Berger DR Chen H-H Kasthuri N Hayworth KJ Vercelli A Seung HS Lichtman JW Arlotta P Distinct profiles of myelin distribution along single axons of pyramidal neurons in the neocortex Science 2014 344 319 324 24744380 PMC4122120 source
The paper reports intermittent myelination in layer II/III cortical pyramidal neurons, with myelinated axonal tracts intercalated with long unmyelinated segments (Fig. 2 and Fig. S3). The citation supports the comparison to that previously reported pattern; the 17.1 ± 1.9% figure describes the citing paper’s own BCAS1+ cells and is not attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Thus, older patients are likely to remain receptive to regenerative therapies, which is in line with the conclusions drawn from experimental mouse models (41).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [41] Ruckh JM Zhao J-W Shadrach JL van Wijngaarden P Rao TN Wagers AJ Franklin RJM Rejuvenation of regeneration in the aging central nervous system Cell Stem Cell 2012 10 96 103 22226359 PMC3714794 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion concludes that aged oligodendrocyte progenitor cells remain responsive to signals that promote repair and identifies them as potential targets for remyelination therapy, including in MS patients. The claim extends that conclusion from a specific CNS repair process to older patients’ receptiveness to regenerative therapies generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are reformed after experimental demyelination and found in a proportion of chronic white matter lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) even in a subset of patients with advanced disease.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, immunostainings of the somatosensory cortex of adult wild-type mice showed that BCAS1+ myelinating oligodendrocytes were only positive for MAG and negative for PLP and that only few (17.7 ± 4.3%) expressed myelin basic protein (MBP), supporting our hypothesis that these cells constitute a distinct population of oligodendrocytes (fig. S3, D to G).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ premyelinating and myelinating oligodendrocytes are present during development and in adult mice
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The remaining cells were more differentiated, as shown by their reactivity with antibodies against mature oligodendrocytes such as adenomatous polyposis coli protein (76.2 ± 3.5% of overlap) (Fig. 1C; anti-adenomatous polyposis coli antibody, clone CC1) and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG; 47.5 ± 3.2% of overlap), a protein involved in oligodendrocyte and axon contact (Fig. 1C).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1 expression identifies newly generated oligodendrocytes
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas all of the GFP+ premyelinating oligodendrocytes also showed immunoreactivity against BCAS1, most of the BCAS1+ premyelinating cells (70.5 ± 8.1% at P9 and 76.3 ± 1.7% at P14) did not express GFP, demonstrating that BCAS1 is expressed in a larger population of newly formed oligodendrocytes in the somatosensory cortex at both P9 and P14 (Fig. 2B).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ premyelinating and myelinating oligodendrocytes are present during development and in adult mice
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When the analysis was performed in the adult somatosensory cortex (at 4 months), we found that all BCAS1+ premyelinating oligodendrocytes were negative for GFP, suggesting that the previously identified PLP+ premyelinating oligodendrocytes constitute a subpopulation (29.5 ± 8.1% at P9,23.7 ± 1.7% at P14, and 0% at 4 months) of oligodendrocytes present only during development (Fig. 2B).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ premyelinating and myelinating oligodendrocytes are present during development and in adult mice
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We find that breast carcinoma amplified sequence 1 (BCAS1) expression identifies an oligodendroglial subpopulation in the mouse and human brain.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are reformed after experimental demyelination and found in a proportion of chronic white matter lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) even in a subset of patients with advanced disease.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 8
- It may state two separate claims as one. 39
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Birth dating of oligodendrocytes, by analysis of the integration of nuclear bomb test-derived14C into cells, provided evidence for the generation of only few new oligodendrocytes in the adult human corpus callosum (15), suggesting that adaptive myelination in the white matter of humans may be more limited as compared to mice.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [15] Yeung MSY Zdunek S Bergmann O Bernard S Salehpour M Alkass K Perl S Tisdale J Possnert G Brundin L Druid H Dynamics of oligodendrocyte generation and myelination in the human brain Cell 2014 159 766 774 25417154 source
The “Turnover of oligodendrocytes in humans” section reports carbon dating of oligodendrocyte DNA from the corpus callosum and finds that many cells persisted for decades. The section on oligodendrocyte number established in childhood estimates replacement of only 1 in 300 oligodendrocytes per year after age five. The supplied passages have no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“BCAS1 was originally identified as mRNA amplified in human cancer cell lines (17), but recent transcriptome studies have shown that it is also highly expressed in the brain and, more specifically, in oligodendrocytes (18).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Introduction
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [18] Zhang Y Chen K Sloan SA Bennett ML Scholze AR O’Keeffe S Phatnani HP Guarnieri P Caneda C Ruderisch N Deng S An RNA-sequencing transcriptome and splicing database of glia, neurons, and vascular cells of the cerebral cortex J Neurosci 2014 34 11929 11947 25186741 PMC4152602 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction and Abstract describe RNA-sequencing of mouse brain cell types, including oligodendrocytes, but the retrieved passages do not report BCAS1 expression. Searches for “BCAS1,” “Bcas1,” and its expanded name found no passage establishing that it is highly expressed in the brain or enriched in oligodendrocytes. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Birth dating of oligodendrocytes, by analysis of the integration of nuclear bomb test-derived14C into cells, provided evidence for the generation of only few new oligodendrocytes in the adult human corpus callosum (15), suggesting that adaptive myelination in the white matter of humans may be more limited as compared to mice.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [15] Yeung MSY Zdunek S Bergmann O Bernard S Salehpour M Alkass K Perl S Tisdale J Possnert G Brundin L Druid H Dynamics of oligodendrocyte generation and myelination in the human brain Cell 2014 159 766 774 25417154 source
The citation is attached to the finding that few new oligodendrocytes are generated in the adult human corpus callosum. The Highlights and “Different oligodendrocyte generation rates in mice and humans” report very limited turnover in human white matter and a much lower generation rate than in mice. The suggestion that adaptive myelination may be more limited is the citing authors’ inference, not a finding directly attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.92)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“These data are in good agreement with the birth dating of oligodendrocytes by14C integration, which showed that the number of oligodendrocytes in the white matter is largely established during the first years, whereas gray matter oligodendrocytes continue to be generated in adulthood (15).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Discussion
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [15] Yeung MSY Zdunek S Bergmann O Bernard S Salehpour M Alkass K Perl S Tisdale J Possnert G Brundin L Druid H Dynamics of oligodendrocyte generation and myelination in the human brain Cell 2014 159 766 774 25417154 source
The section on corpus callosum oligodendrocyte numbers says their final complement is largely determined by around age five. The section on turnover dynamics says gray-matter oligodendrocyte numbers continue expanding until the fourth decade of life, based on ¹⁴C modeling. Page numbers are not available in the supplied copy. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We find that BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are restricted to the fetal and early postnatal human white matter but remain in the cortical gray matter until old age.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, BCAS1+ cells were abundant in the fimbria at P7 and decreased until P21 (fig. S4, A to C).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ premyelinating and myelinating oligodendrocytes are present during development and in adult mice
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When we analyzed the corpus callosum and the fimbria hippocampi, a further prominent white matter tract, we found a significant increase in ENPP6+ cell bodies from P0 to P7 in the fimbria (P = 0.0291) and a significant decrease until P21 (P = 0.0405).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ premyelinating and myelinating oligodendrocytes are present during development and in adult mice
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence, we found BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes to be distinct from NG2+oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, PLP+ premyelinating oligodendrocytes, and mature oligodendrocytes.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are largely restricted to the fetal and early postnatal human white matter but are numerous in the gray matter until old age
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In human tissue, ENPP6 colocalized with NG2 (74.4 ± 5.3%), and the overlap with BCAS1 was limited (12.2 ± 3.8%; fig. S11, B to F).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are largely restricted to the fetal and early postnatal human white matter but are numerous in the gray matter until old age
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BCAS1+ cells started to appear in the white matter at a gestational age of 17 to 27 weeks (37 ± 1.7 cells/mm2) and reached their highest values in newborns (154.7 ± 20.8 cells/mm2) before dropping to 16.8 ± 4.5 cells/mm2 in 2- to 8-year-old children. Their density reached 6.8 ± 2.3 cells/mm2 in 18- to 26-year-old individuals and remained low until old age (83 to 90 years old) (Fig. 5C).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are largely restricted to the fetal and early postnatal human white matter but are numerous in the gray matter until old age
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we quantified the amount of NG2+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the white matter and found that the number of NG2+ cells also peaked in newborns (260 ± 57.3 cells/mm2), but in contrast to BCAS1+ cells, the density of NG2+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells remained stable (166 ± 24 cells/mm2) throughout life into old age (Fig. 5C and fig. S12).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are largely restricted to the fetal and early postnatal human white matter but are numerous in the gray matter until old age
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the number of GFP+/BCAS1+ myelinating oligodendrocytes cells remained stable at 6 weeks after induction (Fig. 3G), we found a marked reduction in the number of GFP+/BCAS1+ premyelinating oligodendrocytes (reduction from 92.1 ± 3.1% in control to 29.5 ± 1.3% in the knockout; fig. S8C) and GFP+/ BCAS1+ myelinating oligodendrocytes (reduction from 97.6 ± 2.4% in control to 13.9 ± 7.3% in the”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ cells represent a transient population of oligodendrocytes
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BCAS1 is a relatively short-lived protein with a lifetime of ~18 days [~155 days for MBP and ~188 days for PLP (calculations from our in vivo SILAC experiments); see Materials and Methods] that resides in the cytosolic spaces of oligodendrocytes and myelin and is down-regulated with differentiation.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Discussion
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, we found an increase in the number of EdU+/CC1+ in BCAS1- cells at day 18 (but not significant at day 40), indicating their differentiation into a stable population of oligodendrocytes (Fig. 3D).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ cells represent a transient population of oligodendrocytes
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BCAS1+ cells coexpressed OLIG2 and SOX10, suggesting oligodendroglial origin (Fig. 5, A and B).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are largely restricted to the fetal and early postnatal human white matter but are numerous in the gray matter until old age
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BCAS1 immunoreactivity is first seen in the soma but later appears in newly formed myelin sheaths”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BCAS1 was virtually excluded from the compacted myelin-like membrane sheets but remained at low levels in the cytosol-enriched, noncompacted areas (fig. S5C).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ cells represent a transient population of oligodendrocytes
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The density of the BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes was highest at the lesion border and within the remyelinating areas but low in the lesion core”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are reformed in a proportion of chronic white matter lesions in MS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, higher densities of BCAS1+ cells were identified already at P0 (in the fimbria), and BCAS1+ cells continued to be more abundant as compared to ENPP6+ cells in the corpus callosum and fimbria at P7 and in the corpus callosum at P21.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ premyelinating and myelinating oligodendrocytes are present during development and in adult mice
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found that BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes were not only found in lesions with ongoing inflammatory and/or demyelinating activity but also in completely inactive lesions (Fig. 8, C and D)”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are reformed in a proportion of chronic white matter lesions in MS
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the calculation of the13C/12C-lysine ratios revealed that the metabolism of neurofilaments had reached steady state in 4-month-old animals and remained at similar level throughout the life, we found that this was not the case for myelin proteins.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > Myelination continues into adulthood but declines in aged mice
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When we performed colabeling with markers for mature oligodendrocytes, tubulin polymerization promoting protein (TPPP/p25), and CC1, only very limited (0.6 ± 0.3% for TPPP/p25) or no overlap (0% for CC1), was seen (Fig. 5, A and B).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are largely restricted to the fetal and early postnatal human white matter but are numerous in the gray matter until old age
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are also distinct from TPPP/p25+ and CC1+ mature human oligodendrocytes but overlap fully with SOX10 and OLIG2”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When similar experiments were performed in the somatosensory cortex, we observed that only 12.1 ± 1.5% of the BCAS1+ cells incorporated EdU after 10 days of administration (+0 days; Fig. 3C). In contrast to the corpus callosum, the fraction of EdU+/BCAS1+ cells increased slightly to 17.9 ± 1.1% after 40 days of a chase (+40 days; Fig. 3C).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ cells represent a transient population of oligodendrocytes
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas a fraction of the BCAS1+ cells represent oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in mice, as determined by NG2 colabeling, the overlap is less than 5% in humans.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BCAS1+ myelinating oligodendrocytes were found at a density of 715.5 ± 66.8 cells/mm3 in young (P40) mice and remained as an abundant cell population in the adult mice (4 and 7 months of age), where they were found in the somatosensory cortex at a density of 379 ± 11.9 cells/mm3 (4 months) and 347.7 ± 26.6 cells/mm3 (7 months; Fig. 4A) and in the frontal cortex at a density of206.4 ± 57.8 cells/mm”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > Myelination continues into adulthood but declines in aged mice
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
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In the paper
“We observed that BCAS1+ cells decreased in the first week of feeding but already started to increase at week 3 and reached their highest densities at week 4, coinciding with remyelination (Fig. 6, C and D).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are reformed in a proportion of chronic white matter lesions in MS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As in mice, BCAS1+ cell bodies were not labeled with antibodies against PLP, whereas some cellswere stainedwith antibodies against MAG (9.8 ± 2.4% of overlap) and MBP (7.5 ± 1.4% of”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are largely restricted to the fetal and early postnatal human white matter but are numerous in the gray matter until old age
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We determined the fraction of cells with a myelinating morphology (segments aligned in parallel) and found the highest density in the 1- to 2-year-old individuals (36.7 ± 4.3% of all BCAS1+ cells), followed by the 6- to 16-year-old individuals (17.3 ± 4.9%), and 2 to 4% in the 38- to 40-year-old and 57- to 60-year-old individuals (Fig. 5G).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are largely restricted to the fetal and early postnatal human white matter but are numerous in the gray matter until old age
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found that BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are formed in the fetal and newborn brain, largely disappear from the adult white matter, and are reformed in MS lesions.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The number of BCAS1+ cells also declines in the white matter of adult mice, but in contrast to humans, they were present in relatively high density into adulthood before dropping to very low levels in old age.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These cells are newly formed, myelinating oligodendrocytes that segregate from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes and mark regions of active myelin formation in development and in the adult.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“On average, in MS, only 20% of patients display efficient (above 60%) remyelination of lesions as shown by histochemistry in areas of pale myelin stain called “shadow plaques” (16).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16] Patrikios P Stadelmann C Kutzelnigg A Rauschka H Schmidbauer M Laursen H Sorensen PS Brück W Lucchinetti C Lassmann H Remyelination is extensive in a subset of multiple sclerosis patients Brain 2006 129 3165 3172 16921173 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, BCAS1+ cells represent a population of oligodendrocytes that are at an intermediate state of differentiation, segregating from both oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ premyelinating and myelinating oligodendrocytes are present during development and in adult mice
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, the high ratios of13C-/12C-lysines in myelin proteins are consistent with prominent myelination at 1 month, still active myelination in 4-month-old mice but reduced myelin protein synthesis in aged mice.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > Myelination continues into adulthood but declines in aged mice
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When we quantified the density of GFP+ cells in the somatosensory cortex of tamoxifen-treated transgenic animals, we found that the number of GFP+ oligodendrocytes labeled 18 days after tamoxifen injection did not change over the 11 months of chase, suggesting that developmentally born myelinating oligodendrocytes survive into late adulthood and expand their myelin sheaths (fig. S10, E and F).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > Myelination continues into adulthood but declines in aged mice
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, BCAS1+ cells constitute a transient cell population in the corpus callosum but not in the cortex.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ cells represent a transient population of oligodendrocytes
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results suggested that generation of myelinating oligodendrocytes continues into adulthood but declines in aged mice.”
- Also stated in: § Myelination continues into adulthood but declines in aged mice · hedged
“Thus, our SILAC-based quantification provides further evidence that myelination continues into adulthood but declines in aged mice.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > Myelination continues into adulthood but declines in aged mice
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Myelination continues into adulthood but declines in aged mice · hedged
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our results suggest that, in contrast to NG2+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, BCAS1+ cells are a transient cell population preferentially expressed during the active phase of myelination in the human white matter.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are largely restricted to the fetal and early postnatal human white matter but are numerous in the gray matter until old age
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggesting that recruitment of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and stimulation of remyelination are at least in part independent of lesion activity.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are reformed in a proportion of chronic white matter lesions in MS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We therefore conclude that in the cortex, BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes also represent a transient cell population being continuously generated from proliferating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, albeit with a much longer lifetime as compared to the corpus callosum.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ cells represent a transient population of oligodendrocytes
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At P7, BCAS1+ cells coexpressing MAG were found to be more abundant than ENPP6+/MAG+ cells, indicating that myelin protein expression starts earlier in BCAS1+ cells (fig. S4, D and E).”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Results > BCAS1+ premyelinating and myelinating oligodendrocytes are present during development and in adult mice
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The quantitative analyses were performed blinded.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Material and Methods > Study design
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this difference is possibly attributed to differences in the expression pattern of CC1 in mice and human.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No outlier removal was performed.”
§ BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions > Material and Methods > Study design
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
No molecular marker exists that allows discrimination of myelinated from remyelinated axons, and ongoing myelination is difficult to detect, so it has not been possible to determine whether new myelin sheaths are formed in chronically demyelinated MS lesions.
“Currently, no molecular marker exists that allows the discrimination of myelinated from remyelinated axons, and ongoing myelination is notoriously difficult to detect; consequently, it has thus far not been possible to determine whether new myelin sheaths are formed in chronically demyelinated MS lesions.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Failure of remyelination contributes to disease progression in MS.
“Because failure of remyelination contributes to disease progression in MS, remyelinating oligodendrocytes might represent an important drug target.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Whether and how brain activity modulates myelin changes is not well understood.
“However, human studies are often based on magnetic resonance imaging, which does not provide direct information on myelin; therefore, whether and how brain activity modulates myelin changes is not well understood.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Human studies of white matter changes upon learning and training are often based on magnetic resonance imaging, which does not provide direct information on myelin.
“However, human studies are often based on magnetic resonance imaging, which does not provide direct information on myelin; therefore, whether and how brain activity modulates myelin changes is not well understood.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Remyelinating oligodendrocytes might represent an important drug target in MS.
“Because failure of remyelination contributes to disease progression in MS, remyelinating oligodendrocytes might represent an important drug target.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The typical chronological sequence of myelination in the human white matter is established.
“the established typical chronological sequence of myelination in the white matter”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Myelin maintenance in white matter is actively regulated by the continuous proliferation and maturation of oligodendrocytes derived from progenitor cells throughout adulthood. 24 , 25”
From Apolipoprotein ε4 exacerbates white matter impairment in a mouse model of Aβ amyloidosis by decreasing actively myelinating oligodendrocytes (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are Olig2+ but do not express markers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (e.g. NG2) and mature oligodendrocytes (e.g. CC1 or p25/TTTP), thus representing an intermediate stage of oligodendrocyte differentiation.”
From BCAS1-positive oligodendrocytes enable efficient cortical remyelination in multiple sclerosis (2025) · cites this paper as [29]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“To quantify BCAS1+ cell morphology, a blinded observer categorized BCAS1+ cells as either ‘early‐myelinating’ (possessing multiple processes) or ‘pre‐myelinating’ (possessing few processes) as previously described (Fard et al. 2017; Bergner et al. 2024).”
From Depletion of Microglia Increases Cortical Oligodendrocyte Density During Remyelination (2026) · cites this paper as Fard et al. 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Fard et al. also reported a significant decrease in the BCAS-1 cell number with cuprizone administration [20].”
From Multifaceted response of microglia in the cuprizone model of demyelination (2026) · cites this paper as [20]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“BCAS1‐positive oligodendrocytes serve as a marker for these actively myelinating oligodendrocytes and are distinct from both oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes. 25”
From Apolipoprotein ε4 exacerbates white matter impairment in a mouse model of Aβ amyloidosis by decreasing actively myelinating oligodendrocytes (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Brain-enriched myelin-associated protein 1 (BCAS1) identifies oligodendrocyte lineage cells in the stage of active myelin formation in development and regeneration.”
From BCAS1-positive oligodendrocytes enable efficient cortical remyelination in multiple sclerosis (2025) · cites this paper as [29]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Other than in the white matter, BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are maintained at high densities in the cortex throughout life.”
From BCAS1-positive oligodendrocytes enable efficient cortical remyelination in multiple sclerosis (2025) · cites this paper as [29]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are highly abundant in the white matter during developmental myelination but largely disappear in adulthood.”
From BCAS1-positive oligodendrocytes enable efficient cortical remyelination in multiple sclerosis (2025) · cites this paper as [29]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In contrast, in the cerebral cortex, the population of BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes remains substantial throughout life and only slowly decreases with age.”
From BCAS1-positive oligodendrocytes enable efficient cortical remyelination in multiple sclerosis (2025) · cites this paper as [29]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Notably, both pre‐myelinating and early‐myelinating oligodendrocytes express BCAS1 (Fard et al. 2017).”
From Depletion of Microglia Increases Cortical Oligodendrocyte Density During Remyelination (2026) · cites this paper as Fard et al. 2017
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Recent studies showed that BCAS1 (breast carcinoma amplified sequence 1) is expressed by a subset of the oligodendrocyte lineage: newly differentiated, pre‐myelinating, and early‐myelinating oligodendrocytes that derive from NG2+ OPCs but do not yet express all mature oligodendrocyte markers (Chapman et al. 2024; Fard et al. 2017).”
From Depletion of Microglia Increases Cortical Oligodendrocyte Density During Remyelination (2026) · cites this paper as Fard et al. 2017
Citations
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Rapid production of new oligodendrocytes is required in the earliest stages of motor-skill learning
Xiao, L., Ohayon, D., McKenzie, I. A., Sinclair-Wilson, A., Wright, J. L., Fudge, A. D., Emery, B., Li, H., & Richardson, W. D. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4351 · Cited by 507
Myelin Membrane Wrapping of CNS Axons by PI(3,4,5)P3-Dependent Polarized Growth at the Inner Tongue
Snaidero, N., Möbius, W., Czopka, T., Hekking, L. H. P., Mathisen, C., Verkleij, D., Goebbels, S., Edgar, J. M., Merkler, D., Lyons, D. A., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.044 · Cited by 477
Self-citationDrug-based modulation of endogenous stem cells promotes functional remyelination in vivo
Najm, F. J., Madhavan, M., Zaremba, A., Shick, E., Karl, R. T., Factor, D. C., Miller, T. E., Nevin, Z. S., Kantor, C., Sargent, A., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14335 · Cited by 424
Differentiation and death of premyelinating oligodendrocytes in developing rodent brain
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“Oligodendrocytes that radially extend processes are reminiscent of previously described premyelinating oligodendrocytes at an early stage of the oligodendrocyte differentiation (24, 25).”
BackgroundNakamura, T., Colbert, M. C., & Robbins, J. M. (2006) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000227505.19472.69 · Cited by 343
Dare, R. K., Fry, A. M., Chittaganpitch, M., Sawanpanyalert, P., Olsen, S. J., & Erdman, D. D. (2007) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/521308 · Cited by 333
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“To extend the analysis to human cells, we generated oligodendrocytes from induced pluripotent human stem cells (iPSCs) derived from healthy human adults (29).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHow to make an oligodendrocyte
Goldman, S. A., & Kuypers, N. J. (2015) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.126409 · Cited by 240
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“Oligodendroglial morphology, metabolism, and function are more complex and less well understood in humans as compared to rodents (42).”
BackgroundEvolving Concepts of Gliogenesis: A Look Way Back and Ahead to the Next 25 Years
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The Nodes of Ranvier: Molecular Assembly and Maintenance
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“We crossbred transgenic mice expressing a tamoxifen-inducible Cre DNA recombinase inserted into the NG2 locus [NG2-CreERT2 (22)] with a widely used reportermouse strain containing amembrane-targeted enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene inserted into the Gt(ROSA)26Sor locus (23).”
MethodRemodeling myelination: implications for mechanisms of neural plasticity
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“To further explore the dynamics of the BCAS1 oligodendrocytes in the somatosensory cortex, we deleted the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-acetyltransferase 2 (Esco2) in the oligodendrocyte lineage using the inducible Sox10-CreERT2 × Esco mouse line (referred to as Sox10-Esco and Sox10-Esco2 mice for contr…”
MethodSox10‐iCreERT2: A mouse line to inducibly trace the neural crest and oligodendrocyte lineage
Simon, C., Lickert, H., Götz, M., & Dimou, L. (2011) · genesis · doi:10.1002/dvg.22003 · Cited by 92
Self-citationSchneider, S. E., Gruart, A., Grade, S., Zhang, Y., Kröger, S., Kirchhoff, F., Gregor Eichele, C., García, J. M. D., & Dimou, L. (2016) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23055 · Cited by 66 · cited 1×
“To further explore the dynamics of the BCAS1 oligodendrocytes in the somatosensory cortex, we deleted the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-acetyltransferase 2 (Esco2) in the oligodendrocyte lineage using the inducible Sox10-CreERT2 × Esco mouse line (referred to as Sox10-Esco and Sox10-Esco2 mice for contr…”
MethodSelf-citationIshimoto, T., Ninomiya, K., Inoue, R., Koike, M., Uchiyama, Y., & Mori, H. (2017) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23129 · Cited by 61 · cited 1×
“function of BCAS1 is unknown, but there is evidence that it interacts with the dynein light chain (19) and is required for brain function because its absence results in reduced anxiety and schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities in mice (20).”
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Subcellular Localization of PMES-2 Proteins Regulated by Their two Cytoskeleton-Associated Domains
Ninomiya, K., Ishimoto, T., & Taguchi, T. (2005) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-005-4955-5 · Cited by 10 · cited 1×
“function of BCAS1 is unknown, but there is evidence that it interacts with the dynein light chain (19) and is required for brain function because its absence results in reduced anxiety and schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities in mice (20).”
Background
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Myelin in the Central Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Pathology
Stadelmann, C., Timmler, S., Barrantes‐Freer, A., & Simons, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2018 · Cited by 799
“Chronic active lesions do not regularly contain areas of remyelination, but nevertheless may show an activation and expansion of premyelinating and early myelinating oligodendrocytes (175).”
BackgroundSelf-citationNeuronal vulnerability and multilineage diversity in multiple sclerosis
Schirmer, L., Velmeshev, D., Holmqvist, S., Kaufmann, M., Werneburg, S., Jung, D., Vistnes, S., Stockley, J. H., Young, A., Steindel, M., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1404-z · Cited by 638
Remyelination in multiple sclerosis: From basic science to clinical translation
Lubetzki, C., Zalc, B., Williams, A., Stadelmann, C., & Stankoff, B. (2020) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30140-x · Cited by 350
Self-citationCD8+ T cells induce interferon-responsive oligodendrocytes and microglia in white matter aging
Kaya, T., Mattugini, N., Liu, L., Ji, H., Cantuti-Castelvetri, L., Wu, J., Schifferer, M., Groh, J., Martini, R., Besson-Girard, S., et al. (2022) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-022-01183-6 · Cited by 224
Self-citationMyelin Dynamics Throughout Life: An Ever-Changing Landscape?
Williamson, J., & Lyons, D. A. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00424 · Cited by 194
“Immunohistochemical analysis of human brain tissue using a novel marker for newly differentiated oligodendrocytes (BCAS1) shows new oligodendrocytes in the frontal cortex even beyond middle-age, but very few new oligodendrocytes in white matter after the third decade of life (Fard et al., 2017).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Fard, M. K., van der Meer, F., Sánchez, P., Cantuti-Castelvetri, L., Mandad, S., Jäkel, S., Fornasiero, E. F., Schmitt, S., Ehrlich, M., Starost, L., Kuhlmann, T., Sergiou, C., Schultz, V., Wrzos, C., Brück, W., Urlaub, H., Dimou, L., Stadelmann, C., & Simons, M.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine (DE)
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (DE)
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- University Hospital Münster (DE)
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine (DE)
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Fard, Maryam K.
- van der Meer, Franziska
- Stadelmann, Christine
- Simons, Mikael
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science Translational Medicine
- Published
- 2017-12-06
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 419
- ISSN
- 1946-6234 (ISSN-L)
- 1946-6242
- PMC
- PMC7116798
- OpenAlex
- W2771504695
- Cited by
- 249
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 7.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science Translational Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) (submittedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- ERC CoG (award297874, 647168)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Keywords
- BCAS1, oligodendrocytes, myelination, remyelination, multiple sclerosis, demyelination, white matter lesions, remyelination therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Demyelinating Diseases, Humans, Multiple Sclerosis, Myelin Sheath, Neoplasm Proteins, Oligodendroglia, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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