Cited by 2,085Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated ReceptorsAdipose Tissue and MetabolismAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

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Fat and Beyond: The Diverse Biology of PPARγ

Tontonoz, Peter, Spiegelman, Bruce M.·2008·Annual Review of Biochemistry

DOI 10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.061307.091829

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Abstract

The nuclear receptor PPARgamma is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays an important role in the control of gene expression linked to a variety of physiological processes. PPARgamma was initially characterized as the master regulator for the development of adipose cells. Ligands for PPARgamma include naturally occurring fatty acids and the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of antidiabetic drugs. Activation of PPARgamma improves insulin sensitivity in rodents and humans through a combination of metabolic actions, including partitioning of lipid stores and the regulation of metabolic and inflammatory mediators termed adipokines. PPARgamma signaling has also been implicated in the control of cell proliferation, atherosclerosis, macrophage function, and immunity. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the diverse biological actions of PPARgamma with an eye toward the expanding therapeutic potential of PPARgamma agonist drugs.

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Authors: Tontonoz, P., & Spiegelman, B. M.
Affiliations: Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Harvard University (US)
ORCID: Tontonoz, Peter
Spiegelman, Bruce M.
Venue: Annual Review of Biochemistry
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2008-06-01
Volume: 77
Issue: 1
Pages: 289-312
ISSN: 0066-4154 (ISSN-L)
1545-4509
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.061307.091829
OpenAlex: W2097511872
Cited by: 2,085
References: 173
Citations by year: 2026: 79 · 2025: 100 · 2024: 104 · 2023: 103 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 105 · 2019: 108 · 2018: 110 · 2017: 112 · 2016: 135 · 2015: 125 · 2014: 154 · 2013: 160 · 2012: 149
FWCI: 8.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Howard Hughes Medical Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL066088, HL66088)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R37 DK 3140)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords: PPARγ, nuclear receptors, transcriptional regulation, adipose tissue development, thiazolidinediones, insulin sensitivity, adipokines, lipid partitioning, atherosclerosis, macrophage function, immunity, cell proliferation, PPARγ agonists, antidiabetic drugs
MeSH terms: Animals, Cell Nucleus, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Macrophages, Models, Biological, Models, Molecular, Neoplasms, Protein Conformation, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Adipocytes, Thiazolidinediones, PPAR gamma, Adipogenesis

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Fat and Beyond: The Diverse Biology of PPARγ

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