Default-Mode Activity during a Passive Sensory Task: Uncoupled from Deactivation but Impacting Activation
Abstract
Deactivation refers to increased neural activity during low-demand tasks or rest compared with high-demand tasks. Several groups have reported that a particular set of brain regions, including the posterior cingulate cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex, among others, is consistently deactivated. Taken together, these typically deactivated brain regions appear to constitute a default-mode network of brain activity that predominates in the absence of a demanding external task. Examining a passive, block-design sensory task with a standard deactivation analysis (rest epochs vs. stimulus epochs), we demonstrate that the default-mode network is undetectable in one run and only partially detectable in a second run. Using independent component analysis, however, we were able to detect the full default-mode network in both runs and to demonstrate that, in the majority of subjects, it persisted across both rest and stimulus epochs, uncoupled from the task waveform, and so mostly undetectable as deactivation. We also replicate an earlier finding that the default-mode network includes the hippocampus suggesting that episodic memory is incorporated in default-mode cognitive processing. Furthermore, we show that the more a subject's default-mode activity was correlated with the rest epochs (and “deactivated” during stimulus epochs), the greater that subject's activation to the visual and auditory stimuli. We conclude that activity in the default-mode network may persist through both experimental and rest epochs if the experiment is not sufficiently challenging. Time-series analysis of default-mode activity provides a measure of the degree to which a task engages a subject and whether it is sufficient to interrupt the processes—presumably cognitive, internally generated, and involving episodic memory—mediated by the default-mode network.
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DMN regions are involved in self-referential processing and episodic memory.
“These DMN regions are involved in self-referential processing and episodic memory (Greicius and Menon 2004)”
From Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity Associated with Hypnosis (2016) · cites this paper as Greicius and Menon 2004
Similar topography of BOLD correlations has been observed across very different behavioral states, including different resting conditions, low-level task performance, and light anesthesia.
“First, similar topography of BOLD correlations has been observed across very different behavioral states including different resting conditions (28), low-level task performance (39,40), and even light anesthesia (41).”
From Spontaneous neuronal activity distinguishes human dorsal and ventral attention systems (2006) · cites this paper as [39]
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- Authors
- Greicius, M. D., & Menon, V.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
- Publisher
- MIT Press - Journals
- Published
- 2004-11-01
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1484-1492
- ISSN
- 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8898
- OpenAlex
- W2069444194
- Cited by
- 684
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 12.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K25HD040761, HD40761)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- default mode network, deactivation, posterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, episodic memory, task engagement, independent component analysis, resting-state brain activity
- MeSH terms
- Arousal, Auditory Cortex, Brain, Brain Mapping, Electrophysiology, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mental Processes, Models, Neurological, Neural Inhibition, Neural Pathways, Perception, Reference Values, Rest, Sensation, Sensory Thresholds, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Visual Cortex, Principal Component Analysis
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