Temporal properties of visual perception on electrical stimulation of the retina
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the elementary temporal properties of electrically evoked percepts in blind patients chronically implanted with an epiretinal prosthesis. METHODS: Nine subjects were presented with isolated stimuli of variable duration and pulse rate. Stimulation amplitude was set to the upper comfortable level and a group of 2 × 2 adjacent electrodes was simultaneously activated. First, subjects were asked to verbally describe their visual perception paying particular attention to the time-course of brightness. Then, in subsequent trials, they described the brightness time dependence using a joystick while auditory feedback of joystick position was provided. RESULTS: All subjects described a bright, well-localized percept at stimulus onset. Only one subject reported such a bright, well-localized visual sensation during an entire 10-second stimulation trial. For the remaining eight subjects, it faded more or less rapidly (in four cases <0.5 second) and was often followed by a percept described as less bright, poorly localized, and having different color. Only initial percepts at stimulation onset seemed bright and localized enough to reconstruct a patterned image. Changing stimulation pulse rate influenced the time course of perception only in some cases but the effect was not systematic. CONCLUSIONS: Percepts differed considerably across subjects, probably because of the considerable variations in the progression and remodeling processes associated with the disease. Appropriate coding of a patterned image under such conditions appears challenging. Further research of the underlying mechanisms of visual perception upon electrical stimulation of the retina is required to optimize stimulation paradigms and to better establish patient selection criteria.
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Phosphene fading is a significant limitation in artificial vision.
“A significant limitation in artificial vision is phosphene fading [148][149][150]”
From Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges (2022) · cites this paper as [148]
Phosphene fading affects retinal prostheses and makes continuous perception above flicker fusion nearly impossible.
“which affects retinal prostheses and makes continuous perception above flicker fusion nearly impossible.”
From Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges (2022) · cites this paper as [148]
Phosphene shape variation across trials could also have been affected by perceptual adaptation and gaze direction.
“Phosphene shape variation across trials also could have been influenced by perceptual adaptation (Pérez Fornos et al. 2012) and gaze direction (Barry and Dagnelie 2016; Sabbah et al. 2014; Caspi et al. 2017; 2021).”
From Sequential epiretinal stimulation improves discrimination in simple shape discrimination tasks only (2022) · cites this paper as Pérez Fornos et al. 2012
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- Authors
- Pérez Fornos, A., Sommerhalder, J., da Cruz, L., Sahel, J. A., Mohand-Said, S., Hafezi, F., & Pelizzone, M.
- Affiliations
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland;
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- Vitreoretinal Surgery, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK;
- and Ophthalmology Department, Quinze-Vingts National Eye Hospital, Paris, France.
- ORCID
- Hafezi, Farhad
- Venue
- Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science
- Published
- 2012-05-04
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2720
- ISSN
- 0146-0404 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5783
- OpenAlex
- W2025741205
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- epiretinal prosthesis, visual perception, visual localization, pulse rate, blind patients, patient selection
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blindness, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Female, Humans, Light, Male, Microelectrodes, Middle Aged, Phosphenes, Retina, Visual Perception, Prosthesis Implantation, Visual Prosthesis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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