The DOI matches its Crossref record; 126 of the 126 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 118 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging
Open accessAbstract
The effects of aging on the immune system are manifest at multiple levels that include reduced production of B and T cells in bone marrow and thymus and diminished function of mature lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid tissues. As a result, elderly individuals do not respond to immune challenge as robustly as the young. An important goal of aging research is to define the cellular changes that occur in the immune system and the molecular events that underlie them. Considerable progress has been made in this regard, and this information has provided the rationale for clinical trials to rejuvenate the aging immune system.
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In the paper
“Despite the increase in their number, myeloid-biased stem cells are not as robust as their young counterparts (24)”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Effects of aging on immune system development
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [24] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“This is illustrated by increased vulnerability of individuals 70 years of age and older to influenza (1)”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“As a result, elderly individuals do not respond to immune challenge as robustly as the young.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · hedged
“While elderly individuals are by no means immunodeficient, they often do not respond efficiently to novel or previously encountered antigens.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“This is illustrated by increased vulnerability of individuals 70 years of age and older to influenza (1), a situation that is exacerbated by their poor response to vaccination (2)(3)(4).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] source
- Not checked yetcites (2)(3)(4)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Introduction · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“which in turn could underlie the numerous age-related deficiencies observed in mature myeloid cells such as neutrophils and macrophages (25,26).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Effects of aging on immune system development
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This shift has been correlated with increased expression of myeloid lineage genes and downregulation of those specifying a lymphoid lineage fate (11,17).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Effects of aging on immune system development
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“primary lymphopoiesis in the elderly is significantly diminished, as exemplified by involution of the thymus (8)(9)(10).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Effects of aging on immune system development
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites (8)(9)(10)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The causes of this age-related reduction in lymphocyte development are multifactorial and include changes in HSCs and progenitor cells (11,12) as well as the local tissue and systemic environments (13,14).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Effects of aging on immune system development
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-related increase in expression of myeloid lineage genes in the studies noted above (11,17) likely resulted from the accumulation of myeloid-biased HSCs, as these analyses were performed on unseparated pools of HSCs.”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Effects of aging on immune system development
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“a situation that is exacerbated by their poor response to vaccination (2)(3)(4).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites (2)(3)(4)
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“this has led to the conclusion that age-related changes in the endocrine system contribute to declines in lymphopoiesis.”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Effects of aging on immune system development
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 28
- Probably not a substantial claim. 3
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“From an immunologic perspective, the most profound effect of stem cell aging in both mice (11,18) and humans (17) is a decreased capacity to produce lymphocytes and an increase in myeloid potential.”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Effects of aging on immune system development
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“it is now appreciated that the number of lymphoid-biased stem cells declines with age concomitant with an increase in myeloid-biased HSCs (19).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Effects of aging on immune system development
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [19] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The effects of aging on the immune system are manifest at multiple levels that include reduced production of B and T cells in bone marrow and thymus and diminished function of mature lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid tissues.”
- Also stated in: § Effects of aging on immune system development · plain
“primary lymphopoiesis in the elderly is significantly diminished, as exemplified by involution of the thymus (8)(9)(10).”
- Also stated in: § Effects of aging on immune system development · plain
“the number of B cell (28)(29)(30)(31) and T cell (32,33) progenitors in bone marrow and thymus is markedly reduced with age.”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Abstract
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Effects of aging on immune system development · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“HSCs exhibit multiple age-related changes that include impaired adherence to stromal cells and, in some strains of mice (15,16) and elderly humans (17), an increase in number.”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Effects of aging on immune system development
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effects of aging on the immune system are widespread and affect the rate at which naive B and T cells are produced as well as the composition and quality of the mature lymphocyte pool.”
- Also stated in: § Aging and the decline of immune function · boosted
“The answer is that the composition and quality of the mature lymphocyte pool is profoundly altered by aging.”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Aging and the decline of immune function · boosted
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, chronic stimulation with persistent viral infections such as CMV can exhaust the naive pool of cells and result in an oligoclonal memory cell expansion.”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Aging and the decline of immune function
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This decline is likely due to decreased numbers of IgM + memory and switched memory B cells, because the total number of naive B cells remains unchanged by aging (51,52).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Figure 1
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regardless of how the shift occurs from a salutary to an inflammatory milieu, the end result may be a negative effect on the ability of naive lymphocytes from the bone marrow or thymus to lodge in an organ such as the spleen as well as the function of mature lymphocytes already resident in that tissue.”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Figure 1
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Similar to B cell progenitors, ETPs and DN cells from old mice also exhibit age-related defects in proliferation and high rates of apoptosis (ref.32 and Figure 1).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Effects of aging on immune system development
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites (ref.32)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These oligoclonal expanded CD8 + memory T cells are further distinguished in humans by loss of expression of the CD28 co-stimulatory molecule (47,48) and impaired immune function.”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Figure 1
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The accumulation of CD8 + CD28 -T cells and CMV seropositivity are components of the immune risk profile, which has been proposed as a predictor of mortality in individuals 65 and older (49)”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Figure 1
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [49] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Lymphoid-biased HSCs in old mice also appear to accumulate deficiencies that, as discussed below, may compromise their selfrenewal potential and contribute to the decline of this population (27).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Effects of aging on immune system development
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [27] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Age-relat-ed microenvironmental changes also have a major impact in the thymus, where T cell development is dependent upon an intact thymic milieu composed of fibroblasts, macrophages, dendritic cells, and thymic epithelial cells.”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Effects of aging on immune system development
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“B cell number in mice is unchanged by aging, but in human peripheral blood their absolute number is reduced (51).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Figure 1
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [51] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is clear that the number of thymic epithelial cells declines over time and that they are not replaced, as a result of impaired proliferation (38).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Effects of aging on immune system development
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [38] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For example, common lymphoid progenitors, pre-pro-B cells, and pro-B cells from old mice do not proliferate as extensively as do young cells, and they exhibit significantly higher rates of apoptosis.”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Effects of aging on immune system development
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Levels of ROS in cells may also be regulated by ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, and age-related declines in expression of ATM can result in an increase in ROS in cells (77,78).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Intracellular changes in developing and mature lymphocytes
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“CD4 + T cells exhibit reduced T cell receptor signaling intensity and altered production of various cytokines following antigen binding (70,71).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Figure 1
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [70] Maue, 2009, Curr Opin Immunol.
- Not checked yetcites [71] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Thus, repeated cell division may result in progressive telomere shortening that in turn results in DNA damage that can no longer be repaired efficiently due to agerelated defects in DNA repair mechanisms (75).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Intracellular changes in developing and mature lymphocytes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [75] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“GH and IGF-1 bind to receptors expressed on thymocytes (101) and thymic epithelial cells (102)”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Rejuvenating the aging immune system
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“mice with hypomorphic expression of DNMT1 exhibit relatively normal myeloerythroid potential but show a significant block in lymphoid development (92).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Intracellular changes in developing and mature lymphocytes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [92] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In this regard, loss of DNMT3a impairs differentiation of HSCs while their number increases in the bone marrow (91)”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Intracellular changes in developing and mature lymphocytes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [91] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Wang and colleagues demonstrated that BATF levels increased in HSCs in response to DNA damage and that this resulted in the differentiation of lymphoid-biased HSCs at the expense of their self-renewal (27).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Intracellular changes in developing and mature lymphocytes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [27] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“recent studies have shown that both Ink4a and Arf expression increases in pro-B cells from old mice and that inhibiting their expression can partially reverse the effects of aging (81).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Intracellular changes in developing and mature lymphocytes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [81] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“GH treatment resulted in increased thymic mass, increased thymic output as measured by T cell receptor rearrangement excision circles in circulating T cells, and increased numbers of naive CD4 + T cells.”
- Also stated in: § Rejuvenating the aging immune system · plain
“It is important to note that the effects of GH were not thymus specific, as the subjects also had expanded numbers of naive peripheral CD4 + T cells (105).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Rejuvenating the aging immune system
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [105] Napolitano, 2008, J Clin Invest.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Rejuvenating the aging immune system · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and suggest that such interventions could be administered to a large cohort of individuals.”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Caveats in immune system rejuvenation
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is not unreasonable to expect that this information will continue to be translated into therapies to rejuvenate the aging immune system.”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Conclusions and perspectives
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“As predicted, levels of Ink4a expression in ETPs and DN cells harvested from FGF7-treated mice were downregulated, and these cells exhibited enhanced proliferation (82).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Rejuvenating the aging immune system
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [82] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a tremendous amount is now known regarding the cellular changes that occur in the aging immune system and the molecular events that underlie them.”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Conclusions and perspectives
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“beneficial effects were observed when it commenced in adults but were not evident when initiated in prepubertal or aged non-human primates (112).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Rejuvenating the aging immune system
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [112] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“FGF7 is particularly remarkable because its administration to old mice results in a renewal of the thymic microenvironment, increased numbers of ETPs, and a restoration of thymus cellularity to levels observed in the young (106, 107).”
§ Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging > Rejuvenating the aging immune system
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The thymic effects of GH, IGF-1, and FGF7 are short-lived, and the thymus returns to its previous size after treatment ends.
“because their effects are transient and the thymus reverts to its former size following the cessation of treatment.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Aging affects the immune system differently across individuals.
“It is likely that the effects of aging on the immune system will not be uniform between individuals.”
The paper relies on this without support.
GH, IGF-1, and FGF7 act throughout the body because their receptors are present on cells in many tissues.
“factors such as GH, IGF-1, and FGF7 have widespread systemic effects due to the expression of their receptors on cells in multiple tissues.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Evidence of waning adaptive immunity is already apparent in mid adulthood, as early as at the age of 50 years, with increasing clinical relevance in the 7th–10th decade of life”
From Successful and Maladaptive T Cell Aging (2017) · cites this paper as Montecino-Rodriguez et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“most older people over the age of 60–65 years (although not all) experience some immune dysregulation that makes them less able to respond to immune challenges [33,34].”
From Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course (2018) · cites this paper as [34]
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Weng, 2009, Trends Genet., 30, 306
- Maue, 2009, Curr Opin Immunol., 30, 301
- Napolitano, 2008, J Clin Invest., 118, 1085
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The Impact of Age and Sex on Mouse Models of Melioidosis
Klimko, C. P., Treviño, S. R., Moreau, A. M., Aponte-Cuadrado, M. J., Meyer, J. R., Fetterer, D. P., Welkos, S. L., Worsham, P. L., Kreiselmeier, N., Soffler, C., et al. (2020) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens9020113 · Cited by 9
Lü, K., Wu, Y.-M., Shi, Q., Gong, Y.-Q., Zhang, T., & Li, C. (2023) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-023-06803-w · Cited by 9
“Aging is known to be associated with a decline in immune function, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence, which can result in immune dysregulation [44, 45].”
BackgroundWang, Z., Du, M., Cao, H., Yao, H., Liu, B., Bai, Y., Geng, H., Jia, Z., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1080/23744235.2024.2310647 · Cited by 9
Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus comorbidity in an adult Ugandan population
Kibirige, D., Biraro, I. A., Olum, R., Adakun, S. A., Zawedde‐Muyanja, S., Sekaggya‐Wiltshire, C., & Kimuli, I. (2024) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09111-8 · Cited by 9
“This may reflect reduced cellular and humoral immunity as age advances which increases the risk of developing both conditions [40].”
BackgroundTherapeutic Strategies for Breast Cancer
Makhoul, I. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35955-9.00024-6 · Cited by 9
Grandone, E., Pesavento, R., Tiscia, G. L., Laurenzo, A. D., Ceccato, D., Sartori, M. T., Mirabella, L., Cinnella, G., Mastroianno, M., Dalfino, L., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10020242 · Cited by 9
“The immune response decreases and becomes less efficient with the increasing age, therefore the adverse outcomes in older patients are not unexpected [10].”
BackgroundThe Aging Bowel Dysfunction and Elderly Vulnerability towards COVID-19 Infection
Lerner, A., & McCarty, M. F. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11020097 · Cited by 10
“All those integrated mucosal immune responses against pathogens, generated in the GALT, decline along the ageing process [33,35,43,44].”
BackgroundSultanov, R. M., Ermolenko, E. V., Poleschuk, T. S., Denisenko, Y., & Kasyanov, S. P. (2021) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/1750-3841.15756 · Cited by 9
Lázničková, P., Bendíčková, K., Kepák, T., & Frič, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2021.708788 · Cited by 10
Healthy Ageing Reflected in Innate and Adaptive Immune Parameters
Munteanu, A. N., Surcel, M., Isvoranu, G., Constantin, C., & Neagu, M. T. (2022) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s375926 · Cited by 8
“The reasons for these effects are clearly complex, but reduced efficiency of the innate and adaptive immune system is likely to be important in the pathology of old age.(1,2) During the lifetime, the immune system undergoes profound reshaping culminating with immune senescence, process that has a major impact on healt…”
BackgroundImmunity, stem cells, and aging
Devaraj, E., Anbalagan, M., Ileng Kumaran, R., & Bhaskaran, N. (2021) · Stem Cells and Aging · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820071-1.00006-2 · Cited by 8
Jitpratoom, P., & Boonyasiri, A. (2022) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07700-z · Cited by 8
Obesity, bone marrow adiposity, and leukemia: Time to act
Kumar, V., & Stewart, J. H. (2023) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13674 · Cited by 8
Zhou, S., Zhang, X., Lin, J., Fenfen, M., Chen, H., CHEN, J., & Luan, X. (2026) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2026.01.015 · Cited by 8
Liszkay, G., Benedek, A., Polgár, C., Oláh, J., Holló, P., Emri, G., Csejtei, A., Kenessey, I., Polányi, Z., Knollmajer, K., et al. (2023) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.18960 · Cited by 9
“Besides, aging of immune system could contribute to the higher incidence of malignancies, more aggressive form of certain cancer types and worse response for given therapies, which could result in worse outcomes (56).”
BackgroundNisson, P. L., Francis, J. J., Michel, M., Goël, K., & Patil, C. G. (2024) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-024-01081-8 · Cited by 9
“On a macro level these cumulative changes can be recognized as skeletal muscle mass wasting, atherosclerotic disease, cerebral atrophy, and weakening of the immune system, to name Vol.: (0123456789) a few [44, 45].”
BackgroundPawlik-Pachucka, E., Budzińska, M., Wicik, Z., Domaszewska-Szostek, A., Owczarz, M., Roszkowska-Gancarz, M., Gewartowska, M., & Puzianowska‐Kuźnicka, M. (2018) · Endocrine Research · doi:10.1080/07435800.2018.1469648 · Cited by 7
Park, S., Kim, H., & Cheong, H. J. (2019) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1080/14760584.2019.1607303 · Cited by 8
“systems generally decline due to several mechanisms including reduced numbers of naïve B/T cells and diminished function of mature lymphocytes [30] and increased low-grade chronic inflam-”
BackgroundKapica-Topczewska, K., Tarasiuk, J., Collin, F., Brola, W., Chorąży, M., Czarnowska, A., Kwaśniewski, M., Bartosik-Psujek, H., Adamczyk-Sowa, M. H., Kochanowicz, J., et al. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223863 · Cited by 8
“The effects of ageing on the immune system manifest at multiple levels that include reduced production of B and T cells in bone marrow and thymus and diminished function of mature lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid tissues [6].”
BackgroundMatt, S. M. (2021) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100353 · Cited by 8
Kridin, M., Zloto, O., Kridin, K., Cohen, A. D., Mann, O., & Weinstein, O. (2022) · Eye · doi:10.1038/s41433-022-02037-y · Cited by 8
“It is known that in older ages individuals do not respond to immune challenge as robustly as the young [27].”
BackgroundSignaling Crosstalks Drive Generation and Regeneration of the Thymus
Rosichini, M., Catanoso, M., Screpanti, I., Felli, M. P., Locatelli, F., & Velardi, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.920306 · Cited by 7
Tristetraprolin limits age-related expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Kwack, K. H., Zhang, L., Kramer, E. D., Thiyagarajan, R., Lamb, N. A., Arao, Y., Bard, J., Seldeen, K. L., Troen, B. R., Blackshear, P. J., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002163 · Cited by 8
Kasahara, T. M., Hygino, J., de Andrade, R. M., Monteiro, C., Sacramento, P. M., Andrade, A. F. B., & Bento, C. A. M. (2015) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.023 · Cited by 8
Scarola, S. J., & Bardi, M. (2020) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.22007 · Cited by 8
COVID-19 age-dependent immunology and clinical outcomes: implications for vaccines
Sarfraz, A., Siddiqui, S. H., Iqbal, J., Ali, A., Hasan, Z., Sarfraz, Z., & Iqbal, N. T. (2021) · Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease · doi:10.1017/s2040174421000398 · Cited by 9
Mind the Age Gap: Expanding the Age Window for mRNA Vaccine Testing in Mice
Hussain, M., Ferguson-Ugorenko, A., Macfarlane, R., Orr, N., Clarke, S. J., Wilkinson, M. J. A., Horan, L., & Perrie, Y. (2025) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines13040370 · Cited by 7
“Immunosenescence becomes particularly pronounced in geriatric stages, characterized by reduced T cell proliferation, compromised germinal center formation, and aberrant inflammatory signaling [33].”
Radford‐Smith, D. E., Oke, K., Costa, C. F. F. A., & Anthony, D. C. (2025) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101013 · Cited by 8
A Retrospective Observational Study: Is Absolute Lymphocyte Count a Prognostic Marker in COVID-19?
Zafar, M., Shahbaz, M., Karkhanis, M., Abdelbagi, M., Makanjuola, O. A., Pun, B., Randhawa, R. S., Cuison, F., Safarova, D., Ojofeitimi, O., et al. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.16554 · Cited by 7
“Since our study cohort includes patients of all age groups rather than merely the elderly, it is possible that we did not see any relationship with lymphopenia [14,15].”
BackgroundChen, N., Chen, Y., Wu, C., Chen, M.-J., & Guo, Y. L. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157520 · Cited by 7
Pariyar, M., Adhikari, S., Regmi, R. S., Dhungel, B., Banjara, M. R., Rijal, B. P., Rijal, K. R., & Ghimire, P. (2023) · Microbiology Insights · doi:10.1177/11786361221150761 · Cited by 11
Hemidesmus indicus and Usage for Arthritic Conditions
Subramaniyan, V. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813820-5.00029-5 · Cited by 7
Yoon, J., Wang, J. Y., & Roehrl, M. H. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00401 · Cited by 7
“Disruption of the immunoproteasome by constitutive expression of one of the proteasome subunits may be a possible mechanism by which colorectal cancer cells may be able to escape immune surveillance, especially when coupled with other aging-related changes in the immune system, including reduced production of lymphocy…”
BackgroundDong, H., Asmolovaite, V., Farnaud, S., & Renshaw, D. W. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1005786 · Cited by 8
“The decline in immune function is one of the most recognized consequences of aging, which contributed to the increased vulnerability to infection including influenza (7, 8).”
BackgroundWang, R., Mathes, S., Claussen, C., Biedermann, T., & Brockow, K. (2023) · JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft · doi:10.1111/ddg.14987 · Cited by 7
The Immune Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma Progression at a Single-cell Level
Schinke, C., & Weinhold, N. (2023) · HemaSphere · doi:10.1097/hs9.0000000000000894 · Cited by 7
“15 It is hence not surprising that increased age has repeatedly shown to be an adverse risk factor for clinical outcome in MM, which is likely not only due to the higher prevalence of comorbidities in this population.”
Diep, A. N., Gilbert, A., Saegerman, C., Gangolf, M., D’Orio, V., Ghuysen, A., & Donneau, A. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1080/23744235.2021.1903548 · Cited by 7
“Old age is associated with reduced immune-response [14].”
BackgroundSide effects of COVID-19 vaccinations in patients treated for breast cancer
Juhel, B. C., Brunelle, C. L., Bernstein, M. C., Smith, L. H., Jung, A. W., Ababneh, H., Hausman, E. K., Bucci, L. K., Bernstein, T., Naoum, G. E., et al. (2023) · Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10238-023-01050-z · Cited by 7
“The former group was anticipated to experience a lower immune response to a vaccine than the latter group due to the natural weakening of the immune system as adults age, and certain cancer treatments which may weaken the immune system temporarily [31–35].”
BackgroundCities of (In)Difference: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Place and Wellbeing In Later Life
Finlay, J. (2018) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 7
Editorial: COVID-19 and thrombo-inflammatory responses
Subramaniam, S., Reinhardt, C., Kulkarni, P. P., & Spiezia, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1231909 · Cited by 7
“The older the patients, the more likely they are to succumb to COVID-19 due to immunological dysfunction (24) and comorbidities (25), such as obesity.”
BackgroundBahirwani, J. T., Elmer, J., Eskarous, H., Ahuja, S. J. K., Changela, M., Dahiya, D. S., Stoltzfus, J. C., & Schneider, Y. (2025) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-025-09073-0 · Cited by 7
“There are several changes to the immune system that occur with age as the proliferation rate of B and T cells diminishes due to higher levels of apoptosis and a proinflammatory cascade eventually generates [24].”
Watt, S. M., & Roubelakis, M. G. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26020671 · Cited by 7
Cancer as a System Dysfunction
Saeed, K., Ryder, E. F., & Manning, A. L. (2021) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems9010014 · Cited by 6
Age-dependent disregulation of the immune response in humans
Artemenkov, A. A. (2021) · Medical Immunology (Russia) · doi:10.15789/1563-0625-ado-2192 · Cited by 8
“В результате этого пожилые люди не реагируют на иммунный вызов так активно, как молодые [36].”
Demographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Penetrating Keratoplasty Outcomes
Shalaby, W. S., Shukla, A. G., Shiuey, E. J., Rapuano, C. J., Nagra, P. K., & Syed, Z. A. (2022) · Cornea · doi:10.1097/ico.0000000000003217 · Cited by 6
Non-coding RNA profile for natural killer cell activity
Ghafouri‐Fard, S., Askari, A., Zangooie, A., Shoorei, H., Pourmoshtagh, H., & Taheri, M. N. (2023) · Molecular and Cellular Probes · doi:10.1016/j.mcp.2023.101935 · Cited by 6
Why Influenza Viruses Continue to Pose a Significant Threat to Aging and Aged Populations Worldwide
Lang, P. O. (2013) · Current Geriatrics Reports · doi:10.1007/s13670-013-0070-5 · Cited by 6
Kim, H. J., Moon, B., Lee, J. W., Kim, H.-J., & Kim, H.-J. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.7307 · Cited by 6
“Cancer incidence is related to age, and this effect is linked to reduced immune function with age [36].”
Xue, Z., Ansari, A. R., Zhao, X., Zang, K., Yu, L., Cui, L., Hu, Y., Cheng, R., Zhang, X., Zhong, J., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Genomics · doi:10.1155/2019/6905194 · Cited by 6
“Thymic function during age-related atrophy is largely compromised of morphological alterations due to deposition of the adipose tissue within the immune organ together with the expansion of the perivascular spaces leading to greater risk of infections and autoimmune diseases [15, 49, 50].”
BackgroundQuiambao, B. P., Ambas, C., Diego, S., Castells, V. B., Korejwo, J., Petit, C., Rasuli, A., & Houillon, G. (2020) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.043 · Cited by 6
What Makes the Elderly Prone to Parasitic Infection?
Siagian, F. E., & Maryanti, E. (2021) · Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.9734/ajrid/2021/v6i130183 · Cited by 6
“This is also a problem, because the number of the elderly increasing and cannot be ignored [12].”
BackgroundScordo, J. M., Piergallini, T. J., Reuter, N., Headley, C. A., Hodara, V. L., González, O., Giavedoni, L. D., Papin, J. F., & Turner, J. (2021) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-021-00229-w · Cited by 6
Pressing Questions and Challenges in the HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 Syndemic
Montano, M. A. (2021) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.2021.0005 · Cited by 7
Advancing cell-based therapy in sepsis: An anesthesia outlook
Ye, H., Zou, X., & Fang, X. (2024) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000003097 · Cited by 5
“[8,23] 62] Consequently, individualized therapeutic approaches and reinforcement of immune function are paramount for this unique population.”
BackgroundMazzotti, L., de Souza, P. B., Azzali, I., Angeli, D., Nanni, O., Sambri, V., Semprini, S., Bravaccini, S., Cerchione, C., Gaimari, A., et al. (2025) · HLA · doi:10.1111/tan.70011 · Cited by 5
A non-genotoxic stem cell therapy boosts lymphopoiesis and averts age-related blood diseases in mice
Konturek-Cieśla, A., Zhang, Q., Kharazi, S., & Bryder, D. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60464-3 · Cited by 5
“Aging is widely recognized to result in dampened adaptive immunityand,inparticular,neo-responses 41 ,makingtherestorationof robust lymphopoiesis in aged hosts a primary objective.”
Lenarczyk, M., Alsheikh, A. J., Cohen, E. P., Schaue, D., Kronenberg, A., Geurts, A. M., Klawikowski, S., Mattson, D. L., & Baker, J. E. (2022) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics10120797 · Cited by 5
“The decrease in natural killer cells and macrophages in sham-irradiated kidneys from 20 days to 120 days may reflect a developmental decline in immune cells [18].”
BackgroundXia, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188249 · Cited by 6
“However, the reduced dependence of SARS-CoV-2 on membrane ACE2 allows SARS-CoV-2 to infect old people who are immunologically weak (Montecino-Rodriguez et al., 2013), even though they do not express a high level of ACE2.”
BackgroundImmunity Agent-Based Model (IABM) for epidemiological systems
Gonzaga, M. N., de Oliveira, M. M., & Atman, A. P. F. (2023) · Chaos Solitons & Fractals · doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2023.114108 · Cited by 5
Kibirige, D., Biraro, I. A., Kyazze, A. P., Olum, R., Bongomin, F., Nakavuma, R., Ssekamatte, P., Emoru, R., Nalubega, G., Chamba, N. G., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-47285-4 · Cited by 5
“This increased risk of TBI noted with increasing age may be due to the age-related reduction in the cellular and humoral immunity 28 .”
Zhang, M., Zhao, C., Cheng, Q., Xu, J., Xu, N., Yu, L., & Feng, W. (2023) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/s12859-023-05603-7 · Cited by 7
“Immunologists are seeking ways to directly assess the immune status of humans to improve our understanding of the human immune system [20–23].”
BackgroundCellular senescence: A potential mode of circular RNAs regulating prostate cancer
Li, Y., Fan, A., Zhang, Y., Guo, Z., Meng, W., Pan, W., Ma, Z., & Chen, W. (2023) · MedComm – Oncology · doi:10.1002/mog2.61 · Cited by 6
RNA Modifications Shape Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging: Beyond the Code
van der Werf, I. M., Sneifer, J. S., & Jamieson, C. H. M. (2024) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.15014 · Cited by 5
Lian, Y., Alruwaili, A. M., & Luo, P. (2025) · International Journal of Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1007/s00384-025-04811-2 · Cited by 5
Cain, D. J., del Arroyo, A. G., & Ackland, G. L. (2015) · Journal of the Intensive Care Society · doi:10.1177/1751143714564826 · Cited by 5
Prognostic significance of MGMT promoter methylation in diffuse glioma patients
Jovanović, N. M., Mitrović, T. L., Cvetković, V. J., Tošić, S. M., Vitorović, J., STAMENKOVIĆ, S. M., Nikolov, V., Kostić, A., Vidović, N., Jevtović−Stoimenov, T., et al. (2019) · Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment · doi:10.1080/13102818.2019.1604158 · Cited by 5
Risk Factors for Postoperative Urinary Tract Infections Following Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Lee, D., Lee, R. Y., CROSS, M. T., Iweala, U., Weinreb, J. H., FALK, D. P., O’Brien, J. R., & Yu, W. D. (2020) · The International Journal of Spine Surgery · doi:10.14444/7065 · Cited by 5
“Benign prostatic hypertrophy in older men leads to increased urinary stasis that promotes the growth of bacterium in the urinary tract.28 Menopausal changes have also been known to predispose older women to UTI development due to decreases in estrogen in the vaginal epithelium.29 Additionally, immune function declines…”
BackgroundInfluentialPoh, X. Y., Lee, I. R., Lim, C., Teo, J., Rao, S., Chia, P. Y., Ong, S. W. X., Lee, T. H., Kline, S., Ng, L. F. P., et al. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06345-2 · Cited by 6
“, vaccination) as robustly as the young [23], thus long-term COVID-19 immunization strategies should take into account different age groups within the population.”
BackgroundLai, F., Ли, Б., Mei, J., Zhou, Q., Long, J., Liang, R., Mo, R., Peng, S., Liu, Y., & Xiao, H. (2023) · Advanced Biology · doi:10.1002/adbi.202300028 · Cited by 5
BK Virus Load Associated with Serum Levels of sCD30 in Renal Transplant Recipients
Shamran, H. A., Malik, S. N., Al-Saffer, J. M., & Jawad, R. S. (2016) · International Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1155/2016/9752097 · Cited by 5
Graves’ disease: developments in first-line antithyroid drugs in the young
Lane, L. C., & Cheetham, T. D. (2020) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2020.1735359 · Cited by 5
“The gradual development of an ‘older’ and therefore less active immune system may also contribute to improved remission rates with a longer duration of therapy [76].”
BackgroundCovid-19 and Immunity in the Elderly
Chalise, H. N., & Rosenberg, E. (2020) · Journal of Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.30564/jgm.v2i1.2049 · Cited by 5
Compromised levels of CD6 and reduced T cell activation in the aged immune system
Kureel, A. K., Saini, S., Singh, B., Singh, K., & Rai, A. K. (2021) · Biomarkers · doi:10.1080/1354750x.2021.1921030 · Cited by 5
“In the lymphoid organs, aged T cell progenitors display a slow proliferation rate with simultaneous higher apoptosis levels (Mehr and Melamed 2011, Montecino-Rodriguez et al. 2013).”
BackgroundPredictive Factors for Day 7 Positive Patch Test Readings at a Secondary Referral Centre
Tupker, R. A., Stapper, W. G. C., & Kelder, J. C. (2021) · Skin Health and Disease · doi:10.1002/ski2.79 · Cited by 5
“Dyes 763 2 (7) 5 (17) 0 (0) 8 (28) 0 (0) 3 (10) 11 (38) 29 (100)”
Syangtan, G., Bista, S., Dawadi, P., Rayamajhee, B., Shrestha, L. B., Tuladhar, R., & Joshi, D. R. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-39512/v1 · Cited by 5
“Meanwhile, elderly populations have a weakened immune system [49, 50] and less likely to be an asymptomatic carrier.”
BackgroundThe Resolvin D2-GPR18 Axis Enhances Bone Marrow Function and Limits Hepatic Fibrosis in AgingPreprint
Fitzgerald, H., Bonin, J. L., Sadhu, S., Lipscomb, M., Biswas, N., Decker, C., Nabage, M., Bossardi, R., Marinello, M., Mena, H. A., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.01.05.522881 · Cited by 5
“Despite 83 heightened innate immune programs, elderly individuals have reduced host defenses, 84 limited vaccine efficacy, an overall decline of tissue function and poor organ transplant 85 efficacy (12, 13).”
BackgroundImpact of Aging and Cellular Senescence in the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia
Suvakov, S. R., Kattah, A. G., Gojković, T., Enninga, E. A. L., Pruett, J. E., Jayachandran, M., Sousa, C., Santos, J., Hassan, C. A., Suarez, M. L. G., et al. (2023) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c230003 · Cited by 6
Yan, L., Henegar, C., Marconi, V. C., Gordon, K. S., Hicks, C. B., Vannappagari, V. X., Justice, A. C., & Aslan, M. (2024) · AIDS Research and Therapy · doi:10.1186/s12981-024-00681-w · Cited by 4
Age-associated defect in ADCC response to COVID-19 vaccine
Sievers, B. L., Altaf, M., Cheng, M. T. K., Kamelian, K., Cormie, C., Bradley, J. R., Baker, S., Graves, B., Stark, H., Hein, S., et al. (2025) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-025-01196-9 · Cited by 4
Metabolites of traffic-related volatile organic compounds in age-related macular degeneration
Mimura, T., & Noma, H. (2025) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.20405 · Cited by 4
“Ambati & Fowler (2013) emphasized the integral role of immune responses in AMD pathogenesis.”
Mensah, L. B. B., Ken‐Amoah, S., Essuman, M. A., Anane‐Fenin, B., Agbeno, E. K., Eliason, S., & Essien‐Baidoo, S. (2023) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2023/5129709 · Cited by 4
Deckers, E. A., Kruijff, S., Bastiaannet, E., van Ginkel, R. J., Hoekstra‐Weebers, J. E. H. M., & Hoekstra, H. J. (2021) · Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1002/jso.26555 · Cited by 4
“Therefore, the only factors that may affect the immune system are gender and age.(34) In accordance with the literature, our present study showed that age was an independent predictor of melanoma progression, MSS, and OS.”
ResultReduced levels of interleukin-37 in serum of patients with allergic rhinitis or asthma
Ahmed, M., & Ad'hiah, A. H. (2021) · Revue française d'allergologie · doi:10.1016/j.reval.2021.07.004 · Cited by 4
Zhang, S. R., Kim, H. A., Chu, H. X., Lee, S., Evans, M. A., Li, X., Ma, H., Drummond, G. R., Sobey, C. G., & Phan, T. G. (2021) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.121.036500 · Cited by 4
An Instrumental Variable Probit Modeling of COVID-19 Vaccination Compliance in Malawi
Oyekale, A. S., & Molelekoa, T. C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182413129 · Cited by 4
Preventive health therapy and behavior outcomes from a brown bag medication review for older adults
Chang, F., O’Connell, M. B., Mills, M. E., Hwang, J. M., Khreizat, H. S., Garwood, C. L., & Houser, A. (2022) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.17982 · Cited by 4
“Preventive health therapies are highly recommended for older adults as age-related physical decline increases susceptibility to illness.(7,8) Preventive health services that are targeted to older adults include vaccinations against influenza and pneumonia, vitamin D for falls prevention, and screening for hypertension…”
BackgroundPredictors of mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients in university hospital
Wafy, S. M., Saman, M. O., & Ahmed, M. (2024) · Egyptian Journal of Bronchology · doi:10.1186/s43168-024-00275-0 · Cited by 4
“The non-survivors group had significantly higher mean age; with increasing age, there are significant changes in the immune system and the response of the inflammatory cells to infection including viral one especially if it is not previously identified and novel antigen to the immune cells [10].”
BackgroundÁvila, R., Camacho-Leon, G., Faytong‐Haro, M., Merino-Alado, R., Carrillo, J. P., Mautong, H., Simancas‐Racines, D., & Chérrez-Ojeda, I. (2024) · American Journal of Case Reports · doi:10.12659/ajcr.942660 · Cited by 4
“The current case involved a young patient whose immune sys-tem was not affected by immunosenescence, and who was a nonsmoker and non-alcohol drinker, eliminating the influence of 2 well-known conditions that affect the immunological response [26-28].”
BackgroundA novel signature of cartilage aging-related immunophenotyping biomarkers in osteoarthritis
Lan, Z., Yang, Y., Sun, R., Lin, X., Xue, D., Wu, Z., & Jin, Q. (2025) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.109816 · Cited by 4
The immune system of the skin: the age peculiarities
Markelova, E. V., Yutskovskaya, Y. A., Nikolaevna, B. O., Baibarina, E. V., & Chepurnova, N. S. (2016) · Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.17116/klinderma20161564-10 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Montecino-Rodriguez, E., Berent-Maoz, B., & Dorshkind, K.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dorshkind, Kenneth
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2013-03-01
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 958-965
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3582124
- OpenAlex
- W1978103330
- Semantic Scholar
- 21eeafabbc2cc60c6c46752d238c5688d989e17b
- Cited by
- 793
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 126 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 9
- FWCI
- 2.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG034875, AG034875)
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- immunosenescence, B cell aging, T cell senescence, thymus, bone marrow, secondary lymphoid organs, lymphocyte function
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Humans, Immune System, Immunologic Factors, Lymphoid Progenitor Cells
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-06, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-06 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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