Cited by 214Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorPersonality Disorders and PsychopathologyFace Recognition and Perception

Oxytocin and Reduction of Social Threat Hypersensitivity in Women With Borderline Personality Disorder

Bertsch, Katja, Gamer, Matthias, Schmidt, Brigitte, Schmidinger, Ilinca, Walther, Stephan, Kästel, Thorsten, Schnell, Knut, Büchel, Christian +2 more·2013·American Journal of Psychiatry

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Patients with borderline personality disorder are characterized by emotional hyperarousal with increased stress levels, anger proneness, and hostile, impulsive behaviors. They tend to ascribe anger to ambiguous facial expressions and exhibit enhanced and prolonged reactions in response to threatening social cues, associated with enhanced and prolonged amygdala responses. Because the intranasal administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin has been shown to improve facial recognition and to shift attention away from negative social information, the authors investigated whether borderline patients would benefit from oxytocin administration. METHOD: In a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind group design, 40 nonmedicated, adult female patients with a current DSM-IV diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (two patients were excluded based on hormonal analyses) and 41 healthy women, matched on age, education, and IQ, took part in an emotion classification task 45 minutes after intranasal administration of 26 IU of oxytocin or placebo. Dependent variables were latencies and number or initial reflexive eye movements measured by eye tracking, manual response latencies, and blood-oxygen-level-dependent responses of the amygdala to angry and fearful compared with happy facial expressions. RESULTS: Borderline patients exhibited more and faster initial fixation changes to the eyes of angry faces combined with increased amygdala activation in response to angry faces compared with the control group. These abnormal behavioral and neural patterns were normalized after oxytocin administration. CONCLUSIONS: Borderline patients exhibit a hypersensitivity to social threat in early, reflexive stages of information processing. Oxytocin may decrease social threat hypersensitivity and thus reduce anger and aggressive behavior in borderline personality disorder or other psychiatric disorders with enhanced threat-driven reactive aggression.

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Crossref · 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13020263

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  • OT administration dampened amygdala reactivity toward emotional stimuli in healthy males, males with GSAD, and females with BPD, although findings for females have been mixed.

    “In addition, functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown that OT administration dampened amygdala reactivity toward emotional stimuli in healthy males (Kirsch et al, 2005), males with generalized social anxiety disorder (GSAD; Labuschagne et al, 2010) and females with borderline personality disorder (BPD; Bertsch et al, 2013), although findings for females have been mixed (Domes et al, 2010).”
  • The study cannot exclude the possibility that not standardizing menstrual cycle phase may have influenced the results.

    “We cannot exclude the possibility that this may have influenced our results, although similar effects of OT on amygdala reactivity previously were found in females tested in the follicular phase (Domes et al, 2010) and luteal phase (Bertsch et al, 2013).”

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Authors
Bertsch, K., Gamer, M., Schmidt, B., Schmidinger, I., Walther, S., Kästel, T., Schnell, K., Büchel, C., Domes, G., & Herpertz, S. C.
Affiliations
University of Freiburg (DE)
Venue
American Journal of Psychiatry
Published
2013-10
Volume
170
Issue
10
Pages
1169-1177
ISSN
  • 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-7228
OpenAlex
W2128455436
Cited by
214
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
FWCI
29.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Keywords
oxytocin, borderline personality disorder, amygdala activation, angry facial expressions, emotion classification, eye movements, intranasal administration, reactive aggression, women, facial expression recognition
MeSH terms
Administration, Intranasal, Adolescent, Adult, Aggression, Amygdala, Anger, Arousal, Borderline Personality Disorder, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Oxytocin, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Reaction Time, Social Perception, Young Adult

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