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Translational Approaches with Antioxidant Phytochemicals against Alcohol-Mediated Oxidative Stress, Gut Dysbiosis, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Fatty Liver Disease

Ballway, Jacob W., Song, Byoung-Joon·2021·Antioxidants
DOI 10.3390/antiox10030384PMC PMC8000766
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Abstract

Emerging data demonstrate the important roles of altered gut microbiomes (dysbiosis) in many disease states in the peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Gut dysbiosis with decreased ratios of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes and other changes are reported to be caused by many disease states and various environmental factors, such as ethanol (e.g., alcohol drinking), Western-style high-fat diets, high fructose, etc. It is also caused by genetic factors, including genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic changes in different individuals. Gut dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier function, and elevated serum endotoxin levels can be observed in human patients and/or experimental rodent models exposed to these factors or with certain disease states. However, gut dysbiosis and leaky gut can be normalized through lifestyle alterations such as increased consumption of healthy diets with various fruits and vegetables containing many different kinds of antioxidant phytochemicals. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of gut dysbiosis, leaky gut, endotoxemia, and fatty liver disease with a specific focus on the alcohol-associated pathways. We also mention translational approaches by discussing the benefits of many antioxidant phytochemicals and/or their metabolites against alcohol-mediated oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and fatty liver disease.

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  • Bacterial imbalance constitutes a pivotal determinant impacting both the antioxidant endogenous defense system and physical exercise capacity.

    “This bacterial imbalance constitutes a pivotal determinant impacting both the antioxidant endogenous defense system and physical exercise capacity [26].”

    From Spirulina Supplementation Alleviates Intense Exercise-Induced Damage and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Mice (2025) · cites this paper as [26]

    Section 5 links changes in gut microbiota to the amelioration of oxidative stress, providing some support for a relationship between bacterial imbalance and antioxidant-related processes. It does not establish that bacterial imbalance is a pivotal determinant of the endogenous antioxidant defense system, and the searched passages do not link it to physical exercise capacity (no page numbers are available in our copy). (LLM, conf=0.73)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Accumulation of ROS exerts a profound influence on the equilibrium of the gut microbiota, culminating in a diminution of beneficial bacterial populations and a concurrent augmentation of harmful bacteria.

    “The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exerts a profound influence on the equilibrium of the gut microbiota, culminating in a diminution of beneficial bacterial populations and a concurrent augmentation of harmful bacteria.”

    From Spirulina Supplementation Alleviates Intense Exercise-Induced Damage and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Mice (2025) · cites this paper as [26]

    Section 4.1 reports that alcohol exposure is associated with fewer beneficial genera, including Roseburia and Lactobacillus, and more potentially harmful Proteobacteria. It suggests that a high-ROS environment could help explain the Proteobacteria increase and likely contributes to a decrease in some anaerobes. The claim omits the alcohol-exposure context and states ROS as the established cause of both changes, whereas the paper presents that mechanism as a possibility (page unavailable in our copy). (LLM, conf=0.87)

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Sorted by citations

Authors
Ballway, J. W., & Song, B.-J.
Venue
Antioxidants
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-03-04
Volume
10
Issue
3
Pages
384
ISSN
2076-3921
DOI
10.3390/antiox10030384
PMC
PMC8000766
Cited by
68
References
25
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
Intramural Research Fund, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA-LMBB-SMPT-FY2020)

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