Cited by 573Sleep and related disordersCircadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

Sleep Duration as a Risk Factor for Diabetes Incidence in a Large US Sample

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Gangwisch, James E., Heymsfield, Steven B., Boden-Albala, Bernadette, Buijs, Ruud M., Kreier, Felix, Pickering, Thomas G., Rundle, Andrew G., Zammit, Gary K. +1 more·2007·Sleep

Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between sleep duration and diabetes incidence over an 8- to 10-year follow-up period in data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). We hypothesized that prolonged short sleep duration is associated with diabetes and that obesity and hypertension act as partial mediators of this relationship. The increased load on the pancreas from insulin resistance induced by chronically short sleep durations can, over time, compromise beta-cell function and lead to type 2 diabetes. No plausible mechanism has been identified by which long sleep duration could lead to diabetes. DESIGN: Multivariate longitudinal analyses of the NHANES I using logistic regression models. SETTING: Probability sample (n=8992) of the noninstitutionalized population of the United States between 1982 and 1992. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects between the ages of 32 and 86 years. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Between 1982 and 1992, 4.8% of the sample (n=430) were determined by physician diagnosis, hospital record, or cause of death to be incident cases of diabetes. Subjects with sleep durations of 5 or fewer hours (odds ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.03-2.09) and subjects with sleep durations of 9 or more hours (odds ratio = 1.52, 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.18) were significantly more likely to have incident diabetes over the follow-up period after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Short sleep duration could be a significant risk factor for diabetes. The association between long sleep duration and diabetes incidence is more likely to be due to some unmeasured confounder such as poor sleep quality.

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Crossref · 10.1093/sleep/30.12.1667

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  • Short sleep duration is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and an increased risk of diabetes.

    “Short sleep duration is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and an increased risk of diabetes.”
  • Insufficient sleep duration (quantity) has been associated with an increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and early mortality.

    “Insufficient sleep duration (quantity) has been associated with an increased risk of obesity (3–6,51), type 2 diabetes (7–11), hypertension (12), cardiovascular disease (13,14), metabolic syndrome (a combination of cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction) (15), and early mortality (14,16,17,19–21,52).”
  • Individuals with obstructive sleep apnea or insomnia are at significantly greater risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and metabolic disorders.

    “Population-based studies show that individuals with OSA or insomnia are at significantly greater risk for CVD and cerebrovascular diseases (eg, arrhythmias, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease [CHD], heart failure, hypertension, and stroke) and metabolic disorders (eg, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia).”
  • Accumulating evidence points to an association between sleep curtailment and obesity and type 2 diabetes.

    “Accumulating evidence has pointed to an association between sleep curtailment and obesity,4,5 type 2 diabetes,6–9 and possibly mortality (see Ref. 10 for a review).”
  • In smaller studies, the association between sleep duration and diabetes is more variable.

    “In smaller studies, the association between sleep duration and diabetes is more variable.7–9,35”

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Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. [6]Mander B, Colecchia E, Spiegel K, Kim R, Sannar E, Van Cauter E. Short sleep: a risk factor for insulin resistance and obesity. Diabetes. 2001;50(Suppl 2):A45. [Google Scholar]
  2. [17]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Center for Health Statistics. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1992. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I: Epidemiologic Followup Study, 1982–1984 (computer file). 2nd release. [Google Scholar]
  3. [18]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Center for Health Statistics. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1992. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I: Epidemiologic Followup Study, 1986 computer file. [Google Scholar]
  4. [19]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Center for Health Statistics. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1992. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I: Epidemiologic Followup Study, 1987 computer file. [Google Scholar]
  5. [20]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Center for Health Statistics. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1997. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I: Epidemiologic Followup Study, 1992 computer file. [Google Scholar]
  6. [32]Research Triangle Institute. SUDAAN Software for the Statistical Analysis of Correlated Data, Release 8.0.1 for PCs SAS Callable Version. NC: Research Triangle Park; 2002. [Google Scholar]

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Authors
Gangwisch, J. E., Heymsfield, S. B., Boden-Albala, B., Buijs, R. M., Kreier, F., Pickering, T. G., Rundle, A. G., Zammit, G. K., & Malaspina, D.
Affiliations
  • Columbia University (US)
  • Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
  • Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX)
  • Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
  • New York University (US)
Corresponding author
Gangwisch, James E.
Venue
Sleep
Published
2007-12
Volume
30
Issue
12
Pages
1667-1673
ISSN
  • 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
  • 1550-9109
OpenAlex
W2118591666
Cited by
573
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 35
FWCI
31.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • SLEEP (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R24-HL76857, R24HL076857)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH013043)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords
sleep duration, type 2 diabetes, diabetes incidence, short sleep duration, long sleep, obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, beta-cell function, sleep quality, NHANES I
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypertension, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Sampling Studies, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, United States, Incidence, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio

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