Sources of Conflict Between Work and Family Roles

Jeffrey H. Greenhaus, Nicholas J. Beutell·1985·Academy of Management Review

DOI 10.5465/amr.1985.4277352

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

OpenAlex · 10.5465/amr.1985.4277352

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Development and validation of work–family conflict and family–work conflict scales
Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400 · Cited by 3,864
Consequences of abusive supervision.
Tepper, B. J. (2000) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/1556375 · Cited by 3,810
Work/Family Border Theory: A New Theory of Work/Family Balance
Clark, S. C. (2000) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726700536001 · Cited by 3,203
All in a Day's Work: Boundaries and Micro Role Transitions
Ashforth, B. E., Kreiner, G. E., & Fugate, M. (2000) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/259305 · Cited by 3,039
The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown about Telecommuting: Meta-Analysis of Psychological Mediators and Individual Consequences
Gajendran, R. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2007) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1524 · Cited by 2,616
How Effective Is Telecommuting? Assessing the Status of Our Scientific Findings
Allen, T. D., Golden, T. D., & Shockley, K. M. (2015) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100615593273 · Cited by 1,788
A resource perspective on the work–home interface: the work–home resources model
ten Brummelhuis, L. L., & Bakker, A. B. (2012) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0027974 · Cited by 1,660
A meta-analysis of work–family conflict and various outcomes with a special emphasis on cross-domain versus matching-domain relations.
Amstad, F. T., Meier, L. L., Fasel, U., Elfering, A., & Semmer, N. K. (2011) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022170 · Cited by 1,654
Measuring the positive side of the work–family interface: development and validation of a work–family enrichment scale
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Wayne, J. H., & Grzywacz, J. G. (2006) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2005.02.002 · Cited by 1,269
The relationship between emotional intelligence and work attitudes, behavior and outcomes: An examination among senior managers
Carmeli, A. (2003) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/02683940310511881 · Cited by 899
Gender differences in work-family conflict
Duxbury, L. E., & Higgins, C. A. (1991) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.76.1.60 · Cited by 782
On the relations among work value orientations, psychological need satisfaction and job outcomes: A self-determination theory approach
Vansteenkiste, M., Neyrinck, B., Niemiec, C. P., Soenens, B., De Witte, H., & Van den Broeck, A. (2007) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/096317906x111024 · Cited by 750
Beginning the workday yet already depleted? Consequences of late-night smartphone use and sleep
Lanaj, K., Johnson, R. E., & Barnes, C. M. (2014) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.01.001 · Cited by 738
Too engaged? a conservation of resources view of the relationship between work engagement and work interference with family
Halbesleben, J. R. B., Harvey, J., & Bolino, M. C. (2009) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017595 · Cited by 701
Work–nonwork boundary management profiles: A person-centered approach
Kossek, E. E., Ruderman, M. N., Braddy, P. W., & Hannum, K. M. (2012) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.04.003 · Cited by 594
Telecommuting’s differential impact on work–family conflict: Is there no place like home?
Golden, T. D., Veiga, J. F., & Simsek, Z. (2006) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1340 · Cited by 527
Wellbeing costs of technology use during Covid-19 Remote working: an investigation using the Italian translation of the technostress creators scale
Molino, M., Ingusci, E., Signore, F., Manuti, A., Giancaspro, M. L., Russo, V., Zito, M., & Cortese, C. G. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12155911 · Cited by 532
Development and validation of a multidimensional scale of perceived work-family positive spillover
Hanson, G. C., Hammer, L. B., & Colton, C. L. (2006) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.11.3.249 · Cited by 460
Sex, Gender, and the Work-to-Family Interface: Exploring Negative and Positive Interdependencies
Powell, G. N., & Greenhaus, J. H. (2010) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2010.51468647 · Cited by 433
Self-citation
Citizenship under pressure: What's a “good soldier” to do?
Bolino, M. C., Turnley, W. H., Gilstrap, J. B., & Suazo, M. M. (2010) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.635 · Cited by 357
Hot Buttons and Time Sinks: The Effects of Electronic Communication During Nonwork Time on Emotions and Work-Nonwork Conflict
Butts, M. M., Becker, W. J., & Boswell, W. R. (2015) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2014.0170 · Cited by 353
Understanding teleworkers’ technostress and its influence on job satisfaction
Suh, A., & Lee, J. (2017) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-06-2015-0181 · Cited by 347
Untitled work
(2003) · Journal of managerial issues · Cited by 344
Antecedents and consequences of work-home interference among medical residents
Geurts, S., Rutte, C., & Peeters, M. (1999) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00425-0 · Cited by 303
JOB SEARCH BEHAVIOR OF EMPLOYED MANAGERS
BRETZ, R. D., BOUDREAU, J. W., & JUDGE, T. A. (1994) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1994.tb01725.x · Cited by 297
Long work hours: a social identity perspective on meta‐analysis data
Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2008) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.536 · Cited by 264
Wisdom, bias, and balance: Toward a process-sensitive measurement of wisdom-related cognition.
Brienza, J. P., Kung, F. Y. H., Santos, H. C., Bobocel, D. R., & Grossmann, I. (2018) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000171 · Cited by 235
Sex, Gender, and Decisions at the Family → Work Interface
Powell, G. N., & Greenhaus, J. H. (2010) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206309350774 · Cited by 233
Self-citation
Daily fluctuations in teachers' well-being: A diary study using the job demands–resources model
Simbula, S. (2010) · Anxiety, Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615801003728273 · Cited by 201
A review and agenda for examining how technology-driven changes at work will impact workplace mental health and employee well-being
Johnson, A., Dey, S., Nguyen, H., Groth, M., Joyce, S., Tan, L., Glozier, N., & Harvey, S. B. (2020) · Australian Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0312896220922292 · Cited by 198
It’s about time: New perspectives and insights on time management
Aeon, B., & Aguinis, H. (2017) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2016.0166 · Cited by 197
Family entrepreneurship as a field of research: Exploring its contours and contents
Randerson, K., Bettinelli, C., Fayolle, A., & Anderson, A. (2015) · Journal of Family Business Strategy · doi:10.1016/j.jfbs.2015.08.002 · Cited by 195
Caregiver burden, work-family conflict, family-work conflict, and mental health of caregivers: a mediational longitudinal study
Kayaalp, A., Page, K. J., & Rospenda, K. M. (2021) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678373.2020.1832609 · Cited by 177
Age‐related differences in work motivation
Inceoglu, I., Segers, J., & Bartram, D. (2012) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.2011.02035.x · Cited by 176
Gender Differences in Work-Family Guilt in Parents of Young Children
Borelli, J. L., Nelson, S. K., River, L. M., Birken, S. A., & Moss-Racusin, C. (2017) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-016-0579-0 · Cited by 173
Intraindividual models of employee well-being: What have we learned and where do we go from here?
Ilies, R., Aw, S. S. Y., & Pluut, H. (2015) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2015.1071422 · Cited by 167
Gender and Telework: Work and Family Experiences of Teleworking Professional, Middle-class, Married Women with Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey
Çoban, S. (2022) · Gender, Work & Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.12684 · Cited by 169
Work–family effects of servant leadership: The roles of emotional exhaustion and personal learning
Tang, G., Kwan, H. K., Zhang, D., & Zhu, Z. (2016) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2559-7 · Cited by 167
Violating Work-Family Boundaries: Reactions to Interruptions at Work and Home
Hunter, E. M., Clark, M. A., & Carlson, D. S. (2019) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206317702221 · Cited by 164
How extended work availability affects well-being: The mediating roles of psychological detachment and work-family-conflict
Dettmers, J. (2017) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678373.2017.1298164 · Cited by 161
The Work–Family Conflict Scale (WAFCS): Development and Initial Validation of a Self-report Measure of Work–Family Conflict for Use with Parents
Haslam, D., Filus, A., Morawska, A., Sanders, M. R., & Fletcher, R. (2015) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-014-0476-0 · Cited by 161
The Intersection of Work and Family Life: The Role of Affect
Eby, L. T., Maher, C. P., & Butts, M. M. (2010) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100422 · Cited by 160
Work-to-relationship conflict: Crossover effects in dual-earner couples.
Matthews, R. A., Del Priore, R. E., Acitelli, L. K., & Barnes-Farrell, J. L. (2006) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.11.3.228 · Cited by 144
Antecedents and Outcomes of Work-Family Conflict: Toward a Motivational Model
Senécal, C., Vallerand, R. J., & Guay, F. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167201272004 · Cited by 142
Switching on and off…: Does smartphone use obstruct the possibility to engage in recovery activities?
Derks, D., ten Brummelhuis, L. L., Zecic, D., & Bakker, A. B. (2014) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2012.711013 · Cited by 132
Explaining the links between workload, distress, and work–family conflict among school employees: physical, cognitive, and emotional fatigue.
Ilies, R., Huth, M., Ryan, A. M., & Dimotakis, N. (2015) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000029 · Cited by 132
Work and Family Roles and Psychological Well-Being in Urban China
Lai, G. (1995) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2137285 · Cited by 121
High rates of burnout among maternal health staff at a referral hospital in Malawi: A cross-sectional study
Thorsen, V. C., Tharp, A. L. T., & Meguid, T. (2011) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/1472-6955-10-9 · Cited by 119
Association between Work-Family Conflict and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Female Nurses: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Psychological Capital
Hao, J., Wu, D., Liu, L., Li, X., & Wu, H. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph120606682 · Cited by 102
Work–home interference: How does it manifest itself from day to day?
Van Hooff, M. L. M., Geurts, S. A. E., Kompier, M. A. J., & Taris, T. W. (2006) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678370600915940 · Cited by 102
A double-edged sword: Relationship between full-range leadership behaviors and followers' hair cortisol level
Diebig, M., Bormann, K. C., & Rowold, J. (2016) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.04.001 · Cited by 101
New Technologies Smart, or Harm Work-Family Boundaries Management? Gender Differences in Conflict and Enrichment Using the JD-R Theory
Ghislieri, C., Emanuel, F., Molino, M., Cortese, C. G., & Colombo, L. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01070 · Cited by 99
Spillover of interpersonal conflicts from work into nonwork: A daily diary study.
Martinez-Corts, I., Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Boz, M. (2015) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0038661 · Cited by 92
Workplace surface acting and marital partner discontent: Anxiety and exhaustion spillover mechanisms.
Krannitz, M. A., Grandey, A. A., Liu, S., & Almeida, D. A. (2015) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0038763 · Cited by 81
Conflict between work and family: An investigation of four policy measures
Ruppanner, L. (2013) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9933-3 · Cited by 77
Work–Family Conflict and Turnover Intentions Among Scientists and Engineers Working in R&D
Post, C., DiTomaso, N., Farris, G. F., & Cordero, R. (2009) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-009-9089-1 · Cited by 74
Teleworking in times of COVID-19: the role of Family-Supportive supervisor behaviors in workers’ work-family management, exhaustion, and work engagement
Chambel, M. J., Castanheira, F., & Santos, A. (2023) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2022.2063064 · Cited by 70
Employee thriving at work: the long reach of family incivility and family support
Ren, S., Babalola, M. T., Ogbonnaya, C., Hochwarter, W. A., Akemu, O., & Agyemang‐Mintah, P. (2022) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2559 · Cited by 63
The impact of AI literacy on work–life balance and job satisfaction among university faculty: a self-determination theory perspective
Huang, L., & Zhao, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1669247 · Cited by 55
Therapists' Experiences of Conducting Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Online vis-à-vis Face-to-Face
Bengtsson, J., Nordin, S., & Carlbring, P. (2015) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2015.1053408 · Cited by 48
Disenfranchised Guilt-Pet Owners' Burden.
Kogan, L. R., Bussolari, C., Currin-McCulloch, J., Packman, W., & Erdman, P. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12131690 · Cited by 52
Theoretical perspectives of balance and the influence of gender ideologies
Wada, M., Backman, C. L., & Forwell, S. J. (2010) · Journal of Occupational Science · doi:10.1080/14427591.2010.9686680 · Cited by 47
The associations between psychosocial working conditions and changes in common mental disorders: a follow-up study
Laine, H., Saastamoinen, P., Lahti, J., Rahkonen, O., & Lahelma, E. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-588 · Cited by 35
Three-dimensional filial piety scale: development and validation of filial piety among Chinese working adults.
Shi, J., & Wang, F. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02040 · Cited by 35
Identity accumulation, others' acceptance, job-search self-efficacy, and stress
Lang, J. C., & Lee, C. H. (2005) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.309 · Cited by 34
Computer-based versus in-person interventions for preventing and reducing stress in workers
Kuster, A. T., Dalsbø, T. K., Luong Thanh, B. Y., Agarwal, A., Durand-Moreau, Q. V., & Kirkehei, I. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011899.pub2 · Cited by 28
Technostress and work-family conflict in ICT-user employees during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of social support and mindfulness
Azpíroz-Dorronsoro, C., Fernández-Muñiz, B., Montes-Peón, J. M., & Vázquez-Ordás, C. J. (2024) · Behaviour & Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2023.2220051 · Cited by 28
Technology Advancements and Employees’ Qualitative Job Insecurity in the Republic of Korea: Does Training Help? Employer-Provided vs. Self-Paid Training
Lee, H. J., Probst, T. M., Bazzoli, A., & Lee, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192114368 · Cited by 23
Relationship between work–family conflict, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms among mental health nurses
Mohamed, B. E. S., Ghaith, R. F. A. H., & Ahmed, H. A. A. (2022) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s43045-022-00183-3 · Cited by 22
Faculty Time Expenditure Across Research, Teaching, and Service: Do Gender Differences Persist?
Allen, T. D., Miller, M. H., French, K. A., Kim, E., & Centeno, G. (2023) · Occupational Health Science · doi:10.1007/s41542-023-00156-w · Cited by 28
“…time spent in unpaid domestic work such as childcare and eldercare alongside time spent in paid work activities is critical as time spent on one activity can compete with time spent in another activity, contributing to work-family conflict (Allen et al., 2020; Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985).”
Background
Parent and Child Experiences of Parental Work–Family Conflict and Satisfaction with Work and Family
Morr Loftus, M. C., & Droser, V. A. (2020) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x19895043 · Cited by 16
Can boundary-spanning leaders take good care of their families? A work-home resource model of leader boundary-spanning behavior
Song, M., Jiang, A., Wang, Z., & Hu, H. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113517 · Cited by 15
How do Informal Caregivers of Seniors; Tasks Lead to Presenteeism and Absenteeism Behaviors? A Canadian Quantitative Study
Beauchamp Legault, M.-È., Chênevert, D., Maisonneuve, F., & Mansour, S. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20075392 · Cited by 14
Understanding employees' response to work-related after-hours use of instant messaging apps: a stress and coping perspective
Cheng, H.-L., Lin, T.-C., Tan, W.-K., & Chiu, C.-M. (2021) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-06-2020-0214 · Cited by 11
The impact of family support on depression among primary and secondary school teachers in China: the serial mediating roles of subjective time pressure and work-family conflict
Zhong, S., Hu, J., & Xu, H. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03543-w · Cited by 4
Daily Time-Use Patterns and Quality of Life in Parents: Protocol for a Pilot Quasi-Experimental, Nonrandomized Controlled Trial Using Ecological Momentary Assessment
Altweck, L., Schmidt, S., & Tomczyk, S. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/54728 · Cited by 4

Authors: Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J.
Venue: Academy of Management Review
Publisher: Academy of Management
Published: 1985-01-01
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 76-88
ISSN: 0363-7425 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.5465/amr.1985.4277352
OpenAlex: W2165049423
Cited by: 4,788
References: 0
FWCI: 37.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review