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Cited by 1,483Genetic Associations and EpidemiologySchizophrenia research and treatmentGenetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 86 of the 90 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 57 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.

Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders

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Lee, Phil H., Anttila, Verneri, Won, Hyejung, Feng, Yen-Chen A., Rosenthal, Jacob, Zhu, Zhaozhong, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Nivard, Michel G., Grotzinger, Andrew D., Posthuma, Danielle, Wang, Meg M.-J., Yu, Dongmei, Stahl, Eli A., Walters, Raymond K., Anney, Richard J.L., Duncan, Laramie E., Ge, Tian, Adolfsson, Rolf, Banaschewski, Tobias, Belangero, Sintia, Cook, Edwin H., Coppola, Giovanni, Derks, Eske M., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Kaprio, Jaakko, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Kirov, George, Kranzler, Henry R., Luykx, Jurjen J., Rohde, Luis A., Zai, Clement C., Agerbo, Esben, Arranz, M.J., Asherson, Philip, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Baldursson, Gísli, Bellgrove, Mark, Belliveau, Richard A., Buitelaar, Jan, Burton, Christie L., Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Casas, Miquel, Cerrato, Felecia, Chambert, Kimberly, Churchhouse, Claire, Cormand, Bru, Crosbie, Jennifer, Dalsgaard, Søren, Demontis, Ditte, Doyle, Alysa E., Dumont, Ashley, Elia, Josephine, Grove, Jakob, Gudmundsson, Olafur O., Haavik, Jan, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hansen, Christine S., Hartman, Catharina A., Hawi, Ziarih, Hervás, Amaia, Hougaard, David M., Howrigan, Daniel P., Huang, Hailiang, Kuntsi, Jonna, Langley, Kate, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Leung, Patrick W.L., Loo, Sandra K., Martin, Joanna, Martin, Alicia R., McGough, James J., Medland, Sarah E., Moran, Jennifer L., Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben B., Oades, Robert D., Palmer, Duncan S., Pedersen, Carsten B., Pedersen, Marianne G., Peters, Triinu, Poterba, Timothy, Poulsen, Jesper B., Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Reif, Andreas, Ribasés, Marta, Rothenberger, Aribert, Rovira, Paula, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Satterstrom, F. 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Anthony, Oh, Sang-Yun, Palotie, Aarno, Pantelis, Christos, Pulver, Ann E., Petryshen, Tracey L., Quested, Digby J., Riley, Brien, Sanders, Alan R., Schall, Ulrich, Schwab, Sibylle G., Scott, Rodney J., Sham, Pak C., Silverman, Jeremy M., Sim, Kang, Steixner, Agnes A., Tooney, Paul A., van Os, Jim, Vawter, Marquis P., Walsh, Dermot, Weiser, Mark, Wildenauer, Dieter B., Williams, Nigel M., Wormley, Brandon K., Zhang, Fuquan, Androutsos, Christos, Arnold, Paul D., Barr, Cathy L., Barta, Csaba, Bey, Katharina, Bienvenu, O. Joseph, Black, Donald W., Brown, Lawrence W., Budman, Cathy, Cath, Danielle, Cheon, Keun-Ah, Ciullo, Valentina, Coffey, Barbara J., Cusi, Daniele, Davis, Lea K., Denys, Damiaan, Depienne, Christel, Dietrich, Andrea, Eapen, Valsamma, Falkai, Peter, Fernandez, Thomas V., Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, Geller, Daniel A., Gilbert, Donald L., Grados, Marco A., Greenberg, Erica, Grünblatt, Edna, Hagstrøm, Julie, Hanna, Gregory L., Hartmann, Andreas, Hedderly, Tammy, Heiman, Gary A., Heyman, Isobel, Hong, Hyun Ju, Huang, Alden, Huyser, Chaim, Ibanez-Gomez, Laura, Khramtsova, Ekaterina A., Kim, Young Key, Kim, Young-Shin, King, Robert A., Koh, Yun-Joo, Konstantinidis, Anastasios, Kook, Sodahm, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett L., Lochner, Christine, Ludolph, Andrea G., Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Malaty, Irene, Maras, Athanasios, McCracken, James T., Meijer, Inge A., Mir, Pablo, Morer, Astrid, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R., Münchau, Alexander, Murphy, Tara L., Naarden, Allan, Nagy, Peter, Nestadt, Gerald, Nestadt, Paul S., Nicolini, Humberto, Nurmi, Erika L., Okun, Michael S., Paschou, Peristera, Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Pittenger, Christopher, Plessen, Kerstin J., Richter, Margaret A., Rizzo, Renata, Robertson, Mary, Roessner, Veit, Ruhrmann, Stephan, Samuels, Jack F., Sandor, Paul, Schlögelhofer, Monika, Shin, Eun-Young, Singer, Harvey, Song, Dong-Ho, Song, Jungeun, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Stein, Dan J., Stewart, S Evelyn, Storch, Eric A., Stranger, Barbara, Stuhrmann, Manfred, Tarnok, Zsanett, Tischfield, Jay A., Tübing, Jennifer, Visscher, Frank, Vulink, Nienke, Wagner, Michael, Walitza, Susanne, Wanderer, Sina, Woods, Martin, Worbe, Yulia, Zai, Gwyneth, Zinner, Samuel H., Sullivan, Patrick F., Franke, Barbara, Daly, Mark J., Bulik, Cynthia M., Lewis, Cathryn M., McIntosh, Andrew M., O’Donovan, Michael C., Zheutlin, Amanda, Andreassen, Ole A., Børglum, Anders D., Breen, Gerome, Edenberg, Howard J., Fanous, Ayman H., Faraone, Stephen V., Gelernter, Joel, Mathews, Carol A., Mattheisen, Manuel, Mitchell, Karen S., Neale, Michael C., Nurnberger, John I., Ripke, Stephan, Santangelo, Susan L., Scharf, Jeremiah M., Stein, Murray B., Thornton, Laura M., Walters, James T.R., Wray, Naomi R., Geschwind, Daniel H., Neale, Benjamin M., Kendler, Kenneth S., Smoller, Jordan W.·2019·Cell
DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.020PMC PMC7077032
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Abstract

Genetic influences on psychiatric disorders transcend diagnostic boundaries, suggesting substantial pleiotropy of contributing loci. However, the nature and mechanisms of these pleiotropic effects remain unclear. We performed analyses of 232,964 cases and 494,162 controls from genome-wide studies of anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and Tourette syndrome. Genetic correlation analyses revealed a meaningful structure within the eight disorders, identifying three groups of inter-related disorders. Meta-analysis across these eight disorders detected 109 loci associated with at least two psychiatric disorders, including 23 loci with pleiotropic effects on four or more disorders and 11 loci with antagonistic effects on multiple disorders. The pleiotropic loci are located within genes that show heightened expression in the brain throughout the lifespan, beginning prenatally in the second trimester, and play prominent roles in neurodevelopmental processes. These findings have important implications for psychiatric nosology, drug development, and risk prediction.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.020

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    The nature and mechanisms of pleiotropic effects across psychiatric disorders are not yet clear.

    “However, the nature and mechanisms of these pleiotropic effects remain unclear.”

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    Effects are either present or absent in studies.

    “This estimation, known as the mvalue, relies on two assumptions, 1) effects are either present or absent in studies, and 2) if they are present, they are similarly sized across studies.”

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    If effects are present, they are similarly sized across studies.

    “This estimation, known as the mvalue, relies on two assumptions, 1) effects are either present or absent in studies, and 2) if they are present, they are similarly sized across studies.”
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  • Schizophrenia control counts differ

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    Table 1 lists 43,456 schizophrenia controls, while the methods list 43,546 for the European-ancestry cohorts. The two counts differ by 90 people.

  • Anorexia nervosa control counts differ

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    Table 1 lists 10,983 anorexia nervosa controls, but the methods list 10,982 and say all participants from that study were included in the current analyses.

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Lee, P. H., Anttila, V., Won, H., Feng, Y.-C. A., Rosenthal, J., Zhu, Z., Tucker-Drob, E. M., Nivard, M. G., Grotzinger, A. D., Posthuma, D., Wang, M. M.-J., Yu, D., Stahl, E. A., Walters, R. K., Anney, R. J. L., Duncan, L. E., Ge, T., Adolfsson, R., Banaschewski, T., Belangero, S., Cook, E. H., Coppola, G., Derks, E. M., Hoekstra, P. J., Kaprio, J., Keski-Rahkonen, A., Kirov, G., Kranzler, H. R., Luykx, J. J., Rohde, L. A., Zai, C. C., Agerbo, E., Arranz, M. J., Asherson, P., Bækvad-Hansen, M., Baldursson, G., Bellgrove, M., Belliveau, R. A., Buitelaar, J., Burton, C. L., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Casas, M., Cerrato, F., Chambert, K., Churchhouse, C., Cormand, B., Crosbie, J., Dalsgaard, S., Demontis, D., Doyle, A. E., Dumont, A., Elia, J., Grove, J., Gudmundsson, O. O., Haavik, J., Hakonarson, H., Hansen, C. S., Hartman, C. A., Hawi, Z., Hervás, A., Hougaard, D. M., Howrigan, D. P., Huang, H., Kuntsi, J., Langley, K., Lesch, K.-P., Leung, P. W. L., Loo, S. K., Martin, J., Martin, A. R., McGough, J. J., Medland, S. E., Moran, J. L., Mors, O., Mortensen, P. B., Oades, R. D., Palmer, D. S., Pedersen, C. B., Pedersen, M. G., Peters, T., Poterba, T., Poulsen, J. B., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Reif, A., Ribasés, M., Rothenberger, A., Rovira, P., Sánchez-Mora, C., Satterstrom, F. K., Schachar, R., Artigas, M. S., Steinberg, S., Stefansson, H., Turley, P., Walters, G. B., Werge, T., Zayats, T., Arking, D. E., Bettella, F., Buxbaum, J. D., Christensen, J. H., Collins, R. L., Coon, H., De Rubeis, S., Delorme, R., Grice, D. E., Hansen, T. F., Holmans, P. A., Hope, S., Hultman, C. M., Klei, L., Ladd-Acosta, C., Magnusson, P., Nærland, T., Nyegaard, M., Pinto, D., Qvist, P., Rehnström, K., Reichenberg, A., Reichert, J., Roeder, K., Rouleau, G. A., Saemundsen, E., Sanders, S. J., Sandin, S., St Pourcain, B., Stefansson, K., Sutcliffe, J. S., Talkowski, M. E., Weiss, L. A., Willsey, A. J., Agartz, I., Akil, H., Albani, D., Alda, M., Als, T. D., Anjorin, A., Backlund, L., Bass, N., Bauer, M., Baune, B. T., Bellivier, F., Bergen, S. E., Berrettini, W. H., Biernacka, J. M., Blackwood, D. H. R., Bøen, E., Budde, M., Bunney, W., Burmeister, M., Byerley, W., Byrne, E. M., Cichon, S., Clarke, T.-K., Coleman, J. R. I., Craddock, N., Curtis, D., Czerski, P. M., Dale, A. M., Dalkner, N., Dannlowski, U., Degenhardt, F., Di Florio, A., Elvsåshagen, T., Etain, B., Fischer, S. B., Forstner, A. J., Forty, L., Frank, J., Frye, M., Fullerton, J. M., Gade, K., Gaspar, H. A., Gershon, E. S., Gill, M., Goes, F. S., Gordon, S. D., Gordon-Smith, K., Green, M. J., Greenwood, T. A., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, M., Guzman-Parra, J., Hauser, J., Hautzinger, M., Heilbronner, U., Herms, S., Hoffmann, P., Holland, D., Jamain, S., Jones, I., Jones, L. A., Kandaswamy, R., Kelsoe, J. R., Kennedy, J. L., Joachim, O. K., Kittel-Schneider, S., Kogevinas, M., Koller, A. C., Lavebratt, C., Lewis, C. M., Li, Q. S., Lissowska, J., Loohuis, L. M. 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K., Padyukov, L., Pantel, J., Papezova, H., Rabionet, R., Raevuori, A., Ramoz, N., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Ricca, V., Roberts, M., Rujescu, D., Rybakowski, F., Scherag, A., Schmidt, U., Seitz, J., Slachtova, L., Slof-Op‘t Landt, M. C. T., Slopien, A., Sorbi, S., Southam, L., Strober, M., Tortorella, A., Tozzi, F., Treasure, J., Tziouvas, K., van Elburg, A. A., Wade, T. D., Wagner, G., Walton, E., Watson, H. J., Wichmann, H.-E., Woodside, D. B., Zeggini, E., Zerwas, S., Zipfel, S., Adams, M. J., Andlauer, T. F. M., Berger, K., Binder, E. B., Boomsma, D. I., Castelao, E., Colodro-Conde, L., Direk, N., Docherty, A. R., Domenici, E., Domschke, K., Dunn, E. C., Foo, J. C., de. Geus, E. J. C., Grabe, H. J., Hamilton, S. P., Horn, C., Hottenga, J.-J., Howard, D., Ising, M., Kloiber, S., Levinson, D. F., Lewis, G., Magnusson, P. K. E., Mbarek, H., Middeldorp, C. M., Mostafavi, S., Nyholt, D. R., Penninx, B. W., Peterson, R. E., Pistis, G., Porteous, D. J., Preisig, M., Quiroz, J. A., Schaefer, C., Schulte, E. C., Shi, J., Smith, D. J., Thomson, P. A., Tiemeier, H., Uher, R., van der Auwera, S., Weissman, M. M., Alexander, M., Begemann, M., Bramon, E., Buccola, N. G., Cairns, M. J., Campion, D., Carr, V. J., Cloninger, C. R., Cohen, D., Collier, D. A., Corvin, A., DeLisi, L. E., Donohoe, G., Dudbridge, F., Duan, J., Freedman, R., Gejman, P. V., Golimbet, V., Godard, S., Ehrenreich, H., Hartmann, A. M., Henskens, F. A., Ikeda, M., Iwata, N., Jablensky, A. V., Joa, I., Jönsson, E. G., Kelly, B. J., Knight, J., Konte, B., Laurent-Levinson, C., Lee, J., Lencz, T., Lerer, B., Loughland, C. M., Malhotra, A. K., Mallet, J., McDonald, C., Mitjans, M., Mowry, B. J., Murphy, K. C., Murray, R. M., O’Neill, F. A., Oh, S.-Y., Palotie, A., Pantelis, C., Pulver, A. E., Petryshen, T. L., Quested, D. J., Riley, B., Sanders, A. R., Schall, U., Schwab, S. G., Scott, R. J., Sham, P. C., Silverman, J. M., Sim, K., Steixner, A. A., Tooney, P. A., van Os, J., Vawter, M. P., Walsh, D., Weiser, M., Wildenauer, D. B., Williams, N. M., Wormley, B. K., Zhang, F., Androutsos, C., Arnold, P. D., Barr, C. L., Barta, C., Bey, K., Bienvenu, O. J., Black, D. W., Brown, L. W., Budman, C., Cath, D., Cheon, K.-A., Ciullo, V., Coffey, B. J., Cusi, D., Davis, L. K., Denys, D., Depienne, C., Dietrich, A., Eapen, V., Falkai, P., Fernandez, T. V., Garcia-Delgar, B., Geller, D. A., Gilbert, D. L., Grados, M. A., Greenberg, E., Grünblatt, E., Hagstrøm, J., Hanna, G. L., Hartmann, A., Hedderly, T., Heiman, G. A., Heyman, I., Hong, H. J., Huang, A., Huyser, C., Ibanez-Gomez, L., Khramtsova, E. A., Kim, Y. K., Kim, Y.-S., King, R. A., Koh, Y.-J., Konstantinidis, A., Kook, S., Kuperman, S., Leventhal, B. L., Lochner, C., Ludolph, A. G., Madruga-Garrido, M., Malaty, I., Maras, A., McCracken, J. T., Meijer, I. A., Mir, P., Morer, A., Müller-Vahl, K. R., Münchau, A., Murphy, T. L., Naarden, A., Nagy, P., Nestadt, G., Nestadt, P. S., Nicolini, H., Nurmi, E. L., Okun, M. S., Paschou, P., Piras, F., Piras, F., Pittenger, C., Plessen, K. J., Richter, M. A., Rizzo, R., Robertson, M., Roessner, V., Ruhrmann, S., Samuels, J. F., Sandor, P., Schlögelhofer, M., Shin, E.-Y., Singer, H., Song, D.-H., Song, J., Spalletta, G., Stein, D. J., Stewart, S. E., Storch, E. A., Stranger, B., Stuhrmann, M., Tarnok, Z., Tischfield, J. A., Tübing, J., Visscher, F., Vulink, N., Wagner, M., Walitza, S., Wanderer, S., Woods, M., Worbe, Y., Zai, G., Zinner, S. H., Sullivan, P. F., Franke, B., Daly, M. J., Bulik, C. M., Lewis, C. M., McIntosh, A. M., O’Donovan, M. C., Zheutlin, A., Andreassen, O. A., Børglum, A. D., Breen, G., Edenberg, H. J., Fanous, A. H., Faraone, S. V., Gelernter, J., Mathews, C. A., Mattheisen, M., Mitchell, K. S., Neale, M. C., Nurnberger, J. I., Ripke, S., Santangelo, S. L., Scharf, J. M., Stein, M. B., Thornton, L. M., Walters, J. T. R., Wray, N. R., Geschwind, D. H., Neale, B. M., Kendler, K. S., & Smoller, J. W.
Affiliations
  • University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
  • Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
  • Broad Institute (US)
  • Harvard University (US)
  • The University of Texas at Austin (US)
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
  • Cardiff University (GB)
  • Wuhan University of Technology (CN)
  • Umeå University (SE)
  • Heidelberg University (DE)
  • Universidade Federal de São Paulo (BR)
  • University of Illinois Chicago (US)
  • University of Helsinki (FI)
  • Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers (US)
  • Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
  • Stanford University (US)
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
  • Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
  • Karolinska Institutet (SE)
  • Amsterdam Neuroscience (NL)
  • Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
  • Aarhus University (DK)
  • Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (FR)
Corresponding author
  • Jordan, Jennifer
  • Smoller, Jordan W.
ORCID
Venue
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-12
Volume
179
Issue
7
Pages
1469-1482.e11
ISSN
0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.020
PMC
PMC7077032
OpenAlex
W2995971356
Cited by
1,381
References
90
Citations by year
2026: 134 · 2025: 188 · 2024: 183 · 2023: 188 · 2022: 266 · 2021: 280 · 2020: 130 · 2019: 11
FWCI
103.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cell (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
  • Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (acceptedVersion)
  • ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
  • Worcester Research and Publications (University of Worcester) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
  • Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Pure (University of Bath) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • SUNY Digital Repository Support (State University of New York System) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • YUHSpace (Yonsei University Medical Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
  • IRIS (submittedVersion)
  • JuSER (Forschungszentrum Jülich) (submittedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Site cant be reached (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
  • Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
  • PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München (submittedVersion)
  • Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion)
  • VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
  • Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)
Funders
National Institutes of Health
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
Keywords
mental illness, pleiotropy, genetic correlation, shared genetic loci, anorexia nervosa, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, Tourette syndrome, brain gene expression, brain development, psychiatric classification, risk prediction
MeSH terms
Mental Disorders, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Quantitative Trait Loci, Genome-Wide Association Study, Neurogenesis, Genetic Pleiotropy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-06, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).

A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-06 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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