The DOI matches its Crossref record; 366 of the 366 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 5 of the 262 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Behavioral, perceptual, and neural alterations in sensory and multisensory function in autism spectrum disorder
Open accessAbstract
Although sensory processing challenges have been noted since the first clinical descriptions of autism, it has taken until the release of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013 for sensory problems to be included as part of the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the diagnostic profile. Because sensory information forms the building blocks for higher-order social and cognitive functions, we argue that sensory processing is not only an additional piece of the puzzle, but rather a critical cornerstone for characterizing and understanding ASD. In this review we discuss what is currently known about sensory processing in ASD, how sensory function fits within contemporary models of ASD, and what is understood about the differences in the underlying neural processing of sensory and social communication observed between individuals with and without ASD. In addition to highlighting the sensory features associated with ASD, we also emphasize the importance of multisensory processing in building perceptual and cognitive representations, and how deficits in multisensory integration may also be a core characteristic of ASD.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review argues that sensory and multisensory processing alterations are a core, underappreciated cornerstone of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), not merely an additional symptom. It synthesizes behavioral, perceptual, and neural evidence showing both unisensory differences and multisensory integration deficits that may cascade into social-communicative and cognitive symptoms.
Key findings
- Sensory abnormalities are highly prevalent in ASD, reported in up to 87% of individuals, and were formally included in the DSM-5 diagnostic profile in 2013; the paper cites an ASD incidence of 1 in 68 children, and as high as 1 in 42 for boys.
- ASD shows a simple/complex dissociation: intact or enhanced processing of simple stimuli (e.g., pitch, first-order visual features, some tactile thresholds) but difficulties with complex stimuli (e.g., second-order visual features, speech/prosody, face and object processing). In Järvinen-Pasley studies, individuals with ASD outperformed typically developing peers on pitch perception but underperformed on sentence content.
- Multisensory integration is reduced in ASD beyond what unisensory performance predicts: less benefit from visible speech in noise, diminished McGurk fusion, reduced sound-induced flash illusion, delayed rubber-hand and crossed-hand illusion effects, and altered audiovisual temporal acuity. EEG studies report decreased multisensory integration as early as 100 ms, with 100–130 ms effects correlated with clinical severity, and weaker/delayed auditory-somatosensory integration around 175 ms.
- Neural findings include reduced functional and structural connectivity, atypical face/voice/STS/FFA responses, reduced GABA in auditory/motor and frontal cortex, and excitation/inhibition imbalance; approximately 30% of individuals with ASD report seizures, and 50–70% of children with ASD show abnormal electrical activity during sleep.
Methods
- Design: narrative review of behavioral, perceptual, neuroimaging (fMRI, DTI, resting-state), EEG/ERP, and plasticity/remediation literature on sensory and multisensory function in ASD.
- Data or sample: no primary sample; synthesizes published studies comparing individuals with ASD and typically developing controls, including children and adults.
- Main analysis: qualitative synthesis and theoretical framing within theory of mind, weak central coherence, predictive coding, reduced sensory precision/reliability, excitation/inhibition imbalance, and temporal binding hypotheses.
Limitations
- Stated in the paper: ASD sensory research often focuses on a single sense or a small subset of tasks, limiting generalization; no strong consensus exists on a unifying theory of ASD; resting-state fMRI studies are confounded by motion and data-scrubbing artifacts; sensory integration therapy is based on subjective therapist judgments; better empirical characterization and computational modeling are needed.
- Stated in the paper: ASD heterogeneity and difficulty parsing sensory contributions from attention, executive function, and social-cognitive factors complicate interpretation.
- Evident from the text: as a narrative review, it does not systematically search or quantify the literature, conduct a meta-analysis, or present primary data to test causal claims.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
176 Not checked yet · 36 Own interpretation · 10 No basis given · 4 Supported · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“with greater symptom severity negatively correlated with right FFA activity (Scherf et al., 2015).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.1 Using functional MRI to probe altered neuronal circuits in ASD
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Scherf et al., 2015 source
The Results (Brain–age correlations) report that, among adolescents with high-functioning autism, higher symptom-severity scores were associated with lower face-related activation in the right FFA. The Discussion (Hypo-activation related to symptom severity and face recognition behavior) explicitly describes this as a negative relation. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“In a meta-analysis of ASD visual processing fMRI studies, Samson and colleagues found overall greater activity across a number of occipital, temporal, and parietal regions in individuals with ASD in face, object, and word perception studies (Samson et al., 2012).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.1 Using functional MRI to probe altered neuronal circuits in ASD
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Samson et al., 2012 source
The Abstract states that the meta-analysis examined face, object, and word processing and found overall greater activity in autistic than non-autistic participants in temporal, occipital, and parietal regions. The Summary of Findings likewise reports generally higher task-related activity in posterior regions when visual tasks were combined. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“showed intact performance for emotional voices (auditory only condition)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.1 Using functional MRI to probe altered neuronal circuits in ASD
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Doyle-Thomas et al., 2013 source
The Results section (“Behavioral results during fMRI,” Table 2) reports no significant accuracy difference between teens with ASD and controls on the auditory emotion task (p = 0.07). This supports the description of intact performance for emotional voices in the auditory-only condition. (LLM, conf=0.91)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“suggesting that some kinds of social stimuli do not evoke the same rewarding response in individuals with ASD as they do in individuals with typical development (Abrams et al., 2013)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.1 Using functional MRI to probe altered neuronal circuits in ASD
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Abrams et al., 2013 source
The Discussion reports reduced connectivity between voice-selective cortex and reward-processing regions in children with ASD compared with typically developing children. It suggests that this may impair their ability to experience speech as pleasurable, supporting the citing sentence’s hedged claim about some social stimuli. (LLM, conf=0.88)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“very simple sensory-based judgments and abilities, such as Vernier acuity (vision), frequency discrimination (auditory) and two-point discrimination (tactile), can be greatly improved using training approaches in which subjects are receiving feedback on the basis of their ongoing judgments (Kaas et al., 2013; Lev et al., 2014; Zaltz et al., 2010; Zhou et al., 2006).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 5 Plasticity and remediation therapies in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kaas et al., 2013 source
- Partly supportedcites Lev et al., 2014 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods (Training paradigm; page not provided) describe visual target-detection training with auditory and visual feedback, and the Results report improved visual contrast sensitivity. The paper does not establish training-related improvements in Vernier acuity, auditory frequency discrimination, or tactile two-point discrimination, so those examples are not supported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked yetcites Zaltz et al., 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“how deficits in multisensory integration may also be a core characteristic of ASD”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > Abstract
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“deficits in multisensory integration are noted between children with ASD and their typically developing (TD) peers even when unisensory performance is unimpaired (Foxe et al., 2013; Stevenson et al., 2014c; Stevenson et al., 2014d, e)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 1 Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Foxe et al., 2013 source
- Not checked yetcites Stevenson et al., 2014c
- Not checked yetcites Stevenson et al., 2014d, e
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“structured questionnaires invariably identify the presence of processing challenges in a number of sensory domains (Baranek et al., 2006; Rogers et al., 2003; Watling et al., 2001)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 1 Introduction
What the sources say
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it can be argued that such multisensory function is likely to be more strongly altered in ASD, given that many of the multisensory deficits observed in ASD go beyond what would be predicted by the individual unisensory performance”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 1 Introduction
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“evidence for differences in connectivity between distant brain regions in children with ASD (Abrams et al., 2013; Assaf et al., 2010; Maximo et al., 2014; Plitt et al., 2015) would also suggest a propensity towards multisensory deficits”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 1 Introduction
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 21
- It may state two separate claims as one. 40
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we argue that sensory processing is not only an additional piece of the puzzle, but rather a critical cornerstone for characterizing and understanding ASD”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > Abstract
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because sensory information forms the building blocks for higher-order social and cognitive functions”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“individuals with ASD have been shown to be better in discriminating between visual stimulus orientations that are defined on the basis of changes in luminance (”first-order” features, characterized at each point of an image independently), but to show difficulties in perceiving differences when these orientations are defined on the basis of contrast or textural cues (”second-order” features, which”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 2 Atypical sensory processing in ASD > 2.1 Sensory function within the individual modalities in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bertone et al., 2005 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Estimates suggest that the information gain in this situation is the equivalent of boosting the audible signal by up to 15 dB (Sumby and Pollack, 1954)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 1 Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sumby and Pollack, 1954 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The integration of information across the different senses is an essential process in the construction of healthy perceptual representations, and can be argued to represent one of the basic building blocks for the construction of cognitive representations and abilities”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 1 Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“individuals with ASD have either normal or enhanced performance in tasks that rely on the analysis of stimulus detail, but may have difficulties when this detail needs to be integrated in order to form a holistic image”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 2 Atypical sensory processing in ASD > 2.1 Sensory function within the individual modalities in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bertone et al., 2005 source
- Not checked yetcites Happé, 1996
- Not checked yetcites Shah and Frith, 1983
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“those with ASD have been reported to show behavioral improvements when perceiving simple, non-social sensory stimuli, yet to show deficits when perceiving more complex stimuli (Bertone et al., 2003, 2005; Bonnel et al., 2003; Minshew and Hobson, 2008; Mottron et al., 2006; Ristic et al., 2005; Vlamings et al., 2005)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 2 Atypical sensory processing in ASD > 2.1 Sensory function within the individual modalities in ASD
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These multisensory regions are found throughout the spinal cord and brainstem and are widely elaborated within the cerebral cortex (Beauchamp et al., 2004; Perrault et al., 2005; Stein et al., 2014; Wallace and Stein, 2007)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 1 Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Beauchamp et al., 2004
- Not checked yetcites Perrault et al., 2005
- Not checked yetcites Stein et al., 2014
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“neurons and neuronal circuits are specialized for the integration of information from the different sensory modalities, and frequently show marked non-linearities in their response profiles that are associated with the active integration process (Beauchamp, 2005; Meredith and Stein, 1983, 1985; Stevenson et al., 2012; Stevenson et al., 2014a; Wallace et al., 1998; Wallace et al., 1996)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 1 Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Beauchamp, 2005
- Not checked yetcites Meredith and Stein, 1983, 1985
- Not checked yetcites Stevenson et al., 2012
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In ASD, there is evidence for alterations in both dorsal and ventral stream functions, although there remains little consensus on the exact nature of these deficits.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 2 Atypical sensory processing in ASD > 2.1 Sensory function within the individual modalities in ASD
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Children with ASD are often significantly better at counting the number of simple shapes within the larger image, but often show decreased performance in identifying the larger holistic image.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 2 Atypical sensory processing in ASD > 2.1 Sensory function within the individual modalities in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bertone et al., 2005 source
- Not checked yetcites de Jonge et al., 2006
- Not checked yetcites Happé, 1996
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Similar results (and perhaps a tendency toward enhanced performance relative to their TD counterparts) have been observed with other low-level auditory features such as frequency (Heaton et al., 1999; Jones et al., 2009; Mottron et al., 2000)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 2 Atypical sensory processing in ASD > 2.1 Sensory function within the individual modalities in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Heaton et al., 1999
- Not checked yetcites Jones et al., 2009
- Not checked yetcites Mottron et al., 2000
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The speed of responses to the light-sound (i.e., multisensory) pairing is substantially faster than to either of the unisensory (i.e., visual alone or auditory alone) conditions, and is also faster than would be predicted based on pure probability summation”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 1 Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Colonius and Diederich, 2004
- Not checked yetcites Gondan et al., 2004
- Not checked yetcites Miller, 1982
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“where deficits in both patterns of gaze and face recognition have been well established”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 2 Atypical sensory processing in ASD > 2.1 Sensory function within the individual modalities in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Behrmann et al., 2006 source
- Not checked yetcites Simmons et al., 2009
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“it was found that although children with ASD indeed showed deficits in visual motion tasks (with the strongest changes being seen in biological motion processing), that a large portion of this could be accounted for by differences in higher-order cognitive factors (Koldewyn et al., 2010)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 2 Atypical sensory processing in ASD > 2.1 Sensory function within the individual modalities in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Koldewyn et al., 2010
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the processing of first-order visual features is believed to be subserved by regions of primary visual cortex, second- and higher-order processing is suggested to be mediated by regions further up the processing hierarchy (Dumoulin et al., 2003)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 2 Atypical sensory processing in ASD > 2.1 Sensory function within the individual modalities in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dumoulin et al., 2003
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Individuals with ASD outperformed their TD peers on pitch perception, but underperformed on the perception of sentence content.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 2 Atypical sensory processing in ASD > 2.1 Sensory function within the individual modalities in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Järvinen-Pasley and Heaton, 2007
- Not checked yetcites Järvinen-Pasley et al., 2008a
- Not checked yetcites Järvinen-Pasley et al., 2008c
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Recent work in the realm of visual-vestibular integration, however, suggests that individuals with ASD may be able to integrate information in an optimal fashion but have a poor tolerance for noise (Zaidel et al., 2015)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 2 Atypical sensory processing in ASD > 2.2 Differences in the integration of information across sensory modalities
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Zaidel et al., 2015 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“children with ASD show increased thresholds when asked to localize a static (no change in amplitude over time) stimulus, but no differences in thresholds for the detection of a dynamic (amplitude increasing over time) stimulus (Puts et al., 2014)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 2 Atypical sensory processing in ASD > 2.1 Sensory function within the individual modalities in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Puts et al., 2014
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, across both a number of both simple and more complex sensory illusions that rely on integration for the illusory percept, individuals with ASD seem to show multisensory integration to a lesser extent than their TD peers based on their reduced susceptibility to these illusions.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 2 Atypical sensory processing in ASD > 2.2 Differences in the integration of information across sensory modalities
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Two of the presumptive brain regions mediating ToM function, the STS and TPJ (see above), receive convergent input from a variety of sensory domains and have been shown to play important roles in the integration of this information (Beauchamp et al., 2012; Downar et al., 2000, 2001; James et al., 2011; Shulman et al., 2003; Stevenson et al., 2007; Stevenson and James, 2009).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 3 Theories of altered sensory and cognitive functioning in ASD > 3.1 Theory of mind
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although some of these studies have shown little change in unisensory function despite substantial changes in multisensory performance (Foxe et al., 2013; Stevenson et al., 2014c; Stevenson et al., 2014d, e), others have illustrated a complex pattern of differences that are ultimately difficult to interpret (Brandwein et al., 2012; Kwakye et al., 2011; Russo et al., 2010).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 2 Atypical sensory processing in ASD > 2.2 Differences in the integration of information across sensory modalities
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Results are in less agreement with non-speech stimuli, where some have found no difference between individuals with and without ASD (Bebko et al., 2006; Stevenson et al., 2014c) while others have found differences (de Boer-Schellekens et al., 2013; Foss-Feig et al., 2010; Kwakye et al., 2011).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 2 Atypical sensory processing in ASD > 2.2 Differences in the integration of information across sensory modalities
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“no strong consensus yet exists as to a “unifying” theory or view on ASD.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 3 Theories of altered sensory and cognitive functioning in ASD
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A later fMRI study of the EFT found not only reduced activation of the same visuospatial network, but also reduced connectivity between frontal areas and visuospatial areas (Damarla et al., 2010).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 3 Theories of altered sensory and cognitive functioning in ASD > 3.2 Weak central coherence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Damarla et al., 2010
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, on the Müller-Lyer illusion, individuals with ASD report the illusory percept when asked which line looks longer, but are not susceptible when asked which line is longer (Brosnan et al., 2004)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 3 Theories of altered sensory and cognitive functioning in ASD > 3.2 Weak central coherence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Brosnan et al., 2004
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This theory suggests that those with ASD have a diminished ability to imagine motives and feelings outside of their own mind, and thus have profound deficits in social communicative interactions.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 3 Theories of altered sensory and cognitive functioning in ASD > 3.1 Theory of mind
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Baron-Cohen, 1989
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this view, sensory-based performance differences may arise not from changes in the fidelity of the incoming sensory information, but rather from weaknesses in the ability to compare the incoming sensory stream with a statistical model of the world.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 3 Theories of altered sensory and cognitive functioning in ASD > 3.3 The predictive-coding hypothesis
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In a Bayesian framework, poor predictive coding can be thought of as having a weak (flat) prior probability distribution (Lawson et al., 2014)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 3 Theories of altered sensory and cognitive functioning in ASD > 3.3 The predictive-coding hypothesis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lawson et al., 2014 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Indeed, processing deficits within a sensory modality will undoubtedly result in processing changes when indexing multisensory function, and consequently can call into question claims of any degree of multisensory specificity regarding the documented changes.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 2 Atypical sensory processing in ASD > 2.2 Differences in the integration of information across sensory modalities
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“work by Brosnan and colleagues have shown that individuals with ASD may actually be just as susceptible to visual illusions, but that the key in revealing this is in how the question is framed in the task.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 3 Theories of altered sensory and cognitive functioning in ASD > 3.2 Weak central coherence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Brosnan et al., 2004
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Both reduced functional connectivity and reduced white matter integrity has been observed in individuals with ASD in multiple ToM associated areas (Kana et al., 2014)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 3 Theories of altered sensory and cognitive functioning in ASD > 3.1 Theory of mind
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kana et al., 2014 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“individuals with ASD were shown to exhibit reduced responses for pleasant or neutral textures presented to the hand, but displayed a greater response to stimulation with an unpleasant texture in the posterior cingulate and insula (Cascio et al., 2012b).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.1 Using functional MRI to probe altered neuronal circuits in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cascio et al., 2012b
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Intriguingly, in this study the size of the receptive fields were positively correlated with autistic traits (as measured by the Autism Quotient questionnaire), but not with behavioral measures like orientation and direction discrimination.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.1 Using functional MRI to probe altered neuronal circuits in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schwarzkopf et al., 2014 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In an auditory detection task using simple tone stimuli, individuals with ASD performed equivalently to their TD peers, and fMRI showed similar activation in temporal cortex but greater activation of right prefrontal and premotor cortex as well as left inferior parietal cortex in individuals with ASD during the detection task (Gomot et al., 2008).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.1 Using functional MRI to probe altered neuronal circuits in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gomot et al., 2008 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“with the prevailing view that excitation may be increased (greater glutamateric signaling) and inhibition may be reduced (less GABAergic signaling; Rubenstein and Merzenich, 2003).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 3 Theories of altered sensory and cognitive functioning in ASD > 3.4 Imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory processes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rubenstein and Merzenich, 2003 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Furthermore, the level of activity in these areas was positively correlated with sensory over-responsivity scores and behavioral anxiety ratings.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 3 Theories of altered sensory and cognitive functioning in ASD > 3.4 Imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory processes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Green et al., 2013 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“in a study comparing the perception of language versus songs in children with ASD, reduced activation was observed in the left IFG and STG for speech stimuli, but greater activation was observed during song perception relative to TD controls (Sharda et al., 2014).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.1 Using functional MRI to probe altered neuronal circuits in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sharda et al., 2014
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A related model to the predictive coding concept is grounded in reliability, and suggests that those with ASD may have greater variability (i.e., less reliability) in their behaviors and perceptions, and that these changes in reliability are related to changes in the variability of neural response patterns (Perez Velazquez and Galan, 2013).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 3 Theories of altered sensory and cognitive functioning in ASD > 3.4 Reduced sensory precision and reliability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Perez Velazquez and Galan, 2013
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This hypothesis proposes that the processes used to synchronize activity within neural networks, specifically synchronization of high-frequency gamma oscillations, are impacted in ASD.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 3 Theories of altered sensory and cognitive functioning in ASD > 3.5 Temporal binding hypothesis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Brock et al., 2002
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“children with ASD showed reduced responses in the STS (an area of robust activation voices in TD individuals) in response to a social auditory stimulus (voice), but similar responses to their TD counterparts with non-vocal (environmental) sounds (Gervais et al., 2004).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.1 Using functional MRI to probe altered neuronal circuits in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gervais et al., 2004 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a visual change detection task, adults with ASD performed at the same level as adults with TD, but showed greater activity in bilateral occipital cortex, but decreased activity in frontal (superior and middle frontal gyri bilaterally) cortex (Clery et al., 2013).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.1 Using functional MRI to probe altered neuronal circuits in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Clery et al., 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“One of the imaging methods of choice in ASD has been resting state fMRI (i.e., spontaneous, non task-evoked activity; Biswal et al., 1997), because it does not entail a task and hence is not fraught with some of the practical problems seen with more traditional task-based fMRI studies (most notable task compliance).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.1 Using functional MRI to probe altered neuronal circuits in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Biswal et al., 1997 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Individuals with ASD show stronger responses to high spatial frequency stimuli, but weaker responses to low spatial frequency stimuli (Vlamings et al., 2010).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.2 EEG studies of ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Vlamings et al., 2010 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“interpreted as reflecting the additional effort required for individuals with ASD to intuit mental states (Wang et al., 2006).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.1 Using functional MRI to probe altered neuronal circuits in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wang et al., 2006 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Although both teens with ASD and their TD peers showed greater activation in the multisensory condition compared to the unisensory condition”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.1 Using functional MRI to probe altered neuronal circuits in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Doyle-Thomas et al., 2013 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Studies using EEG have been most heavily applied in the auditory domain (for a review see Marco et al. (2011)).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.2 EEG studies of ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Marco et al. (2011) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“certain kinds of data scrubbing have been shown to artificially increase short-range connectivity and decrease long range connectivity (Gotts et al., 2013)”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.1 Using functional MRI to probe altered neuronal circuits in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gotts et al., 2013 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“EEG studies also have the benefit of high temporal fidelity, allowing an experimenter to assess at which processing stage atypical sensory processing takes place.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.2 EEG studies of ASD
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: EEG studies also have the benefit of high temporal fidelity, allowing an experimenter to assess at which processing stage atypical sensory processing takes place.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This synchronization of activity through oscillatory activity has been proposed to facilitate the binding of information across a number of perceptual and cognitive processes (Basar et al., 1999; Herrmann et al., 2015; Klimesch, 1999; Pulvermuller et al., 1997).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.2 EEG studies of ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Basar et al., 1999
- Not checked yetcites Herrmann et al., 2015
- Not checked yetcites Klimesch, 1999 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“one of ideas strongly based in neuroimaging data is that it is a connectivity disorder. That is, the observed deficits in ASD arise from poorly connected neural networks (Hughes, 2007), with nodes unable to effectively transfer and integrate information.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.1 Using functional MRI to probe altered neuronal circuits in ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hughes, 2007
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“EEG studies are relatively practical in this population; unlike fMRI, EEG does not require the same levels of stillness or exposure to loud scanning noises, which can be quite a challenge, particularly in children with ASD.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.2 EEG studies of ASD
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: EEG studies are relatively practical in this population; unlike fMRI, EEG does not require the same levels of stillness or exposure to loud scanning noises, which can be quite a challenge, particularly in children with ASD.
In the paper
“This Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, advocated by the National Institutes of Mental Health (Insel et al., 2010), focuses on specific characteristics or phenotypic traits that may be shared across conditions but that may be grounded in a common neurobiological process.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 6 Conclusions and future directions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Insel et al., 2010 source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“These perceptual differences were linked to changes in latency as well as in the networks recruited to support the perceptual processing.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 4 Evidence for alterations in neural processing relevant to sensory function in ASD > 4.2 EEG studies of ASD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Russo et al., 2012 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“these sensory issues may play an important and underappreciated role in domains of dysfunction such as social communication”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 5 Plasticity and remediation therapies in ASD
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“recent emphases in psychiatric research have advocated a shift away from a slavish adherence to strict diagnostic criteria and have instead suggested a more nuanced dimensional-based perspective toward elucidating the mechanistic underpinnings of psychiatric disease.”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 6 Conclusions and future directions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Insel et al., 2010 source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“autism and schizophrenia may represent opposing ends of a continuum of self-representation, and in which the former is characterized by greater weighting of self (versus other) and the latter is characterized by a greater weighting of factors beyond the self (and thus the propensity to hallucinations, etc.).”
§ Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder > 6 Conclusions and future directions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Eicher and Gruen, 2015
- Not checked yetcites Wible, 2012 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Little fMRI work has examined multisensory networks and integration in ASD.
“Surprisingly little work has been done to examine multisensory networks and multisensory integration using fMRI in individuals with ASD.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Oscillations at different EEG frequency bands reflect the brain's ability to coordinate communication across separate neuronal populations.
“In general, oscillations at different frequency bands observed in EEG are thought to reflect the ability of the brain to coordinate the communication of information across separate populations of neurons.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Sensory integration therapy (SIT) is one of the most commonly employed approaches used in ASD treatment and therapy.
“although sensory integration therapy (SIT) is one of the most commonly employed approaches used in ASD treatment and therapy”
The paper relies on this without support.
SIT is strongly founded in the subjective judgments of the occupational therapists administering the training.
“it is strongly founded in the subjective judgments of the occupational therapists administering the training.”
The paper relies on this without support.
SIT training is based on a different conceptual foundation than the one presented, emphasizing exposure to a wide array of sensory information to improve integration with cognitive representations.
“SIT training is based on a somewhat different conceptual foundation than that presented above, with the major emphasis being exposure to a wide array of sensory information in an effort to improve how this information is integrated with cognitive representations.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is now increased recognition and appreciation for a role for sensory dysfunction in the context of ASD.
“Although there is now increased recognition and appreciation for a role for sensory dysfunction in the context of ASD”
The paper relies on this without support.
Work on sensory dysfunction in ASD is still in its earliest stages.
“this work is still in its earliest stages”
The paper relies on this without support.
A growing number of studies have begun to examine sensory processing in ASD.
“While a growing number of studies have begun to examine sensory processing in ASD”
The paper relies on this without support.
These studies often continue to focus on a single task or small subset of tasks within a specific sensory modality.
“they often continue to focus on a single task or small subset of tasks within a specific sensory modality.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Little has been done to bridge across genotype-phenotype, imaging, and sensory areas in ASD.
“little has been done to bridge across these three areas”
The paper relies on this without support.
Even less has been done to incorporate sensory features and sensory networks into these analyses.
“even less has been done to incorporate sensory features and sensory networks into these analyses.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Autism and schizophrenia each have elements of a disturbed sense of self.
“each disorder has elements of a disturbed sense of self”
The paper relies on this without support.
Many resting state fMRI studies are plagued with interpretational confounds.
“Unfortunately, many resting state fMRI studies are plagued with interpretational confounds.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Motion can spuriously increase correlations between areas because movement across the head is correlated.
“Motion can spuriously increase correlations between areas because movement across the head is correlated.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Efforts to reduce the effects of motion can actually introduce artifacts into the data.
“these efforts to reduce the effects of motion can actually introduce artifacts into the data.”
The paper relies on this without support.
EEG studies are relatively practical in this population; unlike fMRI, EEG does not require the same levels of stillness or exposure to loud scanning noises, which can be quite a challenge, particularly in children with ASD.
“EEG studies are relatively practical in this population; unlike fMRI, EEG does not require the same levels of stillness or exposure to loud scanning noises, which can be quite a challenge, particularly in children with ASD.”
The paper relies on this without support.
EEG studies also have the benefit of high temporal fidelity, allowing an experimenter to assess at which processing stage atypical sensory processing takes place.
“EEG studies also have the benefit of high temporal fidelity, allowing an experimenter to assess at which processing stage atypical sensory processing takes place.”
The paper relies on this without support.
EEG studies of auditory processing in ASD have provided conflicting results.
“these studies have provided conflicting results.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Studies of auditory evoked potentials (AEP) have also produced disparate results.
“Studies of auditory evoked potentials (AEP), reflecting the processing of sound in auditory cortical regions, have also produced disparate results.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Very little work has been done to examine evoked responses to touch with EEG.
“Very little work has been done to examine evoked responses to touch with EEG.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Although little consensus exists as to the precise neurobiological substrates impacted in ASD (likely a result, at least in part, of the marked heterogeneity of the disorder).
“Although little consensus exists as to the precise neurobiological substrates impacted in ASD (likely a result, at least in part, of the marked heterogeneity of the disorder)”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The correlation between TW and higher BAMBI scores further supports the hypothesis that TW is embedded in a broader phenotype of sensory–behavioral dysregulation [42].”
From The Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Toe Walking in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Italian Pediatric Sample (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Citations
Cites
Shrestha, S., & Offer, S. M. (2016) · Medical Epigenetics · doi:10.1159/000444713 · Cited by 8,951
(1943) · The Nervous child · Cited by 8,870
Insel, T., Cuthbert, B., Garvey, M., Heinssen, R., Pine, D. S., Quinn, K., Sanislow, C., & Wang, P. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09091379 · Cited by 7,067
EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis
Klimesch, W. (1999) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00056-3 · Cited by 6,889
Functional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis
Greicius, M. D., Krasnow, B., Reiss, A. L., & Menon, V. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0135058100 · Cited by 6,358
Hearing lips and seeing voices
MCGURK, H., & MACDONALD, J. (1976) · Nature · doi:10.1038/264746a0 · Cited by 6,183
Baio, J., Wiggins, L., Christensen, D. L., Maenner, M. J., Daniels, J., Warren, Z., Kurzius-Spencer, M., Zahorodny, W., Robinson, C., Rosenberg, et al. (2018) · MMWR. Surveillance Summaries · doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1 · Cited by 6,078
The brainweb: phase synchronization and large-scale integration
Varela, F., Lachaux, J.-P., Rodriguez, E., & Martinerie, J. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35067550 · Cited by 4,761
A mechanism for cognitive dynamics: neuronal communication through neuronal coherence.
Fries, P. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.08.011 · Cited by 4,284
Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception
Navon, D. (1977) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(77)90012-3 · Cited by 4,005
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Brunelle, 2009, Autism and brain imaging, Bull. Acad. Natl. Med., 193, 287
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Robertson, C. E., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2017) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.112 · Cited by 1,157
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Classification, diagnosis and therapy
Sharma, S., Gonda, X., & Tarazi, F. I. (2018) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.007 · Cited by 745
The impact of atypical sensory processing on social impairments in autism spectrum disorder
Thye, M. D., Bednarz, H. M., Herringshaw, A. J., Sartin, E. B., & Kana, R. K. (2018) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2017.04.010 · Cited by 513
“In recent years, however, research focusing on the sensory domain has found that sensory processing abnormalities in ASD (see Baum et al., 2015; or Marco et al., 2011; for reviews) are reported across all ages and levels of symptom severity (Leekam et al., 2007) and adversely affect both daily…”
Feldman, J. I., Dunham, K., Cassidy, M. M., Wallace, M. T., Liu, Y., & Woynaroski, T. G. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.020 · Cited by 210
Self-citationPatients with autism spectrum disorders display reproducible functional connectivity alterations
Holiga, Š., Hipp, J. F., Chatham, C. H., Garcés, P., Spooren, W. P. J. M., D’ardhuy, X. L., Bertolino, A., Bouquet, C., Buitelaar, J. K., Bours, C., et al. (2019) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aat9223 · Cited by 175
Toward an interdisciplinary approach to understanding sensory function in autism spectrum disorder
Cascio, C. J., Woynaroski, T. G., Baranek, G. T., & Wallace, M. T. (2016) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1612 · Cited by 164
Self-citationThe cascading influence of multisensory processing on speech perception in autism
Stevenson, R. A., Segers, M., Ncube, B. L., Black, K. R., Bebko, J. M., Ferber, S., & Barense, M. D. (2017) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361317704413 · Cited by 171
Self-citationKojovic, N., Hadid, L. B., Franchini, M., & Schaer, M. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8101508 · Cited by 189
Multisensory Integration as a Window into Orderly and Disrupted Cognition and Communication
Wallace, M. T., Woynaroski, T. G., & Stevenson, R. A. (2019) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-051112 · Cited by 174
Self-citationThe associations between multisensory temporal processing and symptoms of schizophrenia
Stevenson, R. A., Park, S., Cochran, C., McIntosh, L. G., Noel, J., Barense, M. D., Ferber, S., & Wallace, M. T. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.09.035 · Cited by 155
Self-citationZhou, H., Cai, X., Weigl, M., Bang, P., Cheung, E. F. C., & Chan, R. C. K. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.12.013 · Cited by 153
Butera, C. D., Ring, P., Sideris, J. H., Jayashankar, A., Kilroy, E., Harrison, L., Cermak, S. A., & Aziz‐Zadeh, L. (2020) · Mind Brain and Education · doi:10.1111/mbe.12242 · Cited by 151
Dynamics of social representation in the mouse prefrontal cortex
Levy, D. R., Tamir, T., Kaufman, M., Parabucki, A., Weissbrod, A., Schneidman, E., & Yizhar, O. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0531-z · Cited by 135
Role of Oligodendrocytes and Myelin in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Gálvez‐Contreras, A. Y., Zárate-López, D., Torres-Chávez, A. L., & González-Pérez, Ó. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10120951 · Cited by 131
Keeping time in the brain: Autism spectrum disorder and audiovisual temporal processing
Stevenson, R. A., Segers, M., Ferber, S., Barense, M. D., Camarata, S., & Wallace, M. T. (2015) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1566 · Cited by 133
Self-citationMultisensory Integration in Cochlear Implant Recipients
Stevenson, R. A., Sheffield, S. W., Butera, I. M., Gifford, R. H., & Wallace, M. T. (2017) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000000435 · Cited by 110
Self-citationIdiosyncratic organization of cortical networks in autism spectrum disorder
Nunes, A. S., Peatfield, N. A., Vakorin, V. A., & Doesburg, S. M. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.022 · Cited by 99
Tactile hypersensitivity and GABA concentration in the sensorimotor cortex of adults with autism
Sapey‐Triomphe, L., Lamberton, F., Sonié, S., Mattout, J., & Schmitz, C. (2019) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2073 · Cited by 99
Schulz, S. E., & Stevenson, R. A. (2018) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361318774559 · Cited by 107
Self-citationPsychometric Evaluation of the Short Sensory Profile in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Williams, Z. J., Failla, M. D., Gotham, K. O., Woynaroski, T. G., & Cascio, C. J. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3678-7 · Cited by 101
Noel, J., Stevenson, R. A., & Wallace, M. T. (2018) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13911 · Cited by 97
Self-citationMeijer, G. T., Mertens, P. E. C., Pennartz, C. M. A., Olcese, U., & Lansink, C. S. (2019) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.01.004 · Cited by 84
Black, K. R., Stevenson, R. A., Segers, M., Ncube, B., Sun, S. Z., Philipp-Muller, A. Z., Bebko, J. M., Barense, M. D., & Ferber, S. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3161-x · Cited by 95
Self-citationSanz‐Cervera, P., Cerezuela, G. P., González‐Sala, F., Mínguez, R. T., & Andrés, M. I. F. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01772 · Cited by 101
A multisensory perspective on object memory
Matusz, P. J., Wallace, M. T., & Murray, M. M. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.04.008 · Cited by 89
Self-citationEnhanced rationality in autism spectrum disorder
Rozenkrantz, L., D’Mello, A. M., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2021) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2021.05.004 · Cited by 88
Noel, J., Blanke, O., & Serino, A. (2018) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13867 · Cited by 80
Sensory processing disorder: Key points of a frequent alteration in neurodevelopmental disorders
Galiana, A., Vela-Romero, M., Romero-Vela, V. M., Oliver-Tercero, N., García-Olmo, V., Benito-Castellanos, P. J., Muñoz-Martínez, V. E., & Beato‐Fernández, L. (2020) · Cogent Medicine · doi:10.1080/2331205x.2020.1736829 · Cited by 83
Longa, L. D., Valori, I., & Farroni, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795283 · Cited by 91
Zhou, H., Cheung, E. F. C., & Chan, R. C. K. (2020) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107396 · Cited by 80
Approaches to Understanding Multisensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Siemann, J. K., Veenstra‐VanderWeele, J., & Wallace, M. T. (2020) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2375 · Cited by 74
“…that (multi)sensory function may play a critical role in the establishment and maintenance of more complex functions such as social communication [Baum et al., 2015a; Robertson & Baron-Cohen, 2017; Stevenson et al., 2018; Stevenson, Siemann, Schneider, et al., 2014; Thye, Bednarz, Herringshaw,…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationPredictive waves in the autism-schizophrenia continuum: A novel biobehavioral model
Tarasi, L., Trajkovic, J., Diciotti, S., di Pellegrino, G., Ferri, F., Ursino, M., & Romei, V. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.006 · Cited by 74
Meilleur, A., Foster, N. E. V., Coll, S.-M., Brambati, S. M., & Hyde, K. L. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.013 · Cited by 91
Piccardi, E. S., Ali, J. B., Jones, E. J. H., Mason, L., Charman, T., Johnson, M. H., Gliga, T., BASIS/STAARS Team, Agyapong, M., Bazelmans, T., et al. (2021) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-020-09334-1 · Cited by 79
Multisensory speech perception in autism spectrum disorder: From phoneme to whole‐word perception
Stevenson, R. A., Baum, S. H., Segers, M., Ferber, S., Barense, M. D., & Wallace, M. T. (2017) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1776 · Cited by 82
Self-citationDisrupted integration of exteroceptive and interoceptive signaling in autism spectrum disorder
Noel, J., Lytle, M. N., Cascio, C. J., & Wallace, M. T. (2017) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1880 · Cited by 76
Self-citationKessler, K., Seymour, R. A., & Rippon, G. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.002 · Cited by 69
Translational use of event-related potentials to assess circuit integrity in ASD
Modi, M. E., & Şahin, M. (2017) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.15 · Cited by 72
Electroencephalogram Coherence Patterns in Autism: An Updated Review
Schwartz, S., Kessler, R., Gaughan, T., & Buckley, A. W. (2016) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.10.018 · Cited by 72
Noel, J., Niear, M. A. D., Lazzara, N. S., & Wallace, M. T. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems · doi:10.1109/tcds.2017.2778141 · Cited by 77
Self-citationELENA study group, Dellapiazza, F., Michelon, C., Oreve, M.-J., Robel, L., Schoenberger, M., Chatel, C., Vesperini, S., Maffre, T., Schmidt, R., et al. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-03970-w · Cited by 67
Evidence for Brainstem Contributions to Autism Spectrum Disorders
Dadalko, O. I., & Travers, B. G. (2018) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2018.00047 · Cited by 72
Network-specific sex differentiation of intrinsic brain function in males with autism
Floris, D. L., Lai, M., Nath, T., Milham, M. P., & Martino, A. D. (2018) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-018-0192-x · Cited by 65
Ciarrusta, J., Dimitrova, R., Batallé, D., O’Muircheartaigh, J., Cordero‐Grande, L., Price, A. N., Hughes, E., Kangas, J., Perry, E., Javed, A., et al. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0805-y · Cited by 70
Hirjak, D., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Fritze, S., Sambataro, F., Kubera, K. M., & Wolf, R. C. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.009 · Cited by 60
Visual Sensory Experiences From the Viewpoint of Autistic Adults
Parmar, K. R., Porter, C. S., Dickinson, C., Pelham, J. H., Baimbridge, P., & Gowen, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633037 · Cited by 70
Scott, K. E., Kazazian, K., Mann, R. S., Möhrle, D., Schormans, A. L., Schmid, S., & Allman, B. L. (2020) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2364 · Cited by 62
Bedford, S. A., Lai, M., Lombardo, M. V., Chakrabarti, B., Ruigrok, A. N. V., Suckling, J., Anagnostou, E. A., Lerch, J. P., Taylor, M. J., Nicolson, R., et al. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.07.024 · Cited by 63
Leisure participation and satisfaction in autistic adults and neurotypical adults
Stacey, T.-L., Froude, E., Trollor, J. N., & Foley, K. (2018) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361318791275 · Cited by 69
Distinct ERP profiles for auditory processing in infants at-risk for autism and language impairment
Riva, V., Cantiani, C., Mornati, G., Gallo, M., Villa, L. M., Mani, E., Saviozzi, I., Marino, C., & Molteni, M. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-19009-y · Cited by 65
Schelinski, S., & von Kriegstein, K. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3681-z · Cited by 64
Bridging the Gap Between Physical Health and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Sala, R., Amet, L., Blagojevic-Stokic, N., Shattock, P., & Whiteley, P. (2020) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s251394 · Cited by 68
Links between temporal acuity and multisensory integration across life span.
Stevenson, R. A., Baum, S. H., Krueger, J., NEWHOUSE, P. A., & Wallace, M. T. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/xhp0000424 · Cited by 69
Self-citationRobson, M. J., Quinlan, M. A., Margolis, K. G., Gajewski-Kurdziel, P. A., Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. M., Gershon, M. D., Watterson, D. M., & Blakely, R. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1809137115 · Cited by 58
Chen, B., Linke, A. C., Olson, L., Ibarra, C., Reynolds, S., Müller, R., Kinnear, M., & Fishman, I. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13268 · Cited by 60
Sapey‐Triomphe, L., Moulin, A. M., Sonié, S., & Schmitz, C. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3422-8 · Cited by 60
Bi, X.-A., Zhao, J., Xu, Q., Sun, Q., & Wang, Z. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00475 · Cited by 54
An autism-associated serotonin transporter variant disrupts multisensory processing
Siemann, J. K., Muller, C. L., Forsberg, C. G., Blakely, R., Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. M., & Wallace, M. T. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.17 · Cited by 54
Self-citationSugiyama, S., Ohi, K., Kuramitsu, A., Takai, K., Muto, Y., Taniguchi, T., Kinukawa, T. A., Takeuchi, N., Motomura, E., Nishihara, M., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.644541 · Cited by 55
Perini, I., Gustafsson, P. A., Igelström, K. M., Jasiunaite-Jokubaviciene, B., Kämpe, R., Mayo, L. M., Molander, J., Olausson, H., Zetterqvist, M., & Heilig, M. A. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01341-7 · Cited by 50
Quantitative Sensory Testing in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Fründt, O., Grashorn, W., Schöttle, D., Peiker, I., David, N., Engel, A. K., Forkmann, K., Wrobel, N., Münchau, A. M., & Bingel, U. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3041-4 · Cited by 53
Fetta, A., Carati, E., Moneti, L., Pignataro, V., Angotti, M., Bardasi, M. C., Cordelli, D. M., Franzonı, E., & Parmeggiani, A. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11040484 · Cited by 51
A developmental neuroscience approach to the search for biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder
Varcin, K. J., & Nelson, C. A. (2016) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000298 · Cited by 53
EEG data collection in children with ASD: The role of state in data quality and spectral power
DiStefano, C., Dickinson, A. H., Baker, E. J., & Jeste, S. (2018) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2018.10.001 · Cited by 52
Schulz, S. E., & Stevenson, R. A. (2019) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361319850402 · Cited by 50
Self-citationSchelinski, S., & von Kriegstein, K. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04244-1 · Cited by 48
Transdiagnostic Patterns of Sensory Processing in Autism and ADHD
Scheerer, N. E., Pourtousi, A., Yang, C. L., Ding, Z., Stojanoski, B. B., Anagnostou, E. A., Nicolson, R., Kelley, E. A., Georgiades, S., Crosbie, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05798-3 · Cited by 46
Self-citationStevenson, R. A., Toulmin, J. K., Youm, A., Besney, R. M. A., Schulz, S. E., Barense, M. D., & Ferber, S. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14632-1 · Cited by 48
Self-citationKuiper, M. W. M., Verhoeven, E. W. M., & Geurts, H. M. (2018) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361318788065 · Cited by 46
Sun, J.-W., Fan, R., Wang, Q., Wang, Q.-Q., Jia, X., & Ma, H. (2021) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147299 · Cited by 47
Novaković, N., Milovancevic, M. P., Dejanovic, S. D., & Aleksić, B. (2019) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2019.03.007 · Cited by 44
The Dutch Sensory Perception Quotient-Short in adults with and without autism
Weiland, R. F., Polderman, T. J. C., Hoekstra, R. A., Smit, D. J. A., & Begeer, S. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320942085 · Cited by 43
Resolution of impaired multisensory processing in autism and the cost of switching sensory modality
Crosse, M. J., Foxe, J. J., Tarrit, K., Freedman, E. G., & Molholm, S. (2022) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03519-1 · Cited by 50
Pierce, S., Kadlaskar, G., Edmondson, D. A., McNally Keehn, R., Dydak, U., & Keehn, B. (2021) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-020-09351-0 · Cited by 42
Panerai, S., Ferri, R., Catania, V., Zingale, M., Ruccella, D., Gelardi, D., Fasciana, D., & Elia, M. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10060336 · Cited by 48
Stevenson, R. A., Sun, S. Z., Hazlett, N., Cant, J. S., Barense, M. D., & Ferber, S. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2711-y · Cited by 49
Self-citationA Meta-Analysis and Critical Review of Prospective Memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Landsiedel, J., Williams, D. M., & Abbot‐Smith, K. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2987-y · Cited by 45
Visual-Tactile Spatial Multisensory Interaction in Adults With Autism and Schizophrenia
Noel, J.-P., Failla, M. D., Quinde-Zlibut, J. M., Williams, Z. J., Gerdes, M., Tracy, J. M., Zoltowski, A. R., Foss-Feig, J. H., Nichols, H., Armstrong, K., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.578401 · Cited by 39
Self-citationModeling dopamine dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: from invertebrates to vertebrates
DiCarlo, G. E., & Wallace, M. T. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.017 · Cited by 39
Self-citationA systematic-review of olfactory deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders: From mouse to human
Lyons-Warren, A. M., Herman, I., Hunt, P. J., & Arenkiel, B. R. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.024 · Cited by 38
Narzisi, A., Fabbri‐Destro, M., Crifaci, G., Scatigna, S., Maugeri, F., Berloffa, S., Fantozzi, P., Prato, A., Muccio, R., Valente, E., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11061668 · Cited by 40
Machine Learning Approaches to Analyze Speech-Evoked Neurophysiological Responses
Xie, Z., Reetzke, R., & Chandrasekaran, B. (2019) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-astm-18-0244 · Cited by 35
Kana, R., Sartin, E. B., Stevens, C., Deshpande, H., Klein, C. L., Klinger, M. R., & Klinger, L. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.06.008 · Cited by 37
Kovarski, K., Mennella, R., Wong, S. M., Dunkley, B. T., Taylor, M. J., & Batty, M. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3787-3 · Cited by 34
Fields, C., & Glazebrook, J. F. (2016) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-016-9419-8 · Cited by 33
Bao, V. A., Doobay, V. M., Mottron, L., Collignon, O., & Bertone, A. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3172-7 · Cited by 38
Krüttner, S., Falasconi, A., Valbuena, S., Galimberti, I., Bouwmeester, T., Arber, S., & Caroni, P. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.02.001 · Cited by 31
Aberrant causal inference and presence of a compensatory mechanism in autism spectrum disorder
Noel, J., Shivkumar, S., Dokka, K., Haefner, R. M., & Angelaki, D. E. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.71866 · Cited by 36
How auditory processing influences the autistic profile: A review
Poulsen, R. E., Williams, Z. J., Dwyer, P. S. R., Pellicano, E., Sowman, P. F., & McAlpine, D. (2024) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.3259 · Cited by 43
Spontaneous Activity Patterns Are Altered in the Developing Visual Cortex of the Fmr1 Knockout Mouse
Cheyne, J. E., Zabouri, N., Baddeley, D., & Löhmann, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2019.00057 · Cited by 31
Auditory Pitch Perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder Is Associated With Nonverbal Abilities
Chowdhury, R., Sharda, M., Foster, N. E. V., Germain, E., Tryfon, A., Doyle-Thomas, K., Anagnostou, E., & Hyde, K. L. (2017) · Perception · doi:10.1177/0301006617718715 · Cited by 33
El-Ansary, A. K., Bjørklund, G., Khemakhem, A. M., AL-Ayadhi, L. Y., Chirumbolo, S., & Bacha, A. G. B. (2018) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-018-1091-5 · Cited by 31
van Laarhoven, T., Stekelenburg, J. J., & Vroomen, J. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46084-0 · Cited by 35
Sensory cue combination in children under 10 years of age
Negen, J., Chere, B., Bird, L., Taylor, E., Roome, H. E., Keenaghan, S., Thaler, L., & Marko Nardini, A. (2019) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104014 · Cited by 33
Characterizing Inscapes and resting-state in MEG: Effects in typical and atypical development
Vandewouw, M. M., Dunkley, B. T., Lerch, J. P., Anagnostou, E. A., & Taylor, M. J. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117524 · Cited by 33
Knight, E. J., Oakes, L., Hyman, S. L., Freedman, E. G., & Foxe, J. J. (2020) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2362 · Cited by 29
Atypical Multisensory Integration and the Temporal Binding Window in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Kawakami, S., Uono, S., Otsuka, S., Yoshimura, S., Zhao, S., & Toichi, M. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04452-0 · Cited by 37
Hirjak, D., Meyer‐Lindenberg, A., Sambataro, F., Fritze, S., Kukovic, J., Kubera, K. M., & Wolf, R. C. (2021) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110370 · Cited by 30
Lavenne-Collot, N., Tersiguel, M., Dissaux, N., Degrez, C., Bronsard, G., Botbol, M., & Berthoz, A. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0275018 · Cited by 31
Nakajima, M., Schmitt, L. I., Feng, G., & Halassa, M. M. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.040 · Cited by 31
Metadata
- Authors
- Baum, S. H., Stevenson, R. A., & Wallace, M. T.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Wallace, Mark T.
- Venue
- Progress in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 134
- Pages
- 140-160
- ISSN
- 0301-0082 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4730891
- OpenAlex
- W1921335093
- Semantic Scholar
- bd3f2ce4b8c9916fe7428f0c4fffca27aeefebee
- Cited by
- 370
- References
- 365
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Progress in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Scholarship@Western (Western University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Wallace Foundation (DC010927, CA183492, HD83211)
- Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, sensory processing, multisensory integration, multisensory processing, social communication, perceptual representation
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Animals, Brain, Humans, Perception, Perceptual Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-08, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-08 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
