Fear Conditioning in Humans
Open accessAbstract
The degree to which perceptual awareness of threat stimuli and bodily states of arousal modulates neural activity associated with fear conditioning is unknown. We used functional magnetic neuroimaging (fMRI) to study healthy subjects and patients with peripheral autonomic denervation to examine how the expression of conditioning-related activity is modulated by stimulus awareness and autonomic arousal. In controls, enhanced amygdala activity was evident during conditioning to both "seen" (unmasked) and "unseen" (backward masked) stimuli, whereas insula activity was modulated by perceptual awareness of a threat stimulus. Absent peripheral autonomic arousal, in patients with autonomic denervation, was associated with decreased conditioning-related activity in insula and amygdala. The findings indicate that the expression of conditioning-related neural activity is modulated by both awareness and representations of bodily states of autonomic arousal.
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Pavlovian fear conditioning typically accelerates the reaction to the CS+ but not the CS-.
“Pavlovian fear conditioning typically accelerates the reaction to the CS+ but not the CS- (Critchley et al, 2002).”
From Oxytocin Facilitates Pavlovian Fear Learning in Males (2016) · cites this paper as Critchley et al, 2002
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Cognition, emotion, and the central autonomic network
Quadt, L., Critchley, H., & Nagai, Y. (2022) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102948 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationMidbrain activation during pavlovian conditioning and delusional symptoms in schizophrenia
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Cerebral Correlates of Salient Prediction Error for Different Rewards and Punishments
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Functional neuroanatomy of autonomic regulation
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Placebo analgesia: findings from brain imaging studies and emerging hypotheses
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Interactions between visceral afferent signaling and stimulus processing
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Self-citationFunctional Connectivity of the Medial Temporal Lobe Relates to Learning and Awareness
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Functional neuroimaging in specific phobia
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Oxytocin Facilitates Pavlovian Fear Learning in Males
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How Emotions Are Shaped by Bodily States
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Self-citationNeuroimaging and Anxiety: the Neural Substrates of Pathological and Non-pathological Anxiety
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The pleasure of food: Underlying brain mechanisms of eating and other pleasures
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- Authors
- Critchley, H. D., Mathias, C. J., & Dolan, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (GB)
- St Mary's Hospital (GB)
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Critchley, Hugo D
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-02
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 653-663
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1999030266
- Cited by
- 441
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 11.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 4184 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Brain Research Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- fear conditioning, threat perception, perceptual awareness, autonomic arousal, amygdala, insula, backward masking, bodily states
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Amygdala, Arousal, Autonomic Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System Diseases, Awareness, Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Conditioning, Psychological, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Net, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation
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