Methods for reducing biosensor membrane biofouling
Abstract
The deleterious effect that biofouling has on sensor stability is a serious impediment to the development of long term implanted biosensors. This paper reviews the surface modification strategies currently employed to minimize membrane biofouling of in vivo sensors. Nine sensor modifications are discussed herein: hydrogels, phospholipid-based biomimicry, flow-based systems, Nafion, surfactants, naturally derived materials, covalent attachments, diamond-like carbons, and topology.
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Electrode fouling, or passivation, occurs when diffusible small molecules contact the electrode surface after penetrating the sensor membrane.
“Electrode fouling (often called electrode passivation) is another cause of sensor instability, and occurs when diffusible small molecules come into contact with the surface of the electrode after penetration of the sensor membrane.74”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [74]
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- Authors
- Wisniewski, N., & Reichert, M.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reichert, Monty
- Venue
- Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-10
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 197-219
- ISSN
- 0927-7765 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2055926917
- Cited by
- 543
- References
- 138
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 10.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Bioengineering › Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Keywords
- membrane biofouling, surface modification, hydrogels, Nafion, surfactants, diamond-like carbon, surface topology, sensor stability
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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