Neural and metabolic regulation of macronutrient intake and selection

Berthoud, Hans-Rudolf; Münzberg, Heike; Richards, Brenda K.; Morrison, Christopher D.

doi:10.1017/s0029665112000559

Cited by 87Regulation of Appetite and ObesityBiochemical Analysis and Sensing TechniquesNutrition, Health and Food Behavior

Neural and metabolic regulation of macronutrient intake and selection

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Berthoud, Hans-Rudolf, Münzberg, Heike, Richards, Brenda K., Morrison, Christopher D.·2012·Proceedings of The Nutrition Society

DOI 10.1017/s0029665112000559PMC PMC3617924

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Abstract

There is considerable disagreement regarding what constitutes a healthy diet. Ever since the influential work of Cannon and Richter, it was debated whether the 'wisdom of the body' will automatically direct us to the foods we need for healthy lives or whether we must carefully learn to eat the right foods, particularly in an environment of plenty. Although it is clear that strong mechanisms have evolved to prevent consumption of foods that have previously made us sick, it is less clear whether reciprocal mechanisms exist that reinforce the consumption of healthy diets. Here, we review recent progress in providing behavioural evidence for the regulation of intake and selection of proteins, carbohydrates and fats. We examine new developments in sensory physiology enabling recognition of macronutrients both pre- and post-ingestively. Finally, we propose a general model for central neural processing of nutrient-specific appetites. We suggest that the same basic neural circuitry responsible for the homoeostatic regulation of total energy intake is also used to control consumption of specific macro- and micronutrients. Similar to salt appetite, specific appetites for other micro- and macronutrients may be encoded by unique molecular changes in the hypothalamus. Gratification of such specific appetites is then accomplished by engaging the brain motivational system to assign the highest reward prediction to exteroceptive cues previously associated with consuming the missing ingredient. A better understanding of these nutrient-specific neural processes could help design drugs and behavioural strategies that promote healthier eating.

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A large and growing literature clearly demonstrates that animals selectively detect and adaptively respond to the restriction of dietary protein.
“there is a large and growing literature that rather clearly demonstrates that animals selectively detect and adaptively respond to the restriction of dietary protein”
From FGF21 and the physiological regulation of macronutrient preference (2020) · cites this paper as [53]

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[14]Simpson SJ Raubenheimer D Berthoud HR Seeley RJ Geometric models of macronutrient selection Neural and Metabolic Control of Macronutrient Intake 2000 29 42 CRC Press Boca Raton, FL
[15]de Castro JM Berthoud HR Seeley RJ Macronutrient selection in free-feeding humans: evidence for long-term regulation Neural and Metabolic Control of Macronutrient Intake 2000 43 59 CRC Press Boca Raton, FL
[16]Berthoud HR Seeley RJ Neural and Metabolic Control of Macronutrient Intake 2000 CRC Press Boca Raton, FL
[52]Davidson TL Morell JR Benoit SC Berthoud HR Seeley RJ Memory and macronutrient regulation Neural and Metabolic Control of Macronutrient Intake 2000 203 217 CRC Press Boca Raton, FL

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Authors: Berthoud, H.-R., Münzberg, H., Richards, B. K., & Morrison, C. D.
Affiliations: Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
Corresponding author: Berthoud, Hans-Rudolf
ORCID: Berthoud, Hans-Rudolf
Münzberg, Heike
Richards, Brenda K.
Morrison, Christopher D.
Venue: Proceedings of The Nutrition Society
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2012-05-23
Volume: 71
Issue: 3
Pages: 390-400
ISSN: 0029-6651 (ISSN-L)
1475-2719
DOI: 10.1017/s0029665112000559
PMC: PMC3617924
OpenAlex: W1966444322
Cited by: 87
References: 118
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5
FWCI: 0.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Proceedings of The Nutrition Society (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK047348, DK053113, R01DK071082, DK071082, DK081563, R01DK092587, R01DK081563, DK092587, R01DK053113, R01DK047348, P30DK072476)
National Center for Research Resources (RR02195)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Keywords: macronutrient intake, protein intake, carbohydrate intake, dietary fat intake, hypothalamus, energy homeostasis, salt appetite, reward prediction, motivation system, healthy eating promotion
MeSH terms: Animals, Appetite Regulation, Energy Intake, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Food Preferences, Homeostasis, Humans, Hypothalamus, Motivation, Sensation

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Neural and metabolic regulation of macronutrient intake and selection

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