Ventral pallidum firing codes hedonic reward: when a bad taste turns good
Abstract
The ventral pallidum (VP) is a key structure in brain mesocorticolimbic reward circuits that mediate "liking" reactions to sensory pleasures. Do firing patterns in VP actually code sensory pleasure? Strong evidence for hedonic coding requires showing that neural signals track positive increases in sensory pleasure or even reversals from bad to good. A useful test is the salt alliesthesia of physiological sodium depletion that makes even aversively intense NaCl taste become palatable and "liked." We compared VP neural firing activity in rats during aversive "disliking" reactions elicited by a noxiously intense NaCl taste (triple-seawater 1.5 M concentration) in normal homeostatic state versus in a physiological salt appetite state that made the same NaCl taste palatable and elicit positive "liking" reactions. We also compared firing elicited by palatable sucrose taste, which always elicited "liking" reactions in both states. A dramatic doubling in the amplitude of VP neural firing peaks to NaCl was caused by salt appetite that matched the affective switch from aversive ("disliking") to positive hedonic ("liking") reactions. By contrast, VP neural activity to "liked" sucrose taste was always high and never altered. In summary, VP firing activity selectively tracks the hedonic values of tastes, even across hedonic reversals caused by physiological changes. Our data provide the strongest evidence yet for neural hedonic coding of natural sensory pleasures and suggest, by extension, how abnormalities in VP firing patterns might contribute to clinical hedonic dysfunctions.
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In rodents, the firing of ventral pallidal neurons in response to an intense salt solution tracks behavioral changes in hedonic processing between normal and salt-deprived states.
“the response patterns of VP neurons closely tracked such behavioral changes, showing a dramatic increase in response to the salt-solution in the deprived relative to the normal state [69].”
From Contributions of the striatum to learning, motivation, and performance: an associative account (2012) · cites this paper as [69]
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- Authors
- Tindell, A. J., Smith, K. S., Peciña, S., Berridge, K. C., & Aldridge, J. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2006-11
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2399-2409
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W2101594326
- Cited by
- 241
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 7.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-63649, R01MH063649)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA017752, DA-017752, DA015188, R01DA015188)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (DC-00011)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Keywords
- ventral pallidum, reward, taste aversion, sodium depletion, salt appetite, sucrose taste, neuronal firing
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Electrodes, Implanted, Electrophysiology, Globus Pallidus, Limbic System, Male, Neurons, Reward, Sucrose, Taste, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sodium Chloride, Dietary, Rats
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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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