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Cited by 833

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Contribution of Li-Ion Batteries to the Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicles

Open access
Notter, Dominic A., Gauch, Marcel, Widmer, Rolf, Wäger, Patrick, Stamp, Anna, Zah, Rainer, Althaus, Hans-Jörg·2010·Environmental Science & Technology
DOI 10.1021/es903729a
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Abstract

Battery-powered electric cars (BEVs) play a key role in future mobility scenarios. However, little is known about the environmental impacts of the production, use and disposal of the lithium ion (Li-ion) battery. This makes it difficult to compare the environmental impacts of BEVs with those of internal combustion engine cars (ICEVs). Consequently, a detailed lifecycle inventory of a Li-ion battery and a rough LCA of BEV based mobility were compiled. The study shows that the environmental burdens of mobility are dominated by the operation phase regardless of whether a gasoline-fueled ICEV or a European electricity fueled BEV is used. The share of the total environmental impact of E-mobility caused by the battery (measured in Ecoindicator 99 points) is 15%. The impact caused by the extraction of lithium for the components of the Li-ion battery is less than 2.3% (Ecoindicator 99 points). The major contributor to the environmental burden caused by the battery is the supply of copper and aluminum for the production of the anode and the cathode, plus the required cables or the battery management system. This study provides a sound basis for more detailed environmental assessments of battery based E-mobility.

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Crossref · 10.1021/es903729a

Cites

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Citations

Cites

Show all 16 references

Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. Marsh R. A., J. Power Sources, 65, 133
  2. Dinger A., 2010, Batteries for Electric Cars: Challenges, Opportunities, and the Outlook to 2020
  3. Wellbeloved D. B., 1997, Manganese and Manganese Alloys
  4. Frischknecht R. T. M., 2007, Sachbilanzen von Energiesystemen: Grundlagen für den ökologischen Vergleich von Energiesystemen und den Einbezug von Energiesystemen in Ökobilanzen für die Schweiz
  5. Jungbluth N., 2007, Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy
  6. Werner F., 2007, Int. J. Life Cycle Assess., 12, 160
  7. Guinée J. B., 2001, Life Cycle Assessment: An Operational Guide to the ISO Standards
  8. Schweimer G. W., 2000, Life Cycle Inventory for the Golf A4
  9. Skinner B. J., 1976, Am. Sci., 64, 258

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Notter, D. A., Gauch, M., Widmer, R., Wäger, P., Stamp, A., Zah, R., & Althaus, H.-J.
Venue
Environmental Science & Technology
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2010-08-09
Volume
44
Issue
17
Pages
6550-6556
ISSN
  • 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5851
DOI
10.1021/es903729a
OpenAlex
W2007477835
Cited by
833
References
16
Type
other
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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