The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multidimensional Assessment of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation: Development, Factor Structure, and Initial Validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale
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In the citing paper
“This measure has demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .93) and validity (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Difficulties in emotion regulation in treatment-seeking alcoholics with and without co-occurring mood and anxiety disorders. (2018) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Emotion regulation capability was assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), a 36-item scale 40.”
In the citing paper
“Posing questions at a single time point about typical behavior does not give us strong purchase on the operation of dynamic concepts in varied contexts (e.g., Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Palmieri, Boden, & Berenbaum, 2009; Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, & Palfai, 1995).”
From Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health (2010) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“This inconsistency in the findings could be due to the different scales used as the original study (Romero-Moreno et al., 2017) employed a measure of acceptance not specifically designed for dementia caregivers (i.e., the subscale of the Emotion Regulation Scale, Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Valued Living Questionnaire Adapted to Caregiving (2023) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“DERS scores have also been shown to have good test–retest reliability (ρI = 0.88, P < 0.01) [14].”
From Emotion regulation in substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Now, when it comes to assessing dysfunctional ER, in an integrative study on the so-called “Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale,” lack of emotional clarity and, even more seriously, the lack of emotional awareness has been suggested to be a crucial component (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
From Collaborative Irrationality, Akrasia, and Groupthink: Social Disruptions of Emotion Regulation (2017) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The DERS has also been reported to have adequate predictive and constructive validity [14], with scores being correlated with depression and anxiety symptoms [18].”
From Emotion regulation in substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“The DERS was developed to assess a range of emotion regulation difficulties associated with the development and maintenance of psychopathology using a single measure to reduce patient burden and clinical overlap which can occur when using multiple tools (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“It uses a 5-point Likert scale and has shown acceptable test-retest reliability and internal consistency in adolescent populations [137-140].”
From Family Support Protocol for Adolescent Internalizing Disorders: Protocol for a Pre-Post Quantitative Treatment Development Study (2024) · cites this paper as [138]
In the citing paper
“The DERS-16 is a short, valid measure of emotion regulation [29,44].”
From A Virtual Reality-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for and With Inuit in Québec: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“The DERS’s psychometric properties are favorable, having moderate to very strong internal consistency (α=.69-.97) and strong retest reliability (r=0.88; ρI=0.85) [29, 46-49].”
From A Virtual Reality-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for and With Inuit in Québec: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“In Gratz and Roemer’s (5) definition of adaptive emotion regulation, awareness and acceptance of emotions, and the ability to modulate emotional responses are emphasized, together with controlling impulsive behaviors to act according to a long-term goal or value, despite the presence of negative emotions.”
From An emotion regulation skills training for adolescents and parents: perceptions and acceptability of methodological aspects (2024) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“The conceptualization of emotion regulation in the current intervention is in line with the definition of emotion regulation by Gratz and Roemer (5), which emphasizes awareness, understanding and acceptance of emotions.”
From An emotion regulation skills training for adolescents and parents: perceptions and acceptability of methodological aspects (2024) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“This scale is a well-validated and widely used self-report measure with excellent psychometric properties (internal consistency α = 0.93).”
From Embodied Cognition in Meditation, Yoga, and Ethics—An Experimental Single-Case Study on the Differential Effects of Four Mind–Body Treatments (2022) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“DERS has good psychometric properties in the general population. Internal consistency is 0.93, test-retest reliability is adequate, and convergent and incremental validity are shown.”
From Efficacy of an internet-based psychological intervention for problem gambling and gambling disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The authors found high internal consistency, good test-retest reliability and adequate construct and predictive validity.”
From Brief psychological intervention for distress tolerance in an adult secondary care community mental health service: an evaluation (2020) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“An impaired awareness, understanding and acceptance of emotions or few appropriate emotion regulation strategies [19] are related to interpersonal problems [20, 21].”
In the citing paper
“the multidimensional model of emotion dysregulation proposed by Gratz and Roemer (2004) has been widely adopted in the clinical literature in relation to its association with numerous psychological disorders.”
From An Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control (ERIC) Intervention for Vulnerable Young People: A Multi-Sectoral Pilot Study (2021) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The eight domains are informed by Gratz and Roemer's (2004) model and target important processes or strategies to help young people regulate their emotions and control impulsive behaviors linked to negative emotion (i.e., urgency (Cyders and Smith, 2008; Weiss et al., 2013a).”
From An Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control (ERIC) Intervention for Vulnerable Young People: A Multi-Sectoral Pilot Study (2021) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Based on Gratz and Roemer’s (2004) model of emotion regulation, the Difficulties in Emotions Regulation Scale (DERS) was developed accordingly for the measurement of the difficulties in emotion regulation.”
From Adolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“DERS was more comprehensive to cover a wider range of emotion regulation strategies including the clarity of emotions, acceptance of emotional experience, impulsion control, goal-directed behavior and flexibility in strategies”
From Adolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“This construct is not entirely equivalent to emotional dysregulation (operationalised by Maddox et al. with the Emotion Regulation Scale [75]), but encapsulates the latter in combination with difficulty identifying and understanding one’s emotions [76, 77].”
From A 'choice', an 'addiction', a way 'out of the lost': Exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“The DERS has been shown to have high internal consistency (α = 0.93), good test-retest reliability (r = 0.88), and construct validity (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
From Online mindfulness-enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression: Outcomes of a pilot trial (2018) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Preliminary data indicate high internal consistency, good test-retest reliability and adequate construct and predictive validity.”
From Dbt-enhanced cognitive-behavioral treatment for trichotillomania: A randomized controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The questionnaire also has adequate construct and predictive validity and good test-retest reliability.”
In the citing paper
“The internal consistency for the total scale as well as for the subscales appeared to be adequate (varying between a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.80 and 0.93).”
In the citing paper
“The DERS has adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.93), test–retest reliability (r = 0.88), and construct and predictive validity among a college sample (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Autistic Adults without Intellectual Disability: A Mixed Methods Study (2022) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“McVey et al. (2021) provided preliminary evidence for the utility of the DERS in autistic adolescents and adults. Their results supported a 6-factor structure, similar to that found in the general population (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Autistic Adults without Intellectual Disability: A Mixed Methods Study (2022) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Research supports its reliability and validity. 30,31”
From Dialectical behaviour therapy skills training: A feasibility study with active duty military. (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“Diagnoses were derived by the CIDI and validated by expert clinicians [33][34][35][36][37][38] .”
From Treating Treatment-Resistant Patients with Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Using Psychotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Switching Trial. (2015) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Some of these habitual affective/cognitive styles can be measured with self-report instruments (e.g., Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Hayes et al., 2004; Hofmann & Kashdan, 2010; Meyer, Miller, Metzger, & Borkovec, 1990; Treynor, Gonzalez, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2003).”
From Toward a Cognitive-Behavioral Classification System for Mental Disorders (2014) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Anxiety and depression were assessed using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety Short Form 8a (Cronbach's α = 0.92) 74,75 and PROMIS Depression Short Form 8a (α = 0.97).”
From Mindfulness training enhances self-regulation and facilitates health behavior change for primary care patients: A randomized controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“The second questionnaire was the Filipino version of the Emotion Regulation Scale (Gill and Lopez, 2018) adapted from DERS (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
From Safe schools for teens: Preventing sexual abuse of urban poor teens, proof-of-concept study-improving teachers'and students'knowledge, skills and attitudes (2020) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The Filipino version of the Emotion Regulation Scale (Gill and Lopez, 2018) was adapted and translated for children from the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale or DERS (Gratz and Roemer, 2004). After translation of the original DERS, only 22 items were retained after exploring the validity and reliability of the translated version (Gill and Lopez, 2018).”
From Safe schools for teens: Preventing sexual abuse of urban poor teens, proof-of-concept study-improving teachers'and students'knowledge, skills and attitudes (2020) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The DERS has high internal consistency (α =.93) and good test-retest reliability (r=.74 −.78 for women).(54)”
In the citing paper
“Graz reported the validity of the questionnaire as 0.93 and its reliability was 0.80, using Cronbach’s alpha (9).”
From Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on interpersonal problems and difficulties in emotion regulation among university students (2017) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“emotion regulation has been indicated as a moderator of anxiety and depressive symptoms [46]”
From Uptake and adherence to an online intervention for cancer-related distress: older age is not a barrier to adherence but may be a barrier to uptake (2017) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“The test–retest reliability for the total score is good (r = 0.88; subscales 0.56 < r < 0.90).”
From The Effectiveness of Art Therapy for Anxiety in Adult Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The construct validity and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > 0.80) is sufficient for all scales (Gratz and Roemer, 2004; Neumann et al., 2010).”
From The Effectiveness of Art Therapy for Anxiety in Adult Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
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Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 1,355
Dixon–Gordon, K. L., Aldao, A., & Reyes, A. D. L. (2014) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.983046 · Cited by 174
“Given that ER difficulties involve lower emotional awareness (Gratz & Roemer, 2004), reliance upon self-report may be especially problematic.”
BackgroundMoulton, S. J., Newman, E., Power, K., Swanson, V., & Day, K. (2014) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.07.003 · Cited by 178
Self-Compassion and Responses to Trauma: The Role of Emotion Regulation
Scoglio, A. A. J., Rudat, D. A., Garvert, D., Jarmolowski, M., Jackson, C., & Herman, J. (2018) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260515622296 · Cited by 142
“PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; CAPS = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; SCS = Self-Compassion Scale; DERS = Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCloître, M., Hyland, P., Prins, A., & Shevlin, M. E. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.1930961 · Cited by 165
“Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004) was used to measure emotion regulation.”
MethodCasale, S., Caplan, S. E., & Fioravanti, G. (2016) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.014 · Cited by 152
Bornovalova, M. A., Gratz, K. L., Daughters, S. B., Nick, B., Delany-Brumsey, A., Lynch, T. R., Kosson, D., & Lejuez, C. W. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.07.014 · Cited by 152
Self-citationTroth, A. C., Lawrence, S. A., Jordan, P. J., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (2017) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/ijmr.12144 · Cited by 168
“Within the EI literature, the term ER has been used (we argue erroneously) to refer to Mayer and Salovey’s emotion management branch (e.g. see Gratz and Roemer 2004; Kafetsios et al. 2014; Nelis et al. 2011), defined as the ability to connect, to disconnect or to alter emotional experiences and…”
Finlay‐jones, A. L. (2017) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1111/cp.12131 · Cited by 159
“The capacity to accept and tolerate negative emotions is one of the most important predictors of psychological health (Berking & Lukas, 2015; Gratz & Roemer, 2004); conversely, the belief that it is unacceptable to experience or express certain emotions is implicated in a range of clinical…”
BackgroundOsuch, E., Ford, K., Wrath, A., Bartha, R., & Neufeld, R. (2014) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.05.003 · Cited by 144
“Participants also completed the Behavioral Approach/Inhibition System scales (BAS/BIS; Carver and White, 1994), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer, 2004), the Toronto Alexithymia scale (TAS-20; Bagby et al.”
MethodThe role of emotion dysregulation in suicide as considered through the ideation to action framework
Law, K. C., Khazem, L. R., & Anestis, M. D. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.01.014 · Cited by 151
Evidence of emotion dysregulation as a core symptom of adult ADHD: A systematic review
Soler-Gutiérrez, A.-M., Pérez-González, J.-C., & Mayas, J. (2023) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280131 · Cited by 152
“[75] Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale DERS Gratz and Roemer [88] Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in adults DIVA 2.”
The Role of Emotion Regulation in Eating Disorders: A Network Meta-Analysis Approach
Leppänen, J., Brown, D., McLinden, H., Tchanturia, K., & Williams, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.793094 · Cited by 184
“The most commonly used measure was the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale [DERS; (123)] non-acceptance subscale (N = 24).”
MethodJosefsson, T., Ivarsson, A., Lindwall, M., Gustafsson, H., Stenling, A., Böröy, J., Mattsson, E., Carnebratt, J., Sevholt, S., & Falkevik, E. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0711-4 · Cited by 150
“Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Four of the six subscales in the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer 2004) were combined into a total emotion regulation scale (difficulties engaging in goal directed behaviour, impulse control difficulties, lack of emotional awareness, limited acce…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHeffer, T., & Willoughby, T. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186057 · Cited by 180
Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., Ritter, M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2015) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22377 · Cited by 162
“The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS[64]) is a 36-item measure of the acceptance of emotions, ability to engage in goal-directed behavior when distressed, impulse control, awareness of emotions, access to strategies for regulation, and clarity of emotions.”
BackgroundAcceptance: An Historical and Conceptual Review
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Interventions for self-harm in children and adolescents
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Impulsivity, Emotion Regulation, and Mindful Attentional Focus in Compulsive Buying
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“Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer 2004).”
Emotion Regulation in Adolescent Well-Being and Positive Education
Morrish, L., Rickard, N. S., Chin, T., & Vella‐Brodrick, D. (2017) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-017-9881-y · Cited by 193
Confirmatory factor and measurement invariance analyses of the emotion regulation questionnaire
Melka, S. E., Lancaster, S. L., Bryant, A. R., & Rodriguez, B. F. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20836 · Cited by 167
Stasiewicz, P. R., Bradizza, C. M., Gudleski, G. D., Coffey, S. F., Schlauch, R. C., Bailey, S. T., Bole, C. W., & Gulliver, S. B. (2012) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.12.011 · Cited by 145
Müller, L. E., Schulz, A., Andermann, M., Gäbel, A., Gescher, D. M., Spohn, A., Herpertz, S. C., & Bertsch, K. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1252 · Cited by 141
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“Emotion Regulation was measured with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004), a 36-item multidimensional self-report measure assessing individuals’ characteristic patterns of emotion regulation.”
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Brockmeyer, T., Holtforth, M. G., Bents, H., Kämmerer, A., Herzog, W., & Friederich, H. (2011) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.09.003 · Cited by 147
Finlay‐Jones, A., Kane, R., & Rees, C. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22375 · Cited by 139
“We used the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004) to measure problematic emotion regulation.”
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Kerns, K. A., Mathews, B. L., Koehn, A. J., Williams, C. T., & Siener, S. (2015) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2015.1042487 · Cited by 147
“Adolescents completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004), and we examined the lack of emotional awareness, lack of emotional clarity, and nonacceptance of emotion subscales.”
MethodIves-Deliperi, V. L., Howells, F., Stein, D. J., Meintjes, E. M., & Horn, N. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.074 · Cited by 144
“Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
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Self-citationReconsidering Emotion Dysregulation
D’Agostino, A., Covanti, S., Monti, M. R., & Starčević, V. (2017) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-017-9499-6 · Cited by 183
“These measures include the Generalized Expectancies for Negative Mood Regulation Scale (NMR-S; [16]), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; [17]), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; [12]), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ; [18]), the Affective Style Questionnaire (ASQ; [19]) a…”
Poole, J. C., Dobson, K. S., & Pusch, D. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.047 · Cited by 145
Alexithymia, emotion dysregulation, impulsivity and aggression: A multiple mediation model
Velotti, P., Garofalo, C., Petrocchi, C., Cavallo, F., Popolo, R., & Dimaggio, G. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.025 · Cited by 159
“…understanding of emotions, nonacceptance of emotional responses, dif fi culties engaging in goal-directed behavior when upset, inability to refrain from impulsive reactions when experiencing negative emotions, and limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundSalvarani, V., Rampoldi, G., Ardenghi, S., Bani, M., Blasi, P., Ausili, D., Di Mauro, S., & Strepparava, M. G. (2019) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.12771 · Cited by 144
Polizzi, C. P., & Lynn, S. J. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-020-10186-1 · Cited by 148
“Accordingly, PR training for non-clinical participants that focuses on cultivating ER skills holds promise to facilitate adaptive psychological functioning (e.g., Greenberg 2006; Peng et al.”
BackgroundCognitive and emotional functioning in binge‐eating disorder: A systematic review
Kittel, R., Brauhardt, A., & Hilbert, A. (2015) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22419 · Cited by 149
Rendina, H. J., Gamarel, K. E., Pachankis, J. E., Ventuneac, A., Grov, C., & Parsons, J. T. (2016) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9822-8 · Cited by 153
“Participants completed the 36-item Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) [59], which measures general problems regulating emotions.”
Brown, T. A., Berner, L. A., Jones, M. D., Reilly, E. E., Cusack, A., Anderson, L. K., Kaye, W. H., & Wierenga, C. E. (2017) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2532 · Cited by 157
“Dif fi culties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
Mo, P. K. H., Chan, V. W. Y., Chan, S. W., & Lau, J. T. F. (2018) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.027 · Cited by 155
Child maltreatment and adult depressive symptoms: Roles of self-compassion and gratitude
Wu, Q., Chi, P., Lin, X., & Du, H. (2018) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.013 · Cited by 157
The Italian five facet mindfulness questionnaire: A contribution to its validity and reliability
Giovannini, C., Giromini, L., Bonalume, L., Tagini, A., Lang, M., & Amadei, G. (2014) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-013-9403-0 · Cited by 142
“S (N=513) TMMS (N=526) DERS (N=484) SODAS (N=487) WBSI (N=546) Observe −0.17** 0.24** −0.07 0.30** −0.06 0.23** 0.09* Describe −0.66** 0.39** 0.15** 0.56** −0.39** −0.21** −0.24** Act with awareness −0.38** 0.21** 0.33** 0.31** −0.44** −0.55** −0.31** Nonjudge −0.42** 0.23** 0.48** 0.35** −0.56** −0.52** −0.56** Nonre…”
InfluentialTuning in to kids: an emotion‐focused parenting program—initial findings from a community trial
Havighurst, S. S., Wilson, K. R., Harley, A. E., & Prior, M. R. (2009) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.20345 · Cited by 142
Difficulties in emotion regulation and suicide ideation and attempt in adolescent inpatients
Hatkevich, C., Penner, F., & Sharp, C. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.038 · Cited by 139
“emotion dysregulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004), and suggest that various aspects of emotion dysregulation play a role in suicidal ideation and behavior.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSalsman, N. L., & Linehan, M. M. (2012) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-012-9275-8 · Cited by 138
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and emotion regulation difficulties: A multimodal investigation
Tull, M. T., Gratz, K. L., Latzman, R. D., Kimbrel, N. A., & Lejuez, C. W. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.010 · Cited by 140
Self-citationGratz, K. L., Tull, M. T., Baruch, D. E., Bornovalova, M. A., & Lejuez, C. W. (2008) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.04.005 · Cited by 140
Self-citationPaulus, D. J., Vanwoerden, S., Norton, P. J., & Sharp, C. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.012 · Cited by 151
Khamis, V. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.12.013 · Cited by 140
Suicidal behavior and problems with emotion regulation
Neacsiu, A. D., Fang, C. M., Rodriguez, M., & Rosenthal, M. Z. (2018) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12335 · Cited by 139
“Psychometric analyses indicate good internal consistency (a = .93), test–retest reliability (r = .88, p .01), and construct validity (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
InfluentialNickerson, A., Bryant, R. A., Schnyder, U., Schick, M., Mueller, J., & Morina, N. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.043 · Cited by 141
“We used the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) to index emotion dysregulation.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPeer Attachment and Youth Internalizing Problems: A Meta-Analysis
Gorrese, A. (2015) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-015-9333-y · Cited by 159
Gratz, K. L., Dixon–Gordon, K. L., Chapman, A. L., & Tull, M. T. (2015) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191114565878 · Cited by 139
“Self-reported emotion dysregulation was assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004), a 36-item self-report measure that assesses individuals’ typical levels of emotion dysregulation across six domains: nonacceptance of negative emotions, difficulties…”
MethodSelf-citationImpulsivity and emotion dysregulation as predictors of food addiction
Pivarunas, B., & Conner, B. T. (2015) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.06.007 · Cited by 158
Kashdan, T. B., Zvolensky, M. J., & McLeish, A. C. (2007) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.03.011 · Cited by 159
Berzenski, S. R., & Yates, T. M. (2010) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926770903539474 · Cited by 136
Scott, L. N., Stepp, S. D., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2014) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000070 · Cited by 139
Maladaptive emotion regulation and aggression in adult offenders
Roberton, T., Daffern, M., & Bucks, R. S. (2014) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/1068316x.2014.893333 · Cited by 157
“Three subscales of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004) were used to measure adaptive emotion regulation (see Figure 1).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBrindle, K. A., Moulding, R., Bakker, K., & Nedeljkovic, M. (2015) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12084 · Cited by 137
Coutinho, J. F. P., Ribeiro, E., Ferreirinha, R., & Dias, P. C. (2010) · Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) · doi:10.1590/s0101-60832010000400001 · Cited by 196
The serially mediated relationship between emerging adults’ social media use and mental well-being
Rasmussen, E. E., Punyanunt-Carter, N. M., LaFreniere, J. R., Norman, M. S., & Kimball, T. G. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.019 · Cited by 167
Social norms and e-motions in problematic social media use among adolescents
Marino, C., Gini, G., Angelini, F., Vieno, A., & Spada, M. M. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100250 · Cited by 136
“Gratz and Roemer (2004) defined emotion regulation in terms of evaluations of one’s own emotions (i.e., awareness, understanding and acceptance of emotions) and ability to control behaviors regardless of negative emotional state, and to use situationally appropriate emotion regulation strategies.”
BackgroundMcDermott, M. J., Tull, M. T., Gratz, K. L., Daughters, S. B., & Lejuez, C. W. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.01.006 · Cited by 137
Self-citationDaros, A. R., Haefner, S. A., Asadi, S., Kazi, S., Rodak, T., & Quilty, L. C. (2021) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01191-9 · Cited by 136
A Critical Evaluation of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ)
Müller, S., Wendt, L. P., Spitzer, C., Masuhr, O., Back, S. N., & Zimmermann, J. (2022) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2021.1981346 · Cited by 138
“Internal consistency of the DERS Impulse Control Difficulties scale was a ¼ .90.”
BackgroundInfluentialAn 11-item measure to assess borderline traits in adolescents: Refinement of the BPFSC using IRT.
Sharp, C., Steinberg, L., Temple, J. R., & Newlin, E. (2014) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000057 · Cited by 135
The Emotional Cost of Humanity
Cameron, C. D., Harris, L. T., & Payne, B. K. (2015) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550615604453 · Cited by 148
“Participants completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) and Fear of Compassion Scale (Gilbert, McEwan, Matos, & Rivis, 2011) and reported gender, age, race/ethnicity, political orientation, and socioeconomic status using the Macarthur ladder (Adler & Ostrom, 1999).”
MethodConceptualizing gambling disorder with the process model of emotion regulation
Rogier, G., & Velotti, P. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.52 · Cited by 142
“ER refers to a transdiagnostic construct that is relevant to a wide range of disorders and is defined as the ability to modulate valence, intensity, or time course of one’s emotional experience and expression coherently with one’s goals and desires (Garofalo, Velotti, & Zavattini, 2013; Gross, 1998; Thompson, 1990; Ve…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialIverson, K. M., Follette, V. M., Pistorello, J., & Fruzzetti, A. E. (2012) · Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment · doi:10.1037/a0023703 · Cited by 133
Emotion regulation in patients with somatic symptom and related disorders: a systematic review
Okur Güney, Z. E., Sattel, H., Witthöft, M., & Henningsen, P. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217277 · Cited by 133
The association between impulsivity, emotion regulation, and symptoms of alcohol use disorder
Jakubczyk, A., Trucco, E. M., Kopera, M., Kobyliński, P., Suszek, H., Fudalej, S., Brower, K. J., & Wojnar, M. (2018) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2018.05.004 · Cited by 147
A randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for aggressive behavior
Zarling, A., Lawrence, E., & Marchman, J. (2015) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037946 · Cited by 147
Burleigh, T. L., Griffiths, M. D., Sumich, A. L., Stavropoulos, V., & Kuss, D. J. (2019) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-019-00279-7 · Cited by 135
Sauer-Zavala, S. E., Walsh, E. C., Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., & Lykins, E. L. B. (2013) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0139-9 · Cited by 128
“The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004) assesses problems in adaptive emotion regulation.”
BackgroundWestlund Schreiner, M., Klimes-Dougan, B., Mueller, B. A., Eberly, L. E., Reigstad, K. M., Carstedt, P. A., Thomas, K. M., Hunt, R. H., Lim, K. O., & Cullen, K. R. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.004 · Cited by 126
“Additional self-report measures included the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004) the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS; Patton, Stanford, & Barratt, 1995), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996).”
MethodLeahey, T. M., Crowther, J. H., & Irwin, S. R. (2008) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.01.004 · Cited by 127
Influence of emotional distraction on working memory performance in borderline personality disorder
Krause-Utz, A., Oei, N. Y. L., Niedtfeld, I., Bohus, M., Spinhoven, P., Schmahl, C., & Elzinga, B. M. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712000153 · Cited by 131
Monell, E., Clinton, D. N., & Birgegård, A. (2018) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22925 · Cited by 131
Dissociation and emotion regulation strategies: A meta-analytic review
Cavicchioli, M., Scalabrini, A., Northoff, G., Mucci, C., Ogliari, A., & Maffei, C. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.011 · Cited by 146
Negative affect intensity influences drinking to cope through facets of emotion dysregulation
Veilleux, J. C., Skinner, K. D., Reese, E. D., & Shaver, J. A. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.012 · Cited by 138
Márki, G., Bokor, A., Rigó, J. J., & Rigó, A. (2017) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dex091 · Cited by 138
“The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is a selfadministered questionnaire that consists of 36 items arranged on six subscales: non-acceptance of emotional responses, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior, impulse control difficulties, lack of emotional awareness, limited access to emotion regul…”
Assessing emotion regulation repertoires: The Regulation of Emotion Systems Survey
France, K. D., & Hollenstein, T. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.07.018 · Cited by 149
Paschke, K., Austermann, M. I., & Thomasius, R. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9040993 · Cited by 133
“Moreover, the DERS-sum score as a measure of emotional dysregulation correlated positively with the GADIS-A-sum score in a moderate manner (r = 0.51, p 0.001, subscales r = 0.38 Table 2.”
MethodInfluentialLeerkes, E. M., Supple, A. J., O’Brien, M., Calkins, S. D., Haltigan, J. D., Wong, M. S., & Fortuna, K. (2014) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12288 · Cited by 129
“The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) was administered to assess the extent to which mothers struggle in their awareness, clarity, acceptance, and regulation of their negative emotions.”
Sauer-Zavala, S. E., Bentley, K. H., & Wilner, J. G. (2015) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2015_29_179 · Cited by 130
“GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; MDD = major depressive disorder; SOC = social anxiety disorder; ZANBPD = Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder (self-report version); DASS-D = Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales – depression subscale; DASS-A = Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale – anxiety su…”
MethodPsychological and biological resilience modulates the effects of stress on epigenetic aging
Harvanek, Z. M., Fogelman, N., Xu, K., & Sinha, R. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01735-7 · Cited by 123
“First, is cumulative stress related to epigenetic markers of biological aging in a healthy young-to-middleaged community population? Second, if stress is associated with epigenetic aging, does stress-related physiology contribute to stress-associated biological aging? And finally, how do psychological factors that con…”
BackgroundMethodCognitive and Affective Empathy Relate Differentially to Emotion Regulation
Thompson, N. M., van Reekum, C. M., & Chakrabarti, B. (2022) · Affective Science · doi:10.1007/s42761-021-00062-w · Cited by 136
“…individuals with greater empathy show a heightened awareness and understanding of their own emotional experiences (Frith & Frith, 2003; Happé & Frith, 1996; Hobson, 2010; Rieffe & Camodeca, 2016), which is a key competency supporting adaptive emotion regulation (Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Gross, 2015).”
BackgroundBanducci, A. N., Hoffman, E. M., Lejuez, C. W., & Koenen, K. C. (2014) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.12.007 · Cited by 125
Affective regulation in trichotillomania: Evidence from a large-scale internet survey
Shusterman, A., Feld, L., Baer, L., & Keuthen, N. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.04.004 · Cited by 127
Racine, S., & Wildes, J. (2013) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22145 · Cited by 143
“Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; 7)—The DERS is a 36-item selfreport questionnaire that comprehensively assesses the multi-dimensional construct of emotion regulation (7).”
BackgroundInfluentialTurner, B. J., Dixon–Gordon, K. L., Austin, S. B., Rodriguez, M. A., Rosenthal, M. Z., & Chapman, A. L. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.058 · Cited by 146
Una revisión panorámica al entrenamiento de las habilidades blandas en estudiantes universitarios
Báez, S. P. G. (2019) · Psicologia Escolar e Educacional · doi:10.1590/2175-35392019016464 · Cited by 296
Fear, Stress, Resilience and Coping Strategies during COVID-19 in Spanish University Students
Rodríguez, F. M. M. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13115824 · Cited by 156
“However, this paper is framed within the multidimensional model proposed by Gratz and Roemer (2004) [67]: “emotion regulation encompasses the: (a) awareness and understanding of emotions; (b) acceptance of emotions; (c) ability to control impulsive behaviors and behave in accordance with desired goals when experiencin…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHarned, M. S., Rizvi, S. L., & Linehan, M. M. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09081213 · Cited by 128
Affective Disturbance and Psychopathology: An Emotion Regulation Perspective
Jazaieri, H., Urry, H., & Gross, J. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.030312 · Cited by 110
“…of access to adaptive strategies for modulating the intensity and/or duration of emotional responses; c) an unwillingness to experience emotional distress in order to pursue desired goals, and d) an inability to engage in goal-directed behaviors when experiencing distress (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundExperiential avoidance and emotion regulation difficulties in hoarding disorder
Fernández de la Cruz, L., Landau, D., Iervolino, A. C., Santo, S., Pertusa, A., Singh, S., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2013) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.01.004 · Cited by 124
“…understood as a maladaptive strategy used by individuals to manage or regulate difficult emotions, emotion regulation (as an adaptive skill) is defined as the ability to monitor, evaluate, and modulate emotional reactions, especially in the context of goal-related behaviour (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundDbt-enhanced cognitive-behavioral treatment for trichotillomania: A randomized controlled trial
Keuthen, N. J., Rothbaum, B. O., Fama, J., Altenburger, E., Falkenstein, M. J., Sprich, S. E., Kearns, M., Meunier, S., Jenike, M. A., & Welch, S. S. (2012) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/jba.1.2012.003 · Cited by 124
“Changes in DERS clarity subscale scores and NIMH-TIS scores were significantly correlated (rS = .44, p = .01).”
MethodInfluentialGhorbani, F., Khosravani, V., Sharifi Bastan, F., & Jamaati Ardakani, R. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.005 · Cited by 124
Emotion dysregulation, negative affect, and aggression: A moderated, multiple mediator analysis
Donahue, J. J., Goranson, A. C., McClure, K. S., & Male, L. M. V. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.06.009 · Cited by 124
“…selfreported difficulties inhibiting impulsive behaviors when distressed, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior when distressed, and limited perceived access to ER strategies each exhibited significant correlations with frequency of intimate partner abuse (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialDanner, U. N., Sternheim, L. C., & Evers, C. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.005 · Cited by 124
“(2010), reported similar findings on all subscales of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, a scale assessing emotional arousal, awareness, understanding, acceptance of emotions and the ability to act in desired ways regardless of an individual0s emotional state (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
ResultPosttraumatic Stress, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation, and Coping-Oriented Marijuana Use
Bonn‐Miller, M. O., Vujanovic, A. A., Boden, M. T., & Gross, J. J. (2011) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2010.525253 · Cited by 123
Nonsuicidal self-injury and diminished pain perception: the role of emotion dysregulation
Franklin, J. C., Aaron, R. V., Arthur, M. S., Shorkey, S. P., & Prinstein, M. J. (2011) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.11.008 · Cited by 124
“If affect dysregulation was a significant mediator for a particular analysis (e.g., NSSI and pain tolerance), we then ran a second analysis on the association that included the 6 subscales of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale as potential mediators.”
InfluentialPaulus, D. J., Vanwoerden, S., Norton, P. J., & Sharp, C. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.014 · Cited by 137
Metadata
- Authors
- Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gratz, Kim L.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
- Published
- 2004-03
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 41-54
- ISSN
- 0164-0305 (ISSN-L)
- 0882-2689
- 1573-3505
- OpenAlex
- W2017039362
- Cited by
- 8,942
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 849 · 2025: 928 · 2024: 828 · 2023: 808 · 2022: 723 · 2021: 730 · 2020: 646 · 2019: 591 · 2018: 546 · 2017: 460 · 2016: 394 · 2015: 339 · 2014: 316 · 2013: 213 · 2012: 171
- FWCI
- 13.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, emotional dysregulation, factor structure, psychometric validation, emotional awareness, emotional acceptance, adults, questionnaire development
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