The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multidimensional Assessment of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation: Development, Factor Structure, and Initial Validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This measure has demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .93) and validity (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Difficulties in emotion regulation in treatment-seeking alcoholics with and without co-occurring mood and anxiety disorders. (2018) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Emotion regulation capability was assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), a 36-item scale 40.”
In the citing paper
“Posing questions at a single time point about typical behavior does not give us strong purchase on the operation of dynamic concepts in varied contexts (e.g., Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Palmieri, Boden, & Berenbaum, 2009; Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, & Palfai, 1995).”
From Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health (2010) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“This inconsistency in the findings could be due to the different scales used as the original study (Romero-Moreno et al., 2017) employed a measure of acceptance not specifically designed for dementia caregivers (i.e., the subscale of the Emotion Regulation Scale, Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Valued Living Questionnaire Adapted to Caregiving (2023) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“DERS scores have also been shown to have good test–retest reliability (ρI = 0.88, P < 0.01) [14].”
From Emotion regulation in substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Now, when it comes to assessing dysfunctional ER, in an integrative study on the so-called “Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale,” lack of emotional clarity and, even more seriously, the lack of emotional awareness has been suggested to be a crucial component (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
From Collaborative Irrationality, Akrasia, and Groupthink: Social Disruptions of Emotion Regulation (2017) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The DERS has also been reported to have adequate predictive and constructive validity [14], with scores being correlated with depression and anxiety symptoms [18].”
From Emotion regulation in substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“The DERS was developed to assess a range of emotion regulation difficulties associated with the development and maintenance of psychopathology using a single measure to reduce patient burden and clinical overlap which can occur when using multiple tools (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“It uses a 5-point Likert scale and has shown acceptable test-retest reliability and internal consistency in adolescent populations [137-140].”
From Family Support Protocol for Adolescent Internalizing Disorders: Protocol for a Pre-Post Quantitative Treatment Development Study (2024) · cites this paper as [138]
In the citing paper
“The DERS-16 is a short, valid measure of emotion regulation [29,44].”
From A Virtual Reality-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for and With Inuit in Québec: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“The DERS’s psychometric properties are favorable, having moderate to very strong internal consistency (α=.69-.97) and strong retest reliability (r=0.88; ρI=0.85) [29, 46-49].”
From A Virtual Reality-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for and With Inuit in Québec: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“In Gratz and Roemer’s (5) definition of adaptive emotion regulation, awareness and acceptance of emotions, and the ability to modulate emotional responses are emphasized, together with controlling impulsive behaviors to act according to a long-term goal or value, despite the presence of negative emotions.”
From An emotion regulation skills training for adolescents and parents: perceptions and acceptability of methodological aspects (2024) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“The conceptualization of emotion regulation in the current intervention is in line with the definition of emotion regulation by Gratz and Roemer (5), which emphasizes awareness, understanding and acceptance of emotions.”
From An emotion regulation skills training for adolescents and parents: perceptions and acceptability of methodological aspects (2024) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“This scale is a well-validated and widely used self-report measure with excellent psychometric properties (internal consistency α = 0.93).”
From Embodied Cognition in Meditation, Yoga, and Ethics—An Experimental Single-Case Study on the Differential Effects of Four Mind–Body Treatments (2022) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“DERS has good psychometric properties in the general population. Internal consistency is 0.93, test-retest reliability is adequate, and convergent and incremental validity are shown.”
From Efficacy of an internet-based psychological intervention for problem gambling and gambling disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The authors found high internal consistency, good test-retest reliability and adequate construct and predictive validity.”
From Brief psychological intervention for distress tolerance in an adult secondary care community mental health service: an evaluation (2020) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“An impaired awareness, understanding and acceptance of emotions or few appropriate emotion regulation strategies [19] are related to interpersonal problems [20, 21].”
In the citing paper
“the multidimensional model of emotion dysregulation proposed by Gratz and Roemer (2004) has been widely adopted in the clinical literature in relation to its association with numerous psychological disorders.”
From An Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control (ERIC) Intervention for Vulnerable Young People: A Multi-Sectoral Pilot Study (2021) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The eight domains are informed by Gratz and Roemer's (2004) model and target important processes or strategies to help young people regulate their emotions and control impulsive behaviors linked to negative emotion (i.e., urgency (Cyders and Smith, 2008; Weiss et al., 2013a).”
From An Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control (ERIC) Intervention for Vulnerable Young People: A Multi-Sectoral Pilot Study (2021) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Based on Gratz and Roemer’s (2004) model of emotion regulation, the Difficulties in Emotions Regulation Scale (DERS) was developed accordingly for the measurement of the difficulties in emotion regulation.”
From Adolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“DERS was more comprehensive to cover a wider range of emotion regulation strategies including the clarity of emotions, acceptance of emotional experience, impulsion control, goal-directed behavior and flexibility in strategies”
From Adolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“This construct is not entirely equivalent to emotional dysregulation (operationalised by Maddox et al. with the Emotion Regulation Scale [75]), but encapsulates the latter in combination with difficulty identifying and understanding one’s emotions [76, 77].”
From A 'choice', an 'addiction', a way 'out of the lost': Exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“The DERS has been shown to have high internal consistency (α = 0.93), good test-retest reliability (r = 0.88), and construct validity (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
From Online mindfulness-enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression: Outcomes of a pilot trial (2018) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Preliminary data indicate high internal consistency, good test-retest reliability and adequate construct and predictive validity.”
From Dbt-enhanced cognitive-behavioral treatment for trichotillomania: A randomized controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The questionnaire also has adequate construct and predictive validity and good test-retest reliability.”
In the citing paper
“The internal consistency for the total scale as well as for the subscales appeared to be adequate (varying between a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.80 and 0.93).”
In the citing paper
“The DERS has adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.93), test–retest reliability (r = 0.88), and construct and predictive validity among a college sample (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Autistic Adults without Intellectual Disability: A Mixed Methods Study (2022) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“McVey et al. (2021) provided preliminary evidence for the utility of the DERS in autistic adolescents and adults. Their results supported a 6-factor structure, similar to that found in the general population (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
From Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Autistic Adults without Intellectual Disability: A Mixed Methods Study (2022) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Research supports its reliability and validity. 30,31”
From Dialectical behaviour therapy skills training: A feasibility study with active duty military. (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“Diagnoses were derived by the CIDI and validated by expert clinicians [33][34][35][36][37][38] .”
From Treating Treatment-Resistant Patients with Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Using Psychotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Switching Trial. (2015) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Some of these habitual affective/cognitive styles can be measured with self-report instruments (e.g., Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Hayes et al., 2004; Hofmann & Kashdan, 2010; Meyer, Miller, Metzger, & Borkovec, 1990; Treynor, Gonzalez, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2003).”
From Toward a Cognitive-Behavioral Classification System for Mental Disorders (2014) · cites this paper as Gratz & Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“Anxiety and depression were assessed using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety Short Form 8a (Cronbach's α = 0.92) 74,75 and PROMIS Depression Short Form 8a (α = 0.97).”
From Mindfulness training enhances self-regulation and facilitates health behavior change for primary care patients: A randomized controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“The second questionnaire was the Filipino version of the Emotion Regulation Scale (Gill and Lopez, 2018) adapted from DERS (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
From Safe schools for teens: Preventing sexual abuse of urban poor teens, proof-of-concept study-improving teachers'and students'knowledge, skills and attitudes (2020) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The Filipino version of the Emotion Regulation Scale (Gill and Lopez, 2018) was adapted and translated for children from the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale or DERS (Gratz and Roemer, 2004). After translation of the original DERS, only 22 items were retained after exploring the validity and reliability of the translated version (Gill and Lopez, 2018).”
From Safe schools for teens: Preventing sexual abuse of urban poor teens, proof-of-concept study-improving teachers'and students'knowledge, skills and attitudes (2020) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The DERS has high internal consistency (α =.93) and good test-retest reliability (r=.74 −.78 for women).(54)”
In the citing paper
“Graz reported the validity of the questionnaire as 0.93 and its reliability was 0.80, using Cronbach’s alpha (9).”
From Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on interpersonal problems and difficulties in emotion regulation among university students (2017) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“emotion regulation has been indicated as a moderator of anxiety and depressive symptoms [46]”
From Uptake and adherence to an online intervention for cancer-related distress: older age is not a barrier to adherence but may be a barrier to uptake (2017) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“The test–retest reliability for the total score is good (r = 0.88; subscales 0.56 < r < 0.90).”
From The Effectiveness of Art Therapy for Anxiety in Adult Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
In the citing paper
“The construct validity and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > 0.80) is sufficient for all scales (Gratz and Roemer, 2004; Neumann et al., 2010).”
From The Effectiveness of Art Therapy for Anxiety in Adult Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as Gratz and Roemer, 2004
Citations
Cites
(1998) · Cited by 36,049
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Cohen, P., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410606266 · Cited by 20,870
(1993) · Cited by 7,136
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences.
Tufte, E. R., Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1979) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2286442 · Cited by 5,214
EMOTION REGULATION: A THEME IN SEARCH OF DEFINITION
Thompson, R. A. (1994) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01276.x · Cited by 4,227
Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments.
Floyd, F. J., & Widaman, K. F. (1995) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.286 · Cited by 3,970
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.6.1152 · Cited by 3,595
Parental Socialization of Emotion
Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A. J., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0904_1 · Cited by 2,925
Content validity in psychological assessment: A functional approach to concepts and methods.
Haynes, S. N., Richard, D. C. S., & Kubany, E. S. (1995) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037//1040-3590.7.3.238 · Cited by 2,387 · cited 2×
“tion of the results with different samples, under different circumstances (e.g., different assessment procedures), and across different functions is necessary to ensure the robustness and generalizability of the findings ( Haynes et al., 1995 ).”
BackgroundSalovey, P., Mayer, J. D., Goldman, S. L., Turvey, C., & Palfai, T. P. (1995) · Emotion, disclosure, & health. · doi:10.1037/10182-006 · Cited by 2,375
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Cloitre, M. (1998). Sexual revictimization: Risk factors and prevention. In V. M. Follette, J. I., Ruzek, & F. R. Abueg (Eds.), Cognitive—behavioral therapies for trauma (pp. 278–304). New York: Guilford Press.
- Greenberg, L. S., & Paivio, S. C. (1997). Working with emotions in psychotherapy. New York: The Guilford Press.
- Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). The ACT model of psychopathology and human suffering. In Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change (pp. 49–80). New York: Guilford Press.
- Lisak, D., Conklin, A., Hopper, J., Miller, P., Altschuler, L. & Smith, B. (2000). The Abuse-Perpetration Inventory: Development of an assessment instrument for research on the cycle of violence. Family Violence and Sexual Assault Bulletin, 21–30.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 1,355
Shared variance among self-report and behavioral measures of distress intolerance
McHugh, R. K., Daughters, S. B., Lejuez, C. W., Murray, H. W., Hearon, B. A., Gorka, S. M., & Otto, M. W. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-010-9295-1 · Cited by 206
Deficits in emotion regulation associated with pathological gambling
Williams, A. D., Grisham, J. R., Erskine, A., & Cassedy, E. (2011) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02022.x · Cited by 207
Trait mindfulness and health behaviours: a meta-analysis
Sala, M., Rochefort, C., Lui, P. P., & Baldwin, A. S. (2020) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2019.1650290 · Cited by 199
Morelen, D. M., Shaffer, A. E., & Suveg, C. M. (2014) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x14546720 · Cited by 248
“In other words, ER is conceptualized to encompass awareness of emotional experiences and ability to modulate emotional responses in accordance with situational demands or individual goals (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialThe role of avoidance of emotional material in the anxiety disorders
Salters-Pedneault, K., Tull, M. T., & Roemer, L. (2004) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appsy.2004.09.001 · Cited by 205
Self-citationThe relationship between dispositional mindfulness, attachment security and emotion regulation
Goodall, K., Trejnowska, A., & Darling, S. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.008 · Cited by 201
The Affective Style Questionnaire: Development and Psychometric Properties
Hofmann, S. G., & Kashdan, T. B. (2010) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-009-9142-4 · Cited by 203
Goodman, M., Carpenter, D., Tang, C. Y., Goldstein, K. E., Avedon, J., Fernandez, N., Mascitelli, K. A., Blair, N. J., New, A. S., Triebwasser, J., et al. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.06.020 · Cited by 198
“…DBT treatment effect on emotion regulation in unmedicated outpatients with BPD as measured by changes in the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) and uses an emotional processing task to investigate amygdala changes after a standard 12-month course of DBT.”
Sahdra, B. K., MacLean, K. A., Ferrer, E., Shaver, P. R., Rosenberg, E. L., Jacobs, T. L., Zanesco, A. P., King, B. G., Aichele, S. R., Bridwell, D. A., et al. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0022764 · Cited by 197
A risk and maintenance model for bulimia nervosa: From impulsive action to compulsive behavior.
Pearson, C. M., Wonderlich, S. A., & Smith, G. T. (2015) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0039268 · Cited by 217
“Women who experience high levels of negative emotions frequently are at risk to binge eat in an effort to alleviate the negative emotion (e.g., Agras & Telch, 1998; Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Wonderlich et al., 2014).”
BackgroundPhillips, K. F., & Power, M. (2007) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.523 · Cited by 218
Lougheed, J. P., & Hollenstein, T. (2012) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2012.00663.x · Cited by 233
The dialectical behavior therapy ways of coping checklist: development and psychometric properties
Neacsiu, A. D., Rizvi, S. L., Vitaliano, P. P., Lynch, T. R., & Linehan, M. M. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20685 · Cited by 200
Bardeen, J. R., Kumpula, M. J., & Orcutt, H. K. (2013) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.01.003 · Cited by 229
“Gratz and Roemer (2004) identify emotion regulation as the ability to monitor, evaluate, and modulate emotional reactions within the context of goal-directed behavior.”
InfluentialNavarro-Haro, M. V., Modrego-Alarcón, M., Hoffman, H. G., López-Montoyo, A., Navarro-Gil, M., Montero-Marin, J., García-Palacios, A., Borao, L., & García-Campayo, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00055 · Cited by 189
“Difficulties of emotion regulation scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer, 2004; Hervás and Jódar, 2008).”
BackgroundGratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2009) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-009-9268-4 · Cited by 225
Self-citationDaukantaité, D., Lundh, L., Wångby‐Lundh, M., Claréus, B., Bjärehed, J., Zhou, Y., & Liljedahl, S. (2020) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01533-4 · Cited by 210
Chaves, C., Lopez-Gomez, I., Hervas, G., & Vazquez, C. (2017) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9778-9 · Cited by 196
“Emotional functioning was measured by assessing positive and negative affect in the last week (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, PANAS; Watson et al. 1988; Lopez-Gomez et al. 2015; a = .87 for positive affect, a = .85 for negative affect), anxiety symptoms (Beck Anxiety Inventory, BAI; Beck and Steer 1990; Sanz a…”
BackgroundExpanding and Clarifying the Role of Emotion Regulation in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Andover, M. S., & Morris, B. W. (2014) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371405901102 · Cited by 221
Mitchell, J. T., McIntyre, E., English, J. S., Dennis, M. F., Beckham, J. C., & Kollins, S. H. (2013) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054713513328 · Cited by 193
“Emotion dysregulation was assessed by the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004) and the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS; Simons & Gaher, 2005).”
BackgroundMethodEnhancing Emotion-Regulation Skills in Police Officers: Results of a Pilot Controlled Study
Berking, M., Meier, C., & Wupperman, P. (2010) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2009.08.001 · Cited by 200
Gratz, K. L., Tull, M. T., & Levy, R. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713002134 · Cited by 194
“…negative emotions; (c) the use of situationally appropriate strategies to modulate the intensity or duration of emotions (rather than to eliminate emotions entirely); and (d) the willingness to experience negative emotions as part of pursuing meaningful activities in life (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationPinna, T., & Edwards, D. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01792 · Cited by 224
Acute aerobic exercise helps overcome emotion regulation deficits
Bernstein, E. E., & McNally, R. J. (2016) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2016.1168284 · Cited by 208
“Emotional clarity and regulation were measured with a modified version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
MethodEditorial overview: New directions in the science of emotion regulation
Tull, M. T., & Aldao, A. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.03.009 · Cited by 225
Self-focused attention and mechanisms of change in mindfulness-based treatment
Baer, R. A. (2009) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070902980703 · Cited by 187
McMain, S. F., Guimond, T., Barnhart, R., Habinski, L., & Streiner, D. L. (2017) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12664 · Cited by 184
“Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) (32), the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) (33) and the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Scale (KIMS) (34).”
MethodBurns, E. E., Fischer, S. F., Jackson, J. L., & Harding, H. G. (2012) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.08.005 · Cited by 187
Appraisal of Emotions in Media Use: Toward a Process Model of Meta-Emotion and Emotion Regulation
Bartsch, A., Vorderer, P., Mangold, R., & Viehoff, R. (2008) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213260701813447 · Cited by 211
Pachankis, J. E., Rendina, H. J., Restar, A., Ventuneac, A., Grov, C., & Parsons, J. T. (2015) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000180 · Cited by 185
“Emotion dysregulation—Participants completed the 36-item Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004), which measures general problems regulating emotions as well as six specific domains of difficulty with emotion regulation— nonacceptance of emotional responses (e.g.,…”
MethodKeng, S.-L., Smoski, M. J., Robins, C. J., Ekblad, A. G., & Brantley, J. G. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.26.3.270 · Cited by 184
“The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale was used as a measure of difficulties with emotion regulation ( .93 and test–retest r .88; Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
Perez, J., Venta, A., Garnaat, S., & Sharp, C. (2012) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-012-9292-7 · Cited by 184
Pisani, A. R., Wyman, P. A., Petrova, M., Schmeelk-Cone, K., Goldston, D. B., Xia, Y., & Gould, M. S. (2013) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9884-2 · Cited by 183
Karatzias, T., Shevlin, M., Fyvie, C., Hyland, P., Efthymiadou, E., Wilson, D., Roberts, N., Bisson, J., Brewin, C., & Cloitre, M. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.10.009 · Cited by 169
Brandt, C. P., Zvolensky, M. J., Woods, S. P., Gonzalez, A., Safren, S. A., & O’Cleirigh, C. M. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.11.005 · Cited by 192
Garofalo, C., Holden, C. J., Zeigler‐Hill, V., & Velotti, P. (2015) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21601 · Cited by 208
Facets of emotional awareness and associations with emotion regulation and depression.
Boden, M. T., & Thompson, R. J. (2015) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000057 · Cited by 223
Neural Correlates of Impulse Control During Stop Signal Inhibition in Cocaine-Dependent Men
Li, C. R., Huang, C. X., Yan, P., Bhagwagar, Z., Milivojevic, V., & Sinha, R. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301568 · Cited by 185
Parmentier, F. B. R., García-Toro, M., García-Campayo, J., Yañez, A. M., Andrés, P., & Gili, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00506 · Cited by 172
“Some evidence suggests that emotional regulation, the set of strategies and processes that shape the experience and expression of emotions (Gross, 1998), impact on well-being (Gross and John, 2003) and may play a mediating role between mindfulness and depression.”
BackgroundChrist, C., de Waal, M. M., Dekker, J., van Kuijk, I., van Schaik, A., Kikkert, M., Goudriaan, A. E., Beekman, A. T. F., & Messman‐Moore, T. L. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211882 · Cited by 209
Trauma, binge eating, and the “strong Black woman”.
Harrington, E. F., Crowther, J. H., & Shipherd, J. C. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019174 · Cited by 177
Mallorquí‐Bagué, N., Vintró‐Alcaraz, C., Sánchez, I., Riesco, N., Agüera, Z., Granero, R., Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., Menchón, J. M., Treasure, J. L., & Fernández‐Aranda, F. (2017) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2570 · Cited by 177
Oshri, A., Sutton, T. E., Clay‐Warner, J., & Miller, J. D. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.015 · Cited by 205
Kuo, J. R., Khoury, J. E., Metcalfe, R., Fitzpatrick, S., & Goodwill, A. M. (2014) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.08.008 · Cited by 177
Moral decision-making and moral development: Toward an integrative framework
Garrigan, B., Adlam, A., & Langdon, P. E. (2018) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2018.06.001 · Cited by 225
Gratz, K. L., & Chapman, A. L. (2007) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/1524-9220.8.1.1 · Cited by 174
Self-citationLavender, J. M., & Anderson, D. A. (2009) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20705 · Cited by 174
Hinton, D. E., Hofmann, S. G., Pollack, M. H., & Otto, M. W. (2009) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00100.x · Cited by 191
Cognitive-Based Compassion Training: A Promising Prevention Strategy for At-Risk Adolescents
Reddy, S. D., Negi, L. T., Dodson‐Lavelle, B., Silva, B. O.-D., Pace, T. W. W., Cole, S. P., Raison, C. L., & Craighead, L. W. (2012) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-012-9571-7 · Cited by 173
Recent innovations in the field of interpersonal emotion regulation
Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Bernecker, S. L., & Christensen, K. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.02.001 · Cited by 172
Emotion regulation and other psychological models for body-focused repetitive behaviors.
Roberts, S., O'Connor, K., & Bélanger, C. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.004 · Cited by 169
“The latter definitions imply that awareness and understanding of emotions in turn improves ability to monitor, experience, accept, and modify both positive and negative affect (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
InfluentialBarlow, M., Goldsmith, R. E., & Gerhart, J. I. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.006 · Cited by 215
“…i a o i e a h t E e c a t ( p t l a a r a a t 3 n m o G r a f i c b j i i b s L ER difficulties are common among trauma survivors (e.g., Cloitre, Miranda, Stovall-McClough, & Han, 2005), and include ack of ER strategies, not accepting emotions, and lack of emotional clarity (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEmotion Regulation Ability and Resilience in a Sample of Adolescents from a Suburban Area
Navas, J. M. M., Núñez-Lozano, J. M., Gómez‐Molinero, R., García, A. Z., & Bozal, R. G. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01980 · Cited by 214
“Probably because this is the most complicated ability to acquire within the Mayer and Salovey’s emotional intelligence model (Mayer and Salovey, 1997; Zeidner et al., 2003; Dulewicz and Higgs, 2004; Gratz and Roemer, 2004; Urry and Gross, 2010; Côté et al., 2011).”
BackgroundClasses and Consequences of Multiple Maltreatment
Berzenski, S. R., & Yates, T. M. (2011) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559511428353 · Cited by 187
Zhang, H., Chi, P., Long, H., & Ren, X. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104072 · Cited by 172
Psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale across demographic groups.
Ritschel, L. A., Tone, E. B., Schoemann, A. M., & Lim, N. E. (2015) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000099 · Cited by 168
“The DERS was developed to measure how frequently and intensely adults experience an array of clinically relevant emotion regulation problems, and the original study (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) demonstrated acceptable psychometric support for the DERS in this age group.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSmith, K. E., Mason, T. B., Johnson, J. S., Lavender, J. M., & Wonderlich, S. A. (2018) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22929 · Cited by 170
De France, K., Hancock, G. R., Stack, D. M., Serbin, L. A., & Hollenstein, T. (2022) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000838 · Cited by 170
Emotion Regulation Mediates the Relationship between ADHD and Depressive Symptoms in Youth
Seymour, K. E., Chronis-Tuscano, A. M., Halldorsdottir, T., Stupica, B., Owens, K., & Sacks, T. (2011) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9593-4 · Cited by 187
Daros, A. R., & Williams, G. E. (2019) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000212 · Cited by 169
A behavioral intervention for war-affected youth in Sierra Leone: a randomized controlled trial
Betancourt, T. S., McBain, R., Newnham, E. A., Akinsulure-Smith, A. M., Brennan, R. T., Weisz, J. R., & Hansen, N. B. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.09.011 · Cited by 165
Kehoe, C. E., Havighurst, S. S., & Harley, A. E. (2013) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12060 · Cited by 183
“The difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004) was used to assess parents’ own difficulties with emotion awareness and regulation.”
BackgroundMethodVine, V., & Aldao, A. (2014) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2014.33.4.319 · Cited by 196
“We selected abilities that have been delineated in Gratz and Roemer’s (2004) clinicallyfocused model of emotion dysregulation: (a) allowing and accepting emotional responses without trying to alter them; (b) accessing and implementing effective emotion regulation strategies when distressed; (c) inhibiting context-inap…”
MethodBoredom proneness and emotion regulation predict emotional eating
Crockett, A., Myhre, S. K., & Rokke, P. D. (2015) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105315573439 · Cited by 191
“M 3159.1 23.7 8.9 82.2 14.2 49.9 32.0 31.1 25.4 SD 2435.6 3.8 4.8 21.2 4.8 17.5 11.2 6.1 9.0 BMI: body mass index; BPS: Boredom Proneness Scale; DERS: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; EESb: Revised Emotional Eating Scale, bored subscale; EESo: Revised Emotional Eating Scale, other emotions combined; DEBQem: D…”
BackgroundInfluentialTurner, B. J., Chapman, A. L., & Layden, B. K. (2012) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.2011.00069.x · Cited by 191
Johnson, C., Burke, C., Brinkman, S., & Wade, T. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.03.002 · Cited by 167
Prioritizing positivity: An effective approach to pursuing happiness?
Catalino, L. I., Algoe, S. B., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2014) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0038029 · Cited by 172
“Carolina Empirically-Derived Mindfulness Inventory: The Carolina Empirically-Derived Mindfulness Inventory (CEDMI) measures the tendency to be mindful, or present-focused, in a nonjudgmental, accepting manner (Coffey, Hartman, & Fredrickson, 2010) with items drawn from the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer,…”
MethodPTSD, emotion dysregulation, and dissociative symptoms in a highly traumatized sample
Powers, A. D., Cross, D., Fani, N., & Bradley, B. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.12.011 · Cited by 168
“Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) The DERS is a 36-item psychometrically validated (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) self-report measure of emotion regulation difficulties.”
BackgroundVictimization and Perpetration Experiences of Adults With Autism
Weiss, J. A., & Fardella, M. A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00203 · Cited by 167
Christopher, M. S., Goerling, R. J., Rogers, B. S., Hunsinger, M., Baron, G., Bergman, A. L., & Zava, D. T. (2016) · Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11896-015-9161-x · Cited by 170
“The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer 2004) is a 36-item measure that assesses clinically relevant difficulties in emotion regulation (with a particular emphasis on negative emotions).”
BackgroundMethodLavender, J. M., Tull, M. T., DiLillo, D., Messman-Moore, T., & Gratz, K. L. (2017) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191115601218 · Cited by 164
“Items from the original DERS (Gratz & Roemer, 2004), which assesses individuals’ typical levels of emotion dysregulation across multiple domains, were adapted and modified to assess emotion dysregulation in a momentary fashion.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationFranklin, J. C., Hessel, E. T., Aaron, R. V., Arthur, M. S., Heilbron, N., & Prinstein, M. J. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020896 · Cited by 164
Psychological, addictive, and health behavior implications of the COVID-19 pandemic
Zvolensky, M. J., Garey, L., Rogers, A. H., Schmidt, N. B., Vujanovic, A. A., Storch, E. A., Buckner, J. D., Paulus, D. J., Alfano, C. A., Smits, J. A. J., et al. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103715 · Cited by 175
“…or diminishing the normative response to emotion stimuli and states, resulting in an excess or deficit, respectively, beyond typical emotional functioning; or altering the type of response to emotion stimuli and states (Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Reiss, 1991; Zvolensky, Bernstein, & Vujanovic, 2011).”
BackgroundFernando, S. C., Beblo, T., Schlosser, N., Terfehr, K., Otte, C., Löwe, B., Wolf, O. T., Spitzer, C., Drießen, M., & Wingenfeld, K. (2013) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2013.863262 · Cited by 167
Self-Concealment: Integrative Review and Working Model
Larson, D. G., Chastain, R. L., Hoyt, W. T., & Ayzenberg, R. (2015) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2015.34.8.705 · Cited by 180
Tull, M. T., & Gratz, K. L. (2008) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.03.005 · Cited by 162
Self-citationMindfulness Skills and Emotion Regulation: the Mediating Role of Coping Self-Efficacy
Luberto, C. M., Cotton, S., McLeish, A. C., Mingione, C. J., & O’Bryan, E. M. (2013) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0190-6 · Cited by 188
Why might poor sleep quality lead to depression? A role for emotion regulation
O’Leary, K., Bylsma, L. M., & Rottenberg, J. A. (2016) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2016.1247035 · Cited by 169
“…Questionnaire (RSQ; which measures overall tendencies to respond to low mood with rumination, Butler & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1994), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; a broadband ER scale that covers the awareness, understanding, and acceptance of emotions, Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodWhite, R., Gumley, A., McTaggart, J., Rattrie, L., McConville, D., Cleare, S., & Mitchell, G. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.09.003 · Cited by 161
Compulsive sexual behavior and dysregulation of emotion
Lew-Starowicz, M., Lewczuk, K., Nowakowska, I., Kraus, S., & Gola, M. (2020) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.10.003 · Cited by 163
Josefsson, T., Ivarsson, A., Gustafsson, H., Stenling, A., Lindwall, M., Tornberg, R., & Böröy, J. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01098-7 · Cited by 161
Ullman, S. E., Peter-Hagene, L. C., & Relyea, M. (2014) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2014.864747 · Cited by 165
“Construct validity is supported by findings that DERS scores are positively associated with experiential avoidance and negatively correlated with emotional expressivity (Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEmotion regulation in pathological skin picking: Findings from a non-treatment seeking sample
Snorrason, Í., Smári, J., & Ólafsson, R. P. (2010) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.01.009 · Cited by 162
Beliefs about emotion: implications for avoidance-based emotion regulation and psychological health
Castella, K. D., Platow, M. J., Tamir, M., & Gross, J. J. (2017) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2017.1353485 · Cited by 184
“Low emotion regulation selfefficacy is also associated with significantly higher levels of experiential avoidance – avoidance of unwanted inner experiences such as emotions, thoughts, and memories (Fergus, Bardeen, & Orcutt, 2013; Gratz & Roemer, 2004).”
BackgroundBonn‐Miller, M. O., Vujanovic, A. A., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2008) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826080802241292 · Cited by 161
Specificity of age differences in emotion regulation
Orgeta, V. (2009) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860902989661 · Cited by 161
How is affective instability defined and measured? A systematic review
Marwaha, S., He, Z., Broome, M. R., Singh, S. P., Scott, J. L., Eyden, J., & Dieter Wolke, C. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713002407 · Cited by 160
“…Gratz & Roemer (2004) definition DERS Gratz & Gunderson (2006) BPD USA BPD=22 R=19–58, M=33.32 (S.D. =9.98) McLean Hospital and in private practice Gratz & Roemer (2004) definition DERS Henry et al. (2008b) Schizophrenia Australia Schizophrenia=41, C=38 Schizophrenia: M=37.5 (S.D. =10.67),…”
BackgroundInfluentialExercise as a buffer against difficulties with emotion regulation: A pathway to emotional wellbeing
Bernstein, E. E., & McNally, R. J. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.07.010 · Cited by 186
Sharp, C., Ha, C., Michonski, J. D., Venta, A. C., & Carbone, C. (2012) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.12.003 · Cited by 167
“A dimensional perspective may be particularly important for conceptualizing BPD pathology among youth because it is better able to account for developmental fluctuations and increased heterogeneity, which have been reported in younger samples [54].”
BackgroundIncreased suppression of negative and positive emotions in major depression
Beblo, T., Fernando, S. C., Klocke, S., Griepenstroh, J., Aschenbrenner, S., & Drießen, M. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.019 · Cited by 182
Psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder: a focused systematic review and meta-analysis
Stoffers-Winterling, J. M., Storebø, O. J., Kongerslev, M. T., Faltinsen, E., Todorovac, A., Sedoc Jørgensen, M., Sales, C. P., Edemann Callesen, H., Pereira Ribeiro, J., Völlm, B. A., et al. (2022) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2021.204 · Cited by 156
Untended wounds: Non-suicidal self-injury in adults with autism spectrum disorder
Maddox, B. B., Trubanova, A., & White, S. W. (2017) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361316644731 · Cited by 154
“A 36-item scale that measures a person’s typical emotion dysregulation, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) has been used in college samples, clinical samples, and in treatment outcome research (Gratz and Roemer, 2004).”
Method(2008) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 157
Stevens, N. R., Gerhart, J., Goldsmith, R. E., Heath, N. M., Chesney, S. A., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2013) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.09.003 · Cited by 156
Shorey, R. C., Brasfield, H., Febres, J., & Stuart, G. L. (2011) · Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2011.629342 · Cited by 156
Colmenero-Navarrete, L., García-Sancho, E., & Salguero, J. M. (2022) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2021.1999872 · Cited by 155
“The most employed measure of ER processes in these studies was the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004), used in 44 studies.”
MethodIn‐Albon, T., Ruf, C., & Schmid, M. (2013) · Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.1155/2013/159208 · Cited by 155
Goldfarb, E. V., Seo, D., & Sinha, R. (2019) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100177 · Cited by 167
McLaughlin, K. A., Mennin, D. S., & Farach, F. J. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.12.004 · Cited by 167
Banyard, V., Hamby, S. L., & Grych, J. H. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.011 · Cited by 154
Metadata
- Authors
- Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gratz, Kim L.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
- Published
- 2004-03
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 41-54
- ISSN
- 0164-0305 (ISSN-L)
- 0882-2689
- 1573-3505
- OpenAlex
- W2017039362
- Cited by
- 8,942
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 849 · 2025: 928 · 2024: 828 · 2023: 808 · 2022: 723 · 2021: 730 · 2020: 646 · 2019: 591 · 2018: 546 · 2017: 460 · 2016: 394 · 2015: 339 · 2014: 316 · 2013: 213 · 2012: 171
- FWCI
- 13.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, emotional dysregulation, factor structure, psychometric validation, emotional awareness, emotional acceptance, adults, questionnaire development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
