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First lapses to smoking: Within-subjects analysis of real-time reports.
Abstract
Studies of smoking relapse and temptation episodes have relied on retrospective recall and confounded between- and within-subject variability. Real-time data on temptations and lapses to smoke were gathered using palm-top computers. We made within-subject comparisons of the initial lapse, a temptation episode, and base rate data obtained through randomly scheduled assessments. Negative affect discriminated all three situations, with lapses worse than temptations, and temptations worse than random situations. Participants attributed lapses to negative mood and smoking cues, whereas temptations were more often attributed to behavioral transitions. Participants were 12 times more likely to report coping in temptations than in lapses. However, only cognitive (vs. behavioral) coping strategies were effective. Lapses (vs. the other situations) were more likely to occur when smoking was permitted, when cigarettes were easily available, and in the presence of other smokers. The results have clinical implications, and the computerized monitoring methods may be applicable to an array of clinical research problems.
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“Psychiatric difficulty and negative affect have also shown to predict poor outcomes”
From Development and initial evaluation of the Brief Addiction Monitor (BAM) (2013) · cites this paper as Schiffman, Paty, Gnys, Kassel, & Kickcox, 1996
In the citing paper
“Exposure to risky situations and severity of craving have has been implicated in relapse”
From Development and initial evaluation of the Brief Addiction Monitor (BAM) (2013) · cites this paper as Schiffman et al., 1996
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shiffman, S., Paty, J. A., Gnys, M., Kassel, J. A., & Hickcox, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 1996
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 366-379
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W1978691251
- Cited by
- 745
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 8.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 06084, R01DA006084)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- smoking relapse, smoking lapse, negative affect, coping strategies, cognitive coping, smoking cues, social influences on smoking, computer monitoring, within-person variability, smoking cessation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Recurrence, Smoking Cessation
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