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Cited by 501Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorDecision-Making and Behavioral Economics

A unified framework for addiction: Vulnerabilities in the decision process

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Redish, A. David, Jensen, Steve, Johnson, Adam·2008·Behavioral and Brain Sciences
DOI 10.1017/s0140525x0800472xPMC PMC3774323
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Abstract

The understanding of decision-making systems has come together in recent years to form a unified theory of decision-making in the mammalian brain as arising from multiple, interacting systems (a planning system, a habit system, and a situation-recognition system). This unified decision-making system has multiple potential access points through which it can be driven to make maladaptive choices, particularly choices that entail seeking of certain drugs or behaviors. We identify 10 key vulnerabilities in the system: (1) moving away from homeostasis, (2) changing allostatic set points, (3) euphorigenic “reward-like” signals, (4) overvaluation in the planning system, (5) incorrect search of situation-action-outcome relationships, (6) misclassification of situations, (7) overvaluation in the habit system, (8) a mismatch in the balance of the two decision systems, (9) over-fast discounting processes, and (10) changed learning rates. These vulnerabilities provide a taxonomy of potential problems with decision-making systems. Although each vulnerability can drive an agent to return to the addictive choice, each vulnerability also implies a characteristic symptomology. Different drugs, different behaviors, and different individuals are likely to access different vulnerabilities. This has implications for an individual's susceptibility to addiction and the transition to addiction, for the potential for relapse, and for the potential for treatment.

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  • As a result of habitual and deliberative processes, drug use escalates so that people ultimately seek drugs compulsively.

    “As a result of these habitual and deliberative processes, drug use escalates so that people ultimately seek drugs compulsively (Redish et al. 2008).”

    From Psychology of Habit. (2016) · cites this paper as Redish et al. 2008

    Section 5.3 (page unavailable) describes a path from repeated drug use through planning-system changes to strong habitual use and loss of control in some users. But sections 5.2 and 5.3 explicitly say there are many paths to addiction, not an inevitable progression from deliberative to habitual drug seeking. The claim overstates that sequence as a general outcome. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Authors
Redish, A. D., Jensen, S., & Johnson, A.
Affiliations
University of Minnesota (US)
ORCID
Redish, A. David
Venue
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2008-07-29
Volume
31
Issue
4
Pages
415-437
ISSN
  • 0140-525X (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-1825
DOI
10.1017/s0140525x0800472x
PMC
PMC3774323
OpenAlex
W2171234119
Cited by
501
References
103
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 34
FWCI
2.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations
  • Behavioral and Brain Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5p50da013333-10)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (P50- DA013333)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM008471)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD007151)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Keywords
addiction, decision-making, planning systems, situation recognition, homeostasis, reward signals, overvaluation, discounting, learning rate, relapse, addiction vulnerability, addiction treatment
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Choice Behavior, Decision Making, Dopamine, Frontal Lobe, Hippocampus, Humans, Psychological Theory, Behavior, Addictive, Neostriatum, Substance-Related Disorders

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