Cited by 3,276Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchGrief, Bereavement, and Mental HealthEarthquake and Disaster Impact Studies

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A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.

Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan, Morrow, Jannay·1991·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115

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Abstract

Measures of emotional health and styles of responding to negative moods were obtained for 137 students 14 days before the Loma Prieta earthquake. A follow-up was done 10 days again 7 weeks after the earthquake to test predictions about which of the students would show the most enduring symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress. Regression analysis showed that students who, before the earthquake, already had elevated levels of depression and stress symptoms and a ruminative style of responding to their symptoms had more depression and stress symptoms for both follow-ups. Students who were exposed to more dangerous or difficult circumstances because of the earthquake also had elevated symptom levels 10 days after the earthquake. Similarly, students who, during the 10 days after the earthquake, had more ruminations about the earthquake were still more likely to have high levels of depressive and stress symptoms 7 weeks after the earthquake.

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Authors: Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J.
ORCID: Morrow, Jannay
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1991
Volume: 61
Issue: 1
Pages: 115-121
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115
OpenAlex: W4249412541
Cited by: 3,276
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 120 · 2025: 204 · 2024: 192 · 2023: 192 · 2022: 154 · 2021: 194 · 2020: 151 · 2019: 140 · 2018: 163 · 2017: 151 · 2016: 147 · 2015: 172 · 2014: 163 · 2013: 136 · 2012: 132
FWCI: 6.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Earthquake and Disaster Impact Studies
Keywords: depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms, natural disasters, Loma Prieta earthquake, disaster survivors, psychological trauma
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adjustment Disorders, Adult, California, Disasters, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Personality Tests, Prospective Studies, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

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A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.

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