Thoughts, behaviour, and brain dynamics during navigation in the real world
Abstract
How does the human brain allow us to interact with and navigate through a constantly changing world? Whilst controlled experiments using functional brain imaging can give insightful snapshots of neuronal responses to relatively simplified stimuli, they cannot hope to mirror the challenges faced by the brain in the real world. However, trying to study the brain mechanisms supporting daily living represents a huge challenge. By combining functional neuroimaging, an accurate interactive virtual simulation of a bustling central London (UK), and a novel means of 'reading' participants' thoughts whilst they moved around the city, we ascertained the online neural correlates underpinning navigation in this real-world context. A complex choreography of neural dynamics was revealed comprising focal and distributed, transient and sustained brain activity. Our results provide new insights into the specific roles of individual brain areas, in particular the hippocampus, retrosplenial, and frontal cortices, as well as offering clues about how functional specialisations operate within dynamic brain systems.
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Similar brain networks to the classic episodic memory network have been activated in navigation, spatial tasks, episodic future thinking, default mode, and daydreaming, leading to suggestions that the network performs a general function.
“Intriguingly, similar brain networks to the classic episodic memory network (also replicated in this study with the RM > RO contrast) has also been activated in a variety of other circumstances including navigation (Burgess et al., 2002; Hartley et al., 2003; Spiers and Maguire, 2006), spatial tasks (Maguire et al., 2003; Kumaran and Maguire, 2005), episodic future thinking (Atance and O'Neill, 2”
From Using Imagination to Understand the Neural Basis of Episodic Memory (2007) · cites this paper as Spiers and Maguire, 2006
Such a representation might take a schematic form, such that similar distances across different environments are processed similarly or by the same neural populations in the RSC.
“Such a representation might take a schematic form, such that similar distances across different environments are processed similarly or by the same neural populations in the RSC 153,154 .”
From From cognitive maps to spatial schemas (2023) · cites this paper as [154]
There is some functional MRI evidence of increased activation of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in highly familiar environments that had been navigated extensively over many years, even following bilateral hippocampal lesions.
“There is some functional MRI evidence of increased activation of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in highly familiar environments that had been navigated extensively over many years 127,154 , even following bilateral hippocampal lesions 198 , but the precise conditions in which this region is activated is unclear.”
From From cognitive maps to spatial schemas (2023) · cites this paper as [154]
One prior fMRI study involving London taxi drivers navigating a virtual simulation of London reported that the hippocampus is engaged at the start of navigating this highly familiar environment.
“One study involving London taxi drivers navigating a virtual simulation of London (UK) reported that the hippocampus is engaged at the start of navigating this highly familiar environment (Spiers and Maguire 2006).”
From Hippocampal and Retrosplenial Goal Distance Coding After Long-term Consolidation of a Real-World Environment (2019) · cites this paper as Spiers and Maguire 2006
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- Authors
- Spiers, H. J., & Maguire, E. A.
- Affiliations
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Spiers, Hugo J.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-07
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1826-1840
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2144232743
- Cited by
- 371
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 33.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- real-world navigation, human navigation, virtual reality simulation, hippocampus, retrosplenial cortex, frontal cortex, thought reading, functional specialization, everyday life
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Automobile Driving, Behavior, Brain, Computer Simulation, Eye Movements, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mental Processes, Middle Aged, Orientation
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