A unique adolescent response to reward prediction errors
Open accessAbstract
Previous work has shown that human adolescents may be hypersensitive to rewards, but it is not known which aspect of reward processing is responsible for this. We separated decision value and prediction error signals and found that neural prediction error signals in the striatum peaked in adolescence, whereas neural decision value signals varied depending on how value was modeled. This suggests that heightened dopaminergic prediction error responsivity contributes to adolescent reward seeking.
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Adolescents sometimes show greater ventral striatum activation while receiving rewards than children or adults, although this is not always observed.
“On the one hand, adolescents sometimes (41; 42; 43), although not always (44), show greater activation in ventral striatum while receiving rewards than do children or adults.”
From Adolescent Neurodevelopment (2013) · cites this paper as [42]
A model-based fMRI study found increased striatal neural signals for positive prediction errors in adolescents compared with children and adults, possibly contributing to greater risk taking.
“a recent model-based fMRI study showed increased neural signals for positive prediction errors in the striatum in adolescents (compared to children and adults), again possibly contributing to increased risk-taking behaviors in this age group”
From Addiction, adolescence, and the integration of control and motivation (2011) · cites this paper as Cohen et al., 2010
Previous studies found differential activations between adolescents and adults in striatal areas, but another study did not replicate that finding and instead found differences in connectivity between ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum.
“While Cohen et al. (2010) found differential activations between adolescents and adults in striatal areas, van den Bos et al. (2012) were not able to replicate that finding, but found differences in the connectivity between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the ventral striatum.”
From Cognitive flexibility in adolescence: Neural and behavioral mechanisms of reward prediction error processing in adaptive decision making during development (2015) · cites this paper as Cohen et al., 2010
Only few studies have investigated RPE processing in adolescents.
“Despite the importance of RPE processing in adolescence, only few studies have investigated RPE processing in adolescents (Christakou et al., 2011; Cohen et al., 2010; Javadi et al., 2014a; van den Bos et al., 2012).”
From Cognitive flexibility in adolescence: Neural and behavioral mechanisms of reward prediction error processing in adaptive decision making during development (2015) · cites this paper as Cohen et al., 2010
In Cohen et al. 2010, during feedback, activation to positive prediction errors peaked in striatum and angular gyrus in adolescents relative to adults or children.
“During the feedback stage, activation in response to positive prediction errors (unexpected gain) peaked in the striatum (MNI 14, 16, 4) and angular gyrus (MNI 60, −44, 28) in adolescents relative to adults or children.”
From A systematic review of fMRI reward paradigms used in studies of adolescents vs. adults: The impact of task design and implications for understanding neurodevelopment (2013) · cites this paper as Cohen et al. (2010)
In Cohen et al. 2010, decision value during selection was associated with a linear decrease in inferior medial prefrontal cortex activation with age.
“decision value (i.e., the value assigned to each potential choice (Kahneman and Tversky, 1979)) during the selection stage was associated with a linear decrease in inferior medial PFC activation with age (MNI 0, 50, −8).”
From A systematic review of fMRI reward paradigms used in studies of adolescents vs. adults: The impact of task design and implications for understanding neurodevelopment (2013) · cites this paper as Cohen et al. (2010)
In Cohen et al. 2010, the estimated learning rate did not differ across age groups.
“behaviorally, the estimated learning rate did not differ across age-groups.”
From A systematic review of fMRI reward paradigms used in studies of adolescents vs. adults: The impact of task design and implications for understanding neurodevelopment (2013) · cites this paper as Cohen et al. (2010)
During positive feedback, stronger striatal activation emerged in adolescents compared with adults, and during negative feedback, weaker orbitofrontal activation emerged in adolescents compared with adults.
“during positive feedback stage, stronger striatal activation (Cohen et al., 2010), and during negative feedback, weaker OFC activation (Van Leijenhorst et al., 2006), emerged in adolescents compared to adults.”
From A systematic review of fMRI reward paradigms used in studies of adolescents vs. adults: The impact of task design and implications for understanding neurodevelopment (2013) · cites this paper as Cohen et al., 2010
This was also the case when the test involved learning of values.
“This was also the case when the test consisted of the learning of values (Cohen et al., 2010).”
From A systematic review of fMRI reward paradigms used in studies of adolescents vs. adults: The impact of task design and implications for understanding neurodevelopment (2013) · cites this paper as Cohen et al., 2010
This finding resembles other studies showing an inverted U in brain function across development and a peak in reward sensitivity during adolescence.
“This finding is similar to other studies that demonstrated an “inverted U” in brain function across development, and highlights the peak in reward sensitivity in adolescence (Cohen et al., 2010; Somerville et al., 2010; van Leijenhorst et al., 2009; van Leijenhorst et al., 2010).”
From Developmental changes in brain function underlying the influence of reward processing on inhibitory control (2011) · cites this paper as Cohen et al., 2010
Several groups have reported that adolescents show heightened ventral striatum activation during reward receipt compared with younger and/or older individuals.
“In contrast to the sometimes attenuated fMRI activation seen in the ventral striatum among adolescents when anticipating rewards, adolescents have been reported by a number of groups to show heightened activation of the ventral striatum during receipt of rewards relative to younger and/or older individuals (Ernst et al, 2005a; Galvan et al, 2006; Cohen et al, 2010; van Leijenhorst et al, 2010a,b)”
From Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data (2011) · cites this paper as Cohen et al, 2010
Reward tasks are particularly arousing during adolescence, with marked increases in attention and shorter reaction times under rewarding conditions more than at other ages.
“tasks involving rewards appear to be particularly arousing during adolescence, with adolescents reported to show particularly marked increases in attention and shorter reaction times under rewarding than less rewarding conditions – a difference that is more prominent than at other ages”
From Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data (2011) · cites this paper as Cohen et al, 2010
Adolescents show heightened ventral striatum activation during receipt of rewards relative to younger and/or older individuals.
“adolescents have been reported by a number of groups to show heightened activation of the ventral striatum during receipt of rewards relative to younger and/or older individuals (Ernst et al, 2005a; Galvan et al, 2006; Cohen et al, 2010; van Leijenhorst et al, 2010a,b)”
From Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data (2011) · cites this paper as Cohen et al, 2010
Tasks involving rewards appear particularly arousing during adolescence, with marked increases in attention and shorter reaction times under rewarding than less rewarding conditions.
“tasks involving rewards appear to be particularly arousing during adolescence, with adolescents reported to show particularly marked increases in attention and shorter reaction times under rewarding than less rewarding conditions – a difference that is more prominent than at other ages (Jazbec et al, 2006; Hardin et al, 2007; Cohen et al, 2010; Smith et al, 2011).”
From Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data (2011) · cites this paper as Cohen et al, 2010
Functional MRI studies provide limited supportive evidence that, relative to children, adolescents show increased responses in regions of the brain's reward system when they anticipate or receive rewards or view rewarding stimuli.
“Functional MRI studies provide limited supportive evidence that, relative to children, adolescents show increased responses in regions of the brain’s reward system when they anticipate or receive rewards or view rewarding stimuli (Cohen et al., 2010; Galvan, Hare, Parra, Penn, Voss, et al., 2006; Somerville, Hare, & Casey, 2010; van Leijenhorst, Zannoli, VanMeel, Westerberg, Rombouts, & Crone, 201”
From Incentive Motivation, Cognitive Control, and the Adolescent Brain: Is It Time for a Paradigm Shift? (2012) · cites this paper as Cohen et al., 2010
Examinations of probabilistic learning from positive and negative feedback suggest age-related changes in the processing of predicted rewards.
“Examinations of probabilistic learning from positive and negative feedback suggest age-related changes in the processing of predicted rewards (Cohen, Asarnow, Sabb, Bilder, Bookheimer, Knowlton, & Poldrack 2010).”
From Incentive Motivation, Cognitive Control, and the Adolescent Brain: Is It Time for a Paradigm Shift? (2012) · cites this paper as Cohen, Asarnow, Sabb, Bilder, Bookheimer, Knowlton, & Poldrack 2010
Variability in studies of flexible updating may be related to aspects of study design, including the real-world motivational salience of rewards and the relative amounts of punishment and reward in the task.
“Variability in these studies may be related to aspects of study design, including the real-world motivational salience of rewards offered (Nelson et al., 2005; Vrtička et al., 2014) and the relative amounts of punishment and reward in the task (Cohen et al., 2010; Davidson et al., 2006; van den Bos et al., 2012; van der Schaaf et al., 2011; van Duijvenvoorde et al., 2008).”
From Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex? (2017) · cites this paper as Cohen et al., 2010
Findings from discrete studies have suggested relative peaks in limbic and striatal activation in adolescents during reward processing and reward-based learning, but these findings are not definitive.
“Findings from discrete studies have suggested relative peaks in limbic and striatal activation in adolescents during reward processing and reward-based learning (c.f., Galvan et al., 2006; Cohen et al., 2010) but these findings are not definitive.”
From Neural networks involved in adolescent reward processing: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies (2015) · cites this paper as Cohen et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Cohen, J. R., Asarnow, R. F., Sabb, F. W., Bilder, R. M., Bookheimer, S. Y., Knowlton, B. J., & Poldrack, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cohen, Jessica R
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-05-16
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 669-671
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC2876211
- OpenAlex
- W2067543592
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 12.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R24MH072697)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (F31DA024534)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- adolescence, reward prediction error, striatum, reward seeking, decision value, reward processing
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aging, Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Corpus Striatum, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mental Processes, Probability Learning, Reaction Time, Reward, Feedback, Psychological, Adolescent Development, Young Adult
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