Different developmental trajectories for anticipation and receipt of reward during adolescence
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Typical adolescent behaviour such as increased risk-taking and novelty-seeking is probably related to developmental changes in the brain reward system. This functional MRI study investigated how brain activation related to two components of reward processing (Reward Anticipation and Reward Outcome) changes with age in a sample of 39 children, adolescents and young adults aged 10-25. Our data revealed age-related changes in brain activity during both components of reward processing. Activation related to Reward Anticipation increased with age, while activation related to Reward Outcome decreased in various regions of the reward network. This shift from outcome to anticipation was confirmed by subsequent analyses showing positive correlations between age and the difference in activation between Reward Anticipation and Reward Outcome. The shift was predominantly present in striatal regions and was accompanied by a significant effect of age on behaviour, with older participants showing more response speeding on potentially rewarding trials than younger participants. This study provides evidence for functional changes in the reward system which may underlie typical adolescent behaviour.
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A handful of studies find the opposite pattern-dampened striatal response during adolescence relative to adulthood-and others fail to demonstrate any age differences.
“However, a handful of studies find the opposite pattern—dampened striatal response during adolescence relative to adulthood (Bjork et al., 2004, Bjork et al., 2010, Hoogendam et al., 2013, Lamm et al., 2014)—and others fail to demonstrate any age differences (Krain et al., 2006, Teslovich et al., 2014, Van Leijenhorst et al., 2006).”
From The dual systems model: Review, reappraisal, and reaffirmation (2016) · cites this paper as Hoogendam et al., 2013
The Results (§3.3, page not provided) report that striatal activation during reward anticipation increased with age, supporting a lower anticipatory response in younger participants. But striatal activation during reward receipt decreased with age, so the paper does not support dampened adolescent striatal response across reward processing generally. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredStudies focusing on striatal engagement during the receipt of a reward consistently find that adolescents engage the striatum to a greater extent than adults, suggesting that adolescents are more sensitive to rewarding outcomes.
“Studies focusing on striatal engagement during the receipt of a reward consistently find that adolescents engage the striatum to a greater extent than adults (Galvan and McGlennen, 2013, Hoogendam et al., 2013, Van Leijenhorst et al., 2010b), suggesting that adolescents are—as the dual systems model claims—more sensitive to rewarding outcomes.”
From The dual systems model: Review, reappraisal, and reaffirmation (2016) · cites this paper as Hoogendam et al., 2013
The Discussion (page not provided) reports greater adolescent activation during reward outcomes and cites similar findings, supporting the main comparison. But it also notes that Bjork et al. (2010) found no adolescent–adult difference in ventral striatal activation during reward delivery, so the claim that studies 'consistently' find greater engagement is overstated. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn Christakou et al. (2011), the tendency to choose large delayed rewards over small immediate rewards increased with age.
“Behaviorally, the tendency to opt for large, delayed choices rather than small, immediate choices increased with age, a pattern seen in other studies [see 110].”
From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [110]
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Aroma effects on food choice task behavior and brain responses to bakery food product cues
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Childhood trauma exposure and reward processing in healthy adults: A functional neuroimaging study
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Reward processing dysfunction in ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex in Parkinson's disease
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Self-regulation in the pre-adolescent brain
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Self-citationPrefrontal cortical thinning in HIV infection is associated with impaired striatal functioning
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Self-citationThe Ups and Downs of Relating Nondrug Reward Activation to Substance Use Risk in Adolescents
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Changes in White Matter Organization in Adolescent Offspring of Schizophrenia Patients
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Brain Responses to Anticipation and Consumption of Beer with and without Alcohol
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Brain reactivity to humorous films is affected by insomnia
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Reward processing and reinforcement learning: from adolescence to agingPreprint
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The effect of choice on memory across development
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Positive risk taking and neural sensitivity to risky decision making in adolescence
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Reward processing and reinforcement learning: From adolescence to aging
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Reward anticipation in individuals with subclinical psychotic experiences: A functional MRI approach
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Specifics of the Body Image of Adolescents with Scoliosis: A Case of Being Labeled as ‘A Scoliotic’
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The adolescent reward system: Longitudinal brain–behavior dynamics and pandemic effects
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- Authors
- Hoogendam, J. M., Kahn, R. S., Hillegers, M. H. J., van Buuren, M., & Vink, M.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Venue
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 113-124
- ISSN
- 1878-9293 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6987765
- OpenAlex
- W1998862591
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 4.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Keywords
- reward anticipation, reward outcome, brain reward system, adolescence, age-related brain development, striatum, response speed, risk-taking, novelty seeking, children and young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aging, Brain, Child, Corpus Striatum, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Reaction Time, Reward, Young Adult, Anticipation, Psychological
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