Circadian glucocorticoid oscillations promote learning-dependent synapse formation and maintenance.
Open accessAbstract
Excessive glucocorticoid exposure during chronic stress causes synapse loss and learning impairment. Under normal physiological conditions, glucocorticoid activity oscillates in synchrony with the circadian rhythm. Whether and how endogenous glucocorticoid oscillations modulate synaptic plasticity and learning is unknown. Here we show that circadian glucocorticoid peaks promote postsynaptic dendritic spine formation in the mouse cortex after motor skill learning, whereas troughs are required for stabilizing newly formed spines that are important for long-term memory retention. Conversely, chronic and excessive exposure to glucocorticoids eliminates learning-associated new spines and disrupts previously acquired memories. Furthermore, we show that glucocorticoids promote rapid spine formation through a non-transcriptional mechanism by means of the LIM kinase-cofilin pathway and increase spine elimination through transcriptional mechanisms involving mineralocorticoid receptor activation. Together, these findings indicate that tightly regulated circadian glucocorticoid oscillations are important for learning-dependent synaptic formation and maintenance. They also delineate a new signaling mechanism underlying these effects.
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Training mice at glucocorticoid peaks resulted in a higher rate of spine formation.
“Training mice at glucocorticoid peaks resulted in higher rate of spine formation, whereas glucocorticoid troughs following training was necessary for stabilization of spines formed during training and long-term memory retention (Liston et al., 2013).”
From Spatiotemporal dynamics of dendritic spines in the living brain (2014) · cites this paper as Liston et al., 2013
Glucocorticoid troughs following training were necessary for stabilization of spines formed during training and long-term memory retention.
“Training mice at glucocorticoid peaks resulted in higher rate of spine formation, whereas glucocorticoid troughs following training was necessary for stabilization of spines formed during training and long-term memory retention (Liston et al., 2013).”
From Spatiotemporal dynamics of dendritic spines in the living brain (2014) · cites this paper as Liston et al., 2013
The glucocorticoid level impacts motor learning-induced spine dynamics.
“Recently, it has also been found that the glucocorticoid level impacts motor learning-induced spine dynamics.”
From Spatiotemporal dynamics of dendritic spines in the living brain (2014) · cites this paper as Liston et al., 2013
Circadian changes in spine formation and removal are important for motor learning.
“Moreover, circadian changes in spine formation and removal are important for motor learning.”
From Neurobiological and Systemic Effects of Chronic Stress (2017) · cites this paper as [38]
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- Authors
- Liston, C., Cichon, J. M., Jeanneteau, F., Jia, Z., Chao, M. V., & Gan, W.-B.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- New York University (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Hospital for Sick Children (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Liston, Conor
- Gan, Wen-Biao
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-04-28
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 698-705
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC3896394
- OpenAlex
- W2030933765
- Cited by
- 358
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 8
- FWCI
- 20.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Weill Cornell Medical College
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH085324, K99MH097822, R01MH086651, R00MH097822, MH086651)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS021072, R01NS047325, NS-21072, R56NS021072)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- corticosterone, dendritic spine formation, synapse maintenance, motor skill learning, long-term memory, chronic stress, LIM kinase, cofilin, cytoskeletal remodeling, mineralocorticoid receptor, synaptic plasticity, cortical synapses
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Cerebral Cortex, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Glucocorticoids, Learning, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Synapses, Time Factors, Signal Transduction, Mice, Knockout, Dendritic Spines, Mice
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