Cited by 92Tryptophan and brain disordersTreatment of Major DepressionNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Serum Levels and Genotype: Association with Depression during Interferon-α Treatment

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Lotrich, Francis E, Albusaysi, Salwa, Ferrell, Robert E·2013·Neuropsychopharmacology

Abstract

Depression has been associated with inflammation, and inflammation may both influence and interact with growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Both the functional Val66Met BDNF polymorphism (rs6265) and BDNF levels have been associated with depression. It is thus plausible that decreased BDNF could mediate and/or moderate cytokine-induced depression. We therefore prospectively employed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) in 124 initially euthymic patients during treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN-α), assessing serum BDNF and rs6265. Using mixed-effect repeated measures, lower pretreatment BDNF was associated with higher depression symptoms during IFN-α treatment (F144,17.2=6.8; P<0.0001). However, although the Met allele was associated with lower BDNF levels (F1,83.0=5.0; P=0.03), it was only associated with increased MADRS scores (F4,8.9=20.3; P<0.001), and not the BDI-II or HADS. An exploratory comparison of individual BDI-II items indicated that the Met allele was associated with suicidal ideation, sadness, and worthlessness, but not neurovegetative symptoms. Conversely, the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) short allele was associated with neurovegetative symptoms such as insomnia, poor appetite and fatigue, but not sadness, worthlessness, or suicidal ideation. IFN-α therapy further lowered BDNF serum levels (F4,37.7=5.0; P=0.003), but this decrease occurred regardless of depression development. The findings thus do not support the hypothesis that decreasing BDNF is the primary pathway by which IFN-α worsens depression. Nonetheless, the results support the hypothesis that BDNF levels influence resiliency against developing inflammatory cytokine-associated depression, and specifically to a subset of symptoms distinct from those influenced by 5-HTTLPR.

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  • The met allele of BDNF, associated with decreased BDNF release, is associated with symptoms of depression during IFN-alpha treatment.

    “However, as described in section 2.6, the met allele (which is associated with decreased BDNF release) has been associated with symptoms of depression during IFN-alpha treatment (Lotrich et al., 2013).”
  • IFN-alpha administration decreases systemic BDNF levels in humans, as do other inflammatory cytokines and LPS injections.

    “IFN-alpha administration has also been found to decrease systemic BDNF levels in humans (Kenis et al., 2010, Lotrich et al., 2013) (see Figure 1), as can other inflammatory cytokines and LPS injections (Tong et al., 2008, Cortese et al., 2011) (Guan and Fang, 2006).”
  • A direct comparison found the 5-HTTLPR Short allele specifically associated with risk for neurovegetative symptoms of depression, while the BDNF Met allele was primarily associated with cognitive symptoms.

    “It is noteworthy that a direct comparison of the 5-HTTLPR and the met/val allele of BDNF found that the 5-HTTLPR Short allele was specifically associated with risk for neurovegetative symptoms of depression, while the BDNF Met allele was primarily associated with the cognitive symptoms (Lotrich et al., 2013).”
  • Patients treated with IFN-α were shown to have decreased serum BDNF levels in combination with increased protein levels of the cytokines IL-1 and IL-2.

    “Patients treated with IFN-α were shown to have decreased serum BDNF levels in combination with increased protein levels of the cytokines IL-1 and IL-2 [81, 82].”

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Authors
Lotrich, F. E., Albusaysi, S., & Ferrell, R. E.
Affiliations
  • University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author
Lotrich, Francis E
Venue
Neuropsychopharmacology
Published
2012-12-18
Volume
38
Issue
6
Pages
985-995
ISSN
  • 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
  • 1740-634X
OpenAlex
W1997351479
Cited by
92
References
129
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12
FWCI
2.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH090250, P30MH090333)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, interferon-alpha, interferon-induced depression, inflammatory cytokines, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, 5-HTTLPR, serotonin transporter polymorphism, neurovegetative symptoms, depression resilience
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Depression, Female, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neural Pathways, Polymorphism, Genetic, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Treatment Outcome, Interferon-alpha, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Young Adult

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