Cited by 481Neural dynamics and brain functionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchAdvanced Memory and Neural Computing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 176 of the 177 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Neuronal arithmetic

Open access

Silver, R. Angus·2010·Nature Reviews Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/nrn2864PMC PMC4750293

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The vast computational power of the brain has traditionally been viewed as arising from the complex connectivity of neural networks, in which an individual neuron acts as a simple linear summation and thresholding device. However, recent studies show that individual neurons utilize a wealth of nonlinear mechanisms to transform synaptic input into output firing. These mechanisms can arise from synaptic plasticity, synaptic noise, and somatic and dendritic conductances. This tool kit of nonlinear mechanisms confers considerable computational power on both morphologically simple and more complex neurons, enabling them to perform a range of arithmetic operations on signals encoded ina variety of different ways.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nrn2864

Cites

176 of 176 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity
McCulloch, W. S., & Pitts, W. (1943) · The Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics · doi:10.1007/bf02478259 · Cited by 18,566
Neuronal Oscillations in Cortical Networks
Buzsáki, G., & Draguhn, A. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1099745 · Cited by 6,576
Magnesium gates glutamate-activated channels in mouse central neurones
Nowak, L. M., Bregestovski, P. D., Ascher, P., Herbet, A., & Prochiantz, A. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/307462a0 · Cited by 4,116
Interplay between Cortical Spreading Depolarization and Seizures
Kramer, D. R., Fujii, T., Ohiorhenuan, I. E., & Liu, C. Y. (2017) · Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery · doi:10.1159/000452841 · Cited by 3,721
An Energy Budget for Signaling in the Grey Matter of the Brain
Attwell, D., & Laughlin, S. B. (2001) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-200110000-00001 · Cited by 3,543
Dynamic predictions: Oscillations and synchrony in top–down processing
Engel, A. K., Fries, P., & Singer, W. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35094565 · Cited by 3,454
The NEURON Simulation Environment
Hines, M. L., & Carnevale, N. T. (1997) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.6.1179 · Cited by 2,630
Synaptic depression and cortical gain control
Abbott, L. F., Varela, J. A., Sen, K., & Nelson, S. B. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5297.221 · Cited by 1,690
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
Spruston, N. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2286 · Cited by 1,688
Synaptic computation
Abbott, L. F., & Regehr, W. G. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03010 · Cited by 1,684
The neural code between neocortical pyramidal neurons depends on neurotransmitter release probability
Tsodyks, M. V., & Markram, H. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.2.719 · Cited by 1,607
The mechanism of directionally selective units in rabbit's retina.
Barlow, H. B., & Levick, W. R. (1965) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007638 · Cited by 1,576
The Handbook of brain theory and neural networks
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-0300 · Cited by 1,540
Feature-based attention influences motion processing gain in macaque visual cortex
Treue, S., & Trujillo, J. C. M. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/21176 · Cited by 1,465
Bayesian inference with probabilistic population codes
Ma, W. J., Beck, J. M., Latham, P. E., & Pouget, A. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1790 · Cited by 1,457
Encoding of Spatial Location by Posterior Parietal Neurons
Andersen, R., Essick, G. K., & Siegel, R. M. (1985) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.4048942 · Cited by 1,413
Sparse coding of sensory inputs
Olshausen, B. A., & Field, D. J. (2004) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2004.07.007 · Cited by 1,404
K+ channel regulation of signal propagation in dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons
Hoffman, D. A., Magee, J. C., Colbert, C. M., & Johnston, D. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43119 · Cited by 1,392
Electric current flow in excitable cells
(1976) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(76)80560-1 · Cited by 1,289
Sparse Coding and Decorrelation in Primary Visual Cortex During Natural Vision
Vinje, W. E., & Gallant, J. L. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5456.1273 · Cited by 1,286
Noise, neural codes and cortical organization
Shadlen, M. N., & Newsome, W. T. (1994) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0959-4388(94)90059-0 · Cited by 1,255
Effects of Attention on Orientation-Tuning Functions of Single Neurons in Macaque Cortical Area V4
McAdams, C. J., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-01-00431.1999 · Cited by 1,218
A new cellular mechanism for coupling inputs arriving at different cortical layers
Larkum, M. E., Zhu, J. J., & Sakmann, B. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/18686 · Cited by 1,180
Monosynaptic Restriction of Transsynaptic Tracing from Single, Genetically Targeted Neurons
Wickersham, I. R., Lyon, D. C., Barnard, R. J. O., Mori, T., Finke, S., Conzelmann, K., Young, J. A. T., & Callaway, E. M. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.01.033 · Cited by 1,176
A back-propagation programmed network that simulates response properties of a subset of posterior parietal neurons
Zipser, D., & Andersen, R. A. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/331679a0 · Cited by 1,172
DENDRITIC COMPUTATION
London, M., & Häusser, M. (2005) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135703 · Cited by 1,149
Neurotransmitter actions in the thalamus and cerebral cortex and their role in neuromodulation of thalamocortical activity
McCormick, D. A. (1992) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(92)90012-4 · Cited by 1,117
Imaging large-scale neural activity with cellular resolution in awake, mobile mice
Dombeck, D. A., Khabbaz, A. N., Collman, F., Adelman, T. L., & Tank, D. W. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.08.003 · Cited by 1,099
The high-conductance state of neocortical neurons in vivo
Alain Destexhe, A., Rudolph, M., & Paré, D. (2003) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1198 · Cited by 1,062
Gain Modulation from Background Synaptic Input
Chance, F. S., Abbott, L. F., & Reyes, A. D. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00820-6 · Cited by 1,012
Stable propagation of synchronous spiking in cortical neural networks
Diesmann, M., Gewaltig, M.-O., & Aertsen, A. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/990101 · Cited by 998
Redistribution of synaptic efficacy between neocortical pyramidal neurons
Markram, H., & Tsodyks, M. V. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382807a0 · Cited by 857
Computational subunits in thin dendrites of pyramidal cells
Polsky, A., Mel, B. W., & Schiller, J. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1253 · Cited by 817
Pyramidal Neuron as Two-Layer Neural Network
Poirazi, P., Brannon, T., & Mel, B. W. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00149-1 · Cited by 803
Dendritic Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity
Sjöström, P. J., Rancz, E. A., Roth, A., & Häusser, M. (2008) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00016.2007 · Cited by 740
NMDA spikes in basal dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons
Schiller, J., Major, G., Koester, H. J., & Schiller, Y. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35005094 · Cited by 720
Development of a tonic form of synaptic inhibition in rat cerebellar granule cells resulting from persistent activation of GABAA receptors.
Brickley, S. G., Cull-Candy, S. G., & Farrant, M. (1996) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021806 · Cited by 717
Cortical rewiring and information storage
Chklovskii, D. B., Mel, B. W., & Svoboda, K. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03012 · Cited by 717
The impulses produced by sensory nerve‐endings
Adrian, E. D., & Zotterman, Y. (1926) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1926.sp002281 · Cited by 713
Action potential generation requires a high sodium channel density in the axon initial segment
Kole, M. H. P., Ilschner, S. U., Kampa, B. M., Williams, S. R., Ruben, P. C., & Stuart, G. J. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2040 · Cited by 703
Instantaneous correlation of excitation and inhibition during ongoing and sensory-evoked activities
Okun, M., & Lampl, I. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2105 · Cited by 701
Synaptic integration in tuft dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons: a new unifying principle
Larkum, M. E., Nevian, T., Sandler, M., Polsky, A., & Schiller, J. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1171958 · Cited by 677
Visual input evokes transient and strong shunting inhibition in visual cortical neurons
Graham, L. J., Monier, C., & Frégnac, Y. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/30735 · Cited by 669
Perisomatic Inhibition
Freund, T. F., & Katona, I. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.09.012 · Cited by 656
Adaptive Rescaling Maximizes Information Transmission
Brenner, N., Bialek, W., & van Steveninck, R. R. D. R. (2000) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)81205-2 · Cited by 650
Summation and Division by Neurons in Primate Visual Cortex
Carandini, M., & Heeger, D. J. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8191289 · Cited by 649
Fluctuating synaptic conductances recreate in vivo-like activity in neocortical neurons
Destexhe, A., Rudolph, M., Fellous, J.-M., & Sejnowski, T. J. (2001) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00344-x · Cited by 642
Integrative Properties of Radial Oblique Dendrites in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
Losonczy, A., & Magee, J. C. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.03.016 · Cited by 641
Circuit-breakers: optical technologies for probing neural signals and systems
Zhang, F., Aravanis, A. M., Adamantidis, A., de Lecea, L., & Deisseroth, K. A. (2007) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2192 · Cited by 637
Neocortical LTD via Coincident Activation of Presynaptic NMDA and Cannabinoid Receptors
Sjöström, P. J., Turrigiano, G. G., & Nelson, S. B. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00476-8 · Cited by 629
Impact of Network Activity on the Integrative Properties of Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons In Vivo
Alain Destexhe, A., & Paré, D. (1999) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.4.1531 · Cited by 611
Dendritic location of synapses and possible mechanisms for the monosynaptic EPSP in motoneurons.
Rall, W., Burke, R. E., Smith, T., Nelson, P. G., & Frank, K. (1967) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1967.30.5.1169 · Cited by 607
Shunting Inhibition Modulates Neuronal Gain during Synaptic Excitation
Mitchell, S. J., & Silver, R. A. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00200-9 · Cited by 602
Self-citation
Impact of Active Dendrites and Structural Plasticity on the Memory Capacity of Neural Tissue
Poirazi, P., & Mel, B. W. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00252-5 · Cited by 601
Compartmentalized dendritic plasticity and input feature storage in neurons
Losonczy, A., Makara, J. K., & Magee, J. C. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06725 · Cited by 598
Probabilistic reasoning by neurons
Yang, T., & Shadlen, M. N. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05852 · Cited by 597
Action potential initiation and propagation in rat neocortical pyramidal neurons
Stuart, G. J., Schiller, J., & Sakmann, B. J. (1997) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1997.617ba.x · Cited by 594
The influence of the angle of gaze upon the excitability of the light- sensitive neurons of the posterior parietal cortex
Andersen, R., & Mountcastle, V. B. (1983) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.03-03-00532.1983 · Cited by 594
A quantitative study of end‐plate potentials in isolated human muscle.
Elmqvist, D., & Quastel, D. M. J. (1965) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007639 · Cited by 579
Interplay between Facilitation, Depression, and Residual Calcium at Three Presynaptic Terminals
Dittman, J. S., Kreitzer, A. C., & Regehr, W. G. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-04-01374.2000 · Cited by 526
In vivo, low-resistance, whole-cell recordings from neurons in the anaesthetized and awake mammalian brain
Margrie, T. W., Brecht, M., & Sakmann, B. J. (2002) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-002-0831-z · Cited by 524
Dendritic organization of sensory input to cortical neurons in vivo
Jia, H., Rochefort, N. L., Chen, X., & Konnerth, A. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08947 · Cited by 521
Channels underlying neuronal calcium-activated potassium currents
Sah, P., & Faber, E. S. L. (2002) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00004-7 · Cited by 512
Nonlinear interactions in a dendritic tree: localization, timing, and role in information processing
Koch, C., Poggio, T., & Torre, V (1983) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.80.9.2799 · Cited by 496
Energy Efficient Neural Codes
Levy, W. B., & Baxter, R. A. (1996) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1996.8.3.531 · Cited by 477
Glutamate receptor desensitization and its role in synaptic transmission
Trussell, L. O., & Fischbach, G. D. (1989) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(89)90034-2 · Cited by 457
Rapid Neocortical Dynamics: Cellular and Network Mechanisms
Haider, B., & McCormick, D. A. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.04.008 · Cited by 441
Spatial Transformations in the Parietal Cortex Using Basis Functions
Pouget, A., & B, T. J. S. A. (1997) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.2.222 · Cited by 437
Frequency-dependent synaptic depression and the balance of excitation and inhibition in the neocortex
Galarreta, M., & Hestrin, S. (1998) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/2822 · Cited by 436
The electrical properties of the motoneurone membrane
Coombs, J. S., Eccles, J. C., & Fatt, P. (1955) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1955.sp005411 · Cited by 427
The Contribution of Noise to Contrast Invariance of Orientation Tuning in Cat Visual Cortex
Anderson, J. S., Lampl, I., Gillespie, D. C., & Ferster, D. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5498.1968 · Cited by 422
Properties of basal dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons: a direct patch-clamp recording study.
Nevian, T., Larkum, M. E., Polsky, A., & Schiller, J. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1826 · Cited by 406
Gain Modulation
Salinas, E., & Thier, P. (2000) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00004-0 · Cited by 400
Multiplicative computation in a visual neuron sensitive to looming
Gabbiani, F., Krapp, H. G., Christof Koch, A., & Laurent, G. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01190 · Cited by 395
Dendritic Sodium Spikes Are Variable Triggers of Axonal Action Potentials in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
Golding, N. L., & Spruston, N. (1998) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80635-2 · Cited by 395
Head position signals used by parietal neurons to encode locations of visual stimuli
Brotchie, P., Andersen, R. A., Snyder, L. H., & Goodman, S. J. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/375232a0 · Cited by 382
Dependence of EPSP Efficacy on Synapse Location in Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons
Williams, S. R., & Stuart, G. J. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1067903 · Cited by 378
Rapid-time-course miniature and evoked excitatory currents at cerebellar synapses in situ
Silver, R. A., Traynelis, S. F., & Cull-Candy, S. G. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/355163a0 · Cited by 368
Self-citation
Top-down Dendritic Input Increases the Gain of Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons
Larkum, M. E. (2004) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh065 · Cited by 366
Voltage- and space-clamp errors associated with the measurement of electrotonically remote synaptic events
Spruston, N., Jaffe, D. B., Williams, S. H., & Johnston, D. (1993) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.2.781 · Cited by 362
‐Dynamic representation of whisker deflection by synaptic potentials in spiny stellate and pyramidal cells in the barrels and septa of layer 4 rat somatosensory cortex
Brecht, M., & Sakmann, B. J. (2002) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2002.018465 · Cited by 341
On the Initiation and Propagation of Dendritic Spikes in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
Gasparini, S., Migliore, M., & Magee, J. C. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2520-04.2004 · Cited by 340
Local structural balance and functional interaction of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in hippocampal dendrites
Liu, G. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1206 · Cited by 339
Depression of transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction of the frog
Betz, W. J. (1970) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009034 · Cited by 325
Linear Summation of Excitatory Inputs by CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
Cash, S. S., & Yuste, R. (1999) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)81098-3 · Cited by 309
A synaptic mechanism possibly underlying directional selectivity to motion
Torre, V., & Poggio, T. (1978) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1978.0075 · Cited by 308
Amplification of synaptic current by persistent sodium conductance in apical dendrite of neocortical neurons
Schwindt, P. C., & Crill, W. E. (1995) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.5.2220 · Cited by 305
State-Dependent Dendritic Computation in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
Gasparini, S., & Magee, J. C. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4428-05.2006 · Cited by 304
Transfer of coded information from sensory to motor networks
Salinas, E., & Abbott, L. F. (1995) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-10-06461.1995 · Cited by 300
Barrages of Synaptic Activity Control the Gain and Sensitivity of Cortical Neurons
Shu, Y., Hasenstaub, A., Badoual, M., Bal, T., & McCormick, D. A. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-32-10388.2003 · Cited by 298
Dynamic Receptive Fields of Reconstructed Pyramidal Cells in Layers 3 and 2 of Rat Somatosensory Barrel Cortex
Brecht, M., Roth, A., & Sakmann, B. J. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.044222 · Cited by 294
High-fidelity transmission of sensory information by single cerebellar mossy fibre boutons
Rancz, E. A., Ishikawa, T., Duguid, I., Chadderton, P. T., Mahon, S., & Häusser, M. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05995 · Cited by 291
Synaptic Background Activity Enhances the Responsiveness of Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons
Hô, N., & Destexhe, A. (2000) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.3.1488 · Cited by 281
Submillisecond Precision of the Input-Output Transformation Function Mediated by Fast Sodium Dendritic Spikes in Basal Dendrites of CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
Ariav, G., Poleg-Polsky, A., & Schiller, J. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-21-07750.2003 · Cited by 276
Synaptic background noise controls the input/output characteristics of single cells in an in vitro model of in vivo activity
Fellous, J.-M., Rudolph, M., Destexhe, A., & Sejnowski, T. J. (2003) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.08.027 · Cited by 273
The impulses produced by sensory nerve endings
Adrian, E. D., & Zotterman, Y. (1926) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1926.sp002308 · Cited by 272
The effect of inhibitory nerve impulses on a crustacean muscle fibre
Fatt, P., & Katz, B. (1953) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1953.sp004952 · Cited by 267
Synaptic clustering by dendritic signalling mechanisms
Larkum, M. E., & Nevian, T. (2008) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2008.08.013 · Cited by 265
Spatial Organization of Neuronal Population Responses in Layer 2/3 of Rat Barrel Cortex
Kerr, J. N. D., de Kock, C. P. J., Greenberg, D. S., Bruno, R. M., Sakmann, B. J., & Helmchen, F. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2210-07.2007 · Cited by 264
Book Review: Gain Modulation in the Central Nervous System: Where Behavior, Neurophysiology, and Computation Meet
Salinas, E., & B, T. J. S. A. (2001) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/107385840100700512 · Cited by 264
The spine neck filters membrane potentials
Araya, R., Jiang, J., Eisenthal, K. B., & Yuste, R. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0608755103 · Cited by 258
Whole-Cell Recordings in Freely Moving Rats
Lee, A. K., Manns, I. D., Sakmann, B. J., & Brecht, M. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.07.004 · Cited by 254
Shunting Inhibition Does Not Have a Divisive Effect on Firing Rates
Holt, G. R., & Koch, C. (1997) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.5.1001 · Cited by 250
Synaptic depression enables neuronal gain control
Rothman, J. S., Cathala, L., Steuber, V., & Silver, R. A. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07604 · Cited by 249
Self-citation
The Emergence of Contrast-Invariant Orientation Tuning in Simple Cells of Cat Visual Cortex
Finn, I. M., Priebe, N. J., & Ferster, D. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.02.029 · Cited by 248
Fast vesicle reloading and a large pool sustain high bandwidth transmission at a central synapse
Saviane, C., & Silver, R. A. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04509 · Cited by 241
Self-citation
NATURE OF THE "ENDPLATE POTENTIAL" IN CURARIZED MUSCLE
Eccles, J. C., Katz, B., & Kuffler, S. W. (1941) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1941.4.5.362 · Cited by 234
Supralinear Ca 2+ Influx into Dendritic Tufts of Layer 2/3 Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo
Waters, J., Larkum, M. E., Sakmann, B. J., & Helmchen, F. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-24-08558.2003 · Cited by 227
Gain control of firing rate by shunting inhibition: Roles of synaptic noise and dendritic saturation
Prescott, S. A., & De Koninck, Y. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0337591100 · Cited by 226
Spatiotemporally Graded NMDA Spike/Plateau Potentials in Basal Dendrites of Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons
Major, G., Poleg-Polsky, A., Denk, W. T., Schiller, J., & Tank, D. W. (2008) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00011.2008 · Cited by 222
A Synaptic Explanation of Suppression in Visual Cortex
Carandini, M., Heeger, D. J., & Senn, W. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-22-10053.2002 · Cited by 219
Synaptic integration in a model of cerebellar granule cells
Gabbiani, F., Midtgaard, J., & Knöpfel, T. (1994) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1994.72.2.999 · Cited by 215
Sub-millisecond coincidence detection in active dendritic trees
Softky, W. R. (1994) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90154-6 · Cited by 211
neuroConstruct: A Tool for Modeling Networks of Neurons in 3D Space
Gleeson, P., Steuber, V., & Silver, R. A. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.03.025 · Cited by 211
Self-citation
Neural Noise Can Explain Expansive, Power-Law Nonlinearities in Neural Response Functions
Miller, K. D., & Troyer, T. W. (2002) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00425.2001 · Cited by 207
Untitled work
Egner (2005) · doi:10.1038/nn1591 · Cited by 207
Purkinje Cells in Posterior Cerebellar Vermis Encode Motion in an Inertial Reference Frame
Yakusheva, T. A., Shaikh, A. G., Green, A. M., Blázquez, P. M., Dickman, J. D., & Angelaki, D. E. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.06.003 · Cited by 204
Compartmentalized and Binary Behavior of Terminal Dendrites in Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
Wei, D.-S., Mei, Y., Bagal, A. A., Kao, J. P. Y., Thompson, S. M., & Tang, C. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1061198 · Cited by 199
RuBi-Glutamate: Two-photon and visible-light photoactivation of neurons and dendritic spines
Fino, É. (2009) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/neuro.04.002.2009 · Cited by 195
The Contribution of Single Synapses to Sensory Representation in Vivo
Arenz, A., Silver, R. A., Schaefer, A. T., & Margrie, T. W. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1158391 · Cited by 193
Self-citation
Translation invariance in the responses to faces of single neurons in the temporal visual cortical areas of the alert macaque
Tovée, M. J., Rolls, E. T., & Azzopardi, P. (1994) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1994.72.3.1049 · Cited by 185
On the relationship between synaptic input and spike output jitter in individual neurons
Maršálek, P., Christof Koch, A., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.2.735 · Cited by 167
How Noise Contributes to Contrast Invariance of Orientation Tuning in Cat Visual Cortex
Hansel, D., & van Vreeswijk, C. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-12-05118.2002 · Cited by 157
Input Summation by Cultured Pyramidal Neurons Is Linear and Position-Independent
Cash, S. S., & Yuste, R. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-01-00010.1998 · Cited by 156
Contrasting Effects of the Persistent Na+ Current on Neuronal Excitability and Spike Timing
Vervaeke, K., Hu, H., Graham, L. J., & Storm, J. F. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.12.022 · Cited by 152
Amplification and linearization of distal synaptic input to cortical pyramidal cells
Bernander, Ö., Koch, C., & Douglas, R. J. (1994) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1994.72.6.2743 · Cited by 151
Maturation of EPSCs and Intrinsic Membrane Properties Enhances Precision at a Cerebellar Synapse
Cathala, L., Brickley, S. G., Cull-Candy, S. G., & Farrant, M. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-14-06074.2003 · Cited by 149
Membrane Potential Changes in Dendritic Spines during Action Potentials and Synaptic Input
Palmer, L. M., & Stuart, G. J. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5847-08.2009 · Cited by 149
Regulation of Firing Response Gain by Calcium-Dependent Mechanisms in Vestibular Nucleus Neurons
Smith, M. R., Nelson, A., & du Lac, S. (2002) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00821.2001 · Cited by 147
Algebraical summation in synaptic activation of motoneurones firing within the ‘primary range’ to injected currents
Granit, R., Kernell, D., & Lamarre, Y. (1966) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1966.sp008097 · Cited by 147
The inhibitory suppression of reflex discharges from motoneurones
Coombs, J. S., Eccles, J. C., & Fatt, P. (1955) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1955.sp005414 · Cited by 146
Multiplicative Gain Changes Are Induced by Excitation or Inhibition Alone
Murphy, B. K., & Miller, K. D. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-31-10040.2003 · Cited by 144
Arithmetical operations performed by nerve cells
Blomfield, S. (1974) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(74)90375-8 · Cited by 143
Synaptic Noise Improves Detection of Subthreshold Signals in Hippocampal CA1 Neurons
Stacey, W. C., & Durand, D. M. (2001) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.3.1104 · Cited by 142
Dendritic spines linearize the summation of excitatory potentials
Araya, R., Eisenthal, K. B., & Yuste, R. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0609225103 · Cited by 141
Two-color, two-photon uncaging of glutamate and GABA
Kantevari, S., Matsuzaki, M., Kanemoto, Y., Kasai, H., & Ellis‐Davies, G. C. R. (2009) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1413 · Cited by 139
Postsynaptic Variability of Firing in Rat Cortical Neurons: The Roles of Input Synchronization and Synaptic NMDA Receptor Conductance
Harsch, A., & Robinson, H. P. C. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-16-06181.2000 · Cited by 137
Visibility of synaptically induced conductance changes: theory and simulations of anatomically characterized cortical pyramidal cells
Christof Koch, A., Douglas, R. J., & Wehmeier, U. J. (1990) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.10-06-01728.1990 · Cited by 133
Spatial compartmentalization and functional impact of conductance in pyramidal neurons
Williams, S. R. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1305 · Cited by 126
Brain Size and Number of Neurons: An Exercise in Synthetic Neuroanatomy
Braitenberg, V. (2001) · Journal of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1023/a:1008920127052 · Cited by 125
Diversity of Gain Modulation by Noise in Neocortical Neurons: Regulation by the Slow Afterhyperpolarization Conductance
Higgs, M. H., Slee, S. J., & Spain, W. J. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1792-06.2006 · Cited by 124
Dendritic Calcium Spikes Are Tunable Triggers of Cannabinoid Release and Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity in Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons
Rancz, E. A., & Häusser, M. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5284-05.2006 · Cited by 122
Tuning Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons between Integrators and Coincidence Detectors
Rudolph, M., & Alain Destexhe, A. (2003) · Journal of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1023/a:1023245625896 · Cited by 121
Deterministic Multiplicative Gain Control with Active Dendrites
Mehaffey, W. H., Doiron, B., Maler, L., & Turner, R. W. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2682-05.2005 · Cited by 120
EXCITATORY AND INHIBITORY SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS IN ANAESTHESIA
Pocock, G., & Richards, C. D. (1993) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/71.1.134 · Cited by 117
Outwardly Rectifying Tonically Active GABA A Receptors in Pyramidal Cells Modulate Neuronal Offset, Not Gain
Pavlov, I., Savtchenko, L. P., Kullmann, D. M., Semyanov, A. V., & Walker, M. C. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2747-09.2009 · Cited by 113
Comparison of current-driven and conductance-driven neocortical model neurons with Hodgkin-Huxley voltage-gated channels
Tiesinga, P. H. E., José, J. V., & Sejnowski, T. J. (2000) · Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics · doi:10.1103/physreve.62.8413 · Cited by 113
Evidence for a Computational Distinction Between Proximal and Distal Neuronal Inhibition
Vu, E. T., & Krasne, F. B. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1553559 · Cited by 112
Subtractive and Divisive Inhibition: Effect of Voltage-Dependent Inhibitory Conductances and Noise
Doiron, B., Longtin, A., Berman, N. J., & Maler, L. (2001) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/089976601300014691 · Cited by 110
The Properties and Implications of NMDA Spikes in Neocortical Pyramidal Cells
Rhodes, P. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3791-05.2006 · Cited by 105
Rapid Vesicular Release, Quantal Variability, and Spillover Contribute to the Precision and Reliability of Transmission at a Glomerular Synapse
Sargent, P. B., Saviane, C., Nielsen, T. A., DiGregorio, D. A., & Silver, R. A. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2051-05.2005 · Cited by 95
Self-citation
The efficiency of two-photon photolysis of a "caged" fluorophore, o -1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethylpyranine, in relation to photodamage of synaptic terminals
Kiskin, N. I. (2002) · European Biophysics Journal · doi:10.1007/s00249-001-0187-x · Cited by 93
Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Stimulus-Dependent Gain Modulation in Primary Visual Cortex Neurons In Vivo
Cardin, J. A., Palmer, L. A., & Contreras, D. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.05.002 · Cited by 90
Activity-Dependent Control of Neuronal Output by Local and Global Dendritic Spike Attenuation
Remy, S., Csicsvari, J., & Beck, H. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.01.032 · Cited by 88
Subcellular Topography of Visually Driven Dendritic Activity in the Vertebrate Visual System
Bollmann, J. H., & Engert, F. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.01.018 · Cited by 79
Voltage-Dependent Properties of Dendrites That Eliminate Location-Dependent Variability of Synaptic Input
Cook, E. P., & Johnston, D. (1999) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.2.535 · Cited by 72
Gain Modulation of Neuronal Responses by Subtractive and Divisive Mechanisms of Inhibition
Ayaz, A., & Chance, F. S. (2008) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.90547.2008 · Cited by 70
Cell Type- and Subcellular Position-Dependent Summation of Unitary Postsynaptic Potentials in Neocortical Neurons
Tamás, G., Szabadics, J., & Somogyi, P. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-03-00740.2002 · Cited by 65
Chapter 21 GABA-mediated inhibition in the neural networks of visual cortex
Herman, N. J., Douglas, R. J., & Martin, K. A. C. (1992) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63626-2 · Cited by 58
GABAergic Inhibition Controls Neural Gain in Inferior Colliculus Neurons Sensitive to Interaural Time Differences
Ingham, N. J., & McAlpine, D. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0146-05.2005 · Cited by 56
Boosting of neuronal firing evoked with asynchronous and synchronous inputs to the dendrite
Oviedo, H. V., & Reyes, A. D. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn807 · Cited by 56
A Biologically Realistic Model of Contrast Invariant Orientation Tuning by Thalamocortical Synaptic Depression
Banitt, Y., Martin, K. A. C., & Segev, I. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1640-07.2007 · Cited by 52
Dynamic Spatiotemporal Synaptic Integration in Cortical Neurons: Neuronal Gain, Revisited
Azouz, R. (2005) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00542.2005 · Cited by 48
Differential arithmetic of shunting inhibition for voltage and spike rate in neocortical pyramidal cells
Ulrich, D. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02942.x · Cited by 48
Localization of tetrodotoxin-sensitive field potentials of CA1 pyramidal cells in the rat hippocampus
Turner, R. W., Meyers, D. E. R., & Barker, J. L. (1989) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1989.62.6.1375 · Cited by 47
A Mechanism for Neuronal Gain Control by Descending Pathways
Nelson, M. E. (1994) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1994.6.2.242 · Cited by 46
Synaptically Evoked Dendritic Action Potentials in Rat Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons
Schwindt, P. C., & Crill, W. E. (1998) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.5.2432 · Cited by 44
Spatial integration of local transmitter responses in motoneurones of the turtle spinal cord in vitro.
Skydsgaard, M., & Hounsgaard, J. (1994) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020291 · Cited by 40
Variation of Input-Output Properties along the Somatodendritic Axis of Pyramidal Neurons
Oviedo, H. V., & Reyes, A. D. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0562-05.2005 · Cited by 35
From synchrony to sparseness
Theunissen, F. E. (2003) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(02)00016-4 · Cited by 32
Noise-induced divisive gain control in neuron models
Longtin, A., Doiron, B., & Bulsara, A. R. (2002) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/s0303-2647(02)00073-4 · Cited by 32
Melting the Iceberg: Contrast Invariance in Visual Cortex
Carandini, M. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.03.019 · Cited by 31
DIRECT CONTROL OF FIRING RATE GAIN BY DENDRITIC SHUNTING INHIBITION
Capaday, C., & van Vreeswijk, C. (2006) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.1142/s021963520600115x · Cited by 26
Pathway‐specific use‐dependent dynamics of excitatory synaptic transmission in rat intracortical circuits
Williams, S. R., & Atkinson, S. E. (2007) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2007.138453 · Cited by 22
A re-examination of the possibility of controlling the firing rate gain of neurons by balancing excitatory and inhibitory conductances
Capaday, C. (2001) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-001-0970-z · Cited by 18
Unitary IPSPs enhance hilar mossy cell gain in the rat hippocampus
Kerr, A. M., & Capogna, M. (2006) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.121608 · Cited by 15

Research works printed but not linked: 5

Rall, W. in Neuronal Theory and Modeling (ed. Reiss, R. F.) 73–97 (Stanford Univ. Press, 1964).
Rice, S. O. in Selected Papers on Noise and Stochastic Processes (ed. Wax, N.) 113–150 (Dover, New York, 1954).
Feng, T. P. The changes in the end-plate potential during and after prolonged stimulation. Chin. J. Physiol. 16, 341–372 (1941).
Mel, B. in Dendrites (eds Stuart, G. J., Spruston, N. & Hausser, M.) 271–284 (Oxford Univ. Press, 2008).
Stuart, G., Spruston, N. & Häusser, M. (eds). Dendrites (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2008).

Sorted by citations

GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex: From Cellular Properties to Circuits
Tremblay, R., Lee, S., & Rudy, B. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.033 · Cited by 2,033
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
Carandini, M., & Heeger, D. J. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3136 · Cited by 1,906
Interneuron cell types are fit to function
Kepecs, A., & Fishell, G. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12983 · Cited by 1,110
The log-dynamic brain: how skewed distributions affect network operations
Buzsáki, G., & Mizuseki, K. (2014) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3687 · Cited by 1,006
Uncertainty and stress: Why it causes diseases and how it is mastered by the brain
Peters, A., McEwen, B. S., & Friston, K. (2017) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.004 · Cited by 652

See all 481

Authors: Silver, R. A.
Affiliations: University College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Silver, R. Angus
ORCID: Silver, R. Angus
Venue: Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2010-06-09
Volume: 11
Issue: 7
Pages: 474-489
ISSN: 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
1471-0048
DOI: 10.1038/nrn2864
PMC: PMC4750293
OpenAlex: W4233766477
Cited by: 481
References: 177
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 1.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust (064413)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/F005490/1)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
Keywords: neural computation, synaptic plasticity, synaptic noise, neuronal morphology, neural coding, dendritic integration
MeSH terms: Animals, Dendrites, Humans, Mathematics, Nerve Net, Synaptic Transmission, Neurons, Synapses

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Neuronal arithmetic

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks