Cited by 1,197Toxic Organic Pollutants ImpactNuclear Receptors and SignalingGenomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: an environmental sensor integrating immune responses in health and disease

Rothhammer, Veit, Quintana, Francisco J.·2019·Nature Reviews Immunology

Abstract

The environment, diet, microbiota and body's metabolism shape complex biological processes in health and disease. However, our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in these processes is still limited. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that integrates environmental, dietary, microbial and metabolic cues to control complex transcriptional programmes in a ligand-specific, cell-type-specific and context-specific manner. In this Review, we summarize our current knowledge of AHR and the transcriptional programmes it controls in the immune system. Finally, we discuss the role of AHR in autoimmune and neoplastic diseases of the central nervous system, with a special focus on the gut immune system, the gut-brain axis and the therapeutic potential of targeting AHR in neurological disorders.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41577-019-0125-8

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206 of 206 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • AhR, a ligand-dependent transcription factor, can be activated by diverse ligands including indole-based compounds.

    “AhR, a ligand-dependent transcription factor, can be activated by diverse ligands including indole-based compounds (22, 23).”
  • The gastrointestinal microbiome is thought to be a key player in inflammaging because it is essential for proper maintenance of the intestinal barrier through mechanisms such as production of short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites.

    “The GI microbiome is thought to be a key player in this process as it is essential for the proper maintenance of the intestinal barrier through various mechanisms, e.g., production of SCFA (Bron et al., 2017) as well as tryptophan metabolites (Rothhammer and Quintana, 2019).”

    From Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics (2021) · cites this paper as Rothhammer and Quintana, 2019

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Authors
Rothhammer, V., & Quintana, F. J.
Affiliations
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Quintana, Francisco J.
Venue
Nature Reviews Immunology
Published
2019-02-04
Volume
19
Issue
3
Pages
184-197
ISSN
  • 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
  • 1474-1741
OpenAlex
W2911968308
Cited by
1,197
References
207
Citations by year
2026: 148 · 2025: 189 · 2024: 179 · 2023: 192 · 2022: 173 · 2021: 160 · 2020: 117 · 2019: 37
FWCI
11.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
Keywords
aryl hydrocarbon receptor, environmental sensing, immune regulation, gut immune system, gut-brain axis, autoimmune disease, central nervous system tumors, transcriptional programs, microbiota, neurological disorders
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Brain, Diet, Environment, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Intestines, Signal Transduction, Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon, Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System, Adaptive Immunity, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Microbiota

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