The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mass-Independent Fractionation of Sulfur Isotopes in Archean Sediments: Strong Evidence for an Anoxic Archean Atmosphere
Abstract
Mass-independent fractionation (MIF) of sulfur isotopes has been reported in sediments of Archean and Early Proterozoic Age (> 2.3 Ga) but not in younger rocks. The only fractionation mechanism that is consistent with the data on all four sulfur isotopes involves atmospheric photochemical reactions such as SO2 photolysis. We have used a one-dimensional photochemical model to investigate how the isotopic fractionation produced during SO2 photolysis would have been transferred to other gaseous and particulate sulfur-bearing species in both low-O2 and high-O2 atmospheres. We show that in atmospheres with O2 concentrations < 10(-5) times the present atmospheric level (PAL), sulfur would have been removed from the atmosphere in a variety of different oxidation states, each of which would have had its own distinct isotopic signature. By contrast, in atmospheres with O2 concentrations > or = 10(-5) PAL, all sulfur-bearing species would have passed through the oceanic sulfate reservoir before being incorporated into sediments, so any signature of MIF would have been lost. We conclude that the atmospheric O2 concentration must have been < 10(-5) PAL prior to 2.3 Ga.
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In the citing paper
“In anoxic air, sulfur ends up in insoluble S8 aerosols and water-soluble sulfate and SO2, unlike today’s atmospheric sulfur, which almost entirely oxidizes to sulfate (44, 45).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“However, the production and preservation of non-mass-dependent sulfur isotope anomalies (NMD-S) in Archean and earliest Paleoproterozoic sedimentary rocks indicate that atmospheric pO 2 was maintained at extremely low values, likely below ∼10 -7 PAL, for most of Archean time (Farquhar et al. 2000, Pavlov & Kasting 2002, Zahnle et al. 2006) (Figure 3a).”
From The History of Ocean Oxygenation (2022) · cites this paper as Pavlov & Kasting 2002
In the citing paper
“Photochemical models indicate that pO 2 must be above ∼10 -5 PAL to prevent the production and delivery of NMD-S anomalies near Earth's surface (Pavlov & Kasting 2002, Zahnle et al. 2006).”
From The History of Ocean Oxygenation (2022) · cites this paper as Pavlov & Kasting 2002
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, results of one-dimensional (1D) photochemical modeling suggested that atmospheric pO2 must have been less than 10−5 times the present atmospheric level (PAL) for the production and preservation of S-MIF signals (31).”
From Rapid oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere 2.33 billion years ago (2016) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“By accepting the original value of ~10−5 PAL as the nominal threshold above which S-MIF is no longer preserved, we apply it here as a robust tool for tracing the first rise in pO2 to >10−5 PAL because of its potential for high stratigraphic resolution (1, 31, 33).”
From Rapid oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere 2.33 billion years ago (2016) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“The GOE represents a transition from an atmosphere that was essentially devoid of free oxygen (O2 << 10 -5 PAL) to one with O2 concentrations >10 -5 PAL”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Pavlov and Kasting, 2002
In the citing paper
“The GOE represents the permanent rise of oxygen to above 10 -5 of present atmospheric levels [PAL], an upper limit for the production of large isotopic signatures by sulfur massindependent fractionation (S-MIF) (Pavlov and Kasting, 2002)”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Pavlov and Kasting, 2002
In the citing paper
“The disappearance of S-MIF is perhaps the most accepted evidence for the onset of widespread and permanent oxygenation of the Earth's surface to levels above 10 -5 times present atmospheric levels (PAL) (see Pavlov and Kasting, 2002;Bekker et al., 2004;Farquhar et al., 2000;2011).”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Pavlov and Kasting, 2002
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Metadata
- Authors
- Pavlov, A. A., & Kasting, J. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Venue
- Astrobiology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-41
- ISSN
- 1531-1074 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8070
- OpenAlex
- W2054861741
- Cited by
- 912
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 21.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Astrobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
- Keywords
- Archean atmosphere, atmospheric oxygen, photochemical modeling, sulfur cycling, Early Proterozoic
- MeSH terms
- Archaea, Atmosphere, Molecular Weight, Sulfur Isotopes
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