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Polyphenols and disease risk in epidemiologic studies
Open accessAbstract
Plant polyphenols, a large group of natural antioxidants, are serious candidates in explanations of the protective effects of vegetables and fruits against cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiologic studies are useful for evaluation of the human health effects of long-term exposure to physiologic concentrations of polyphenols, but reliable data on polyphenol contents of foods are still scarce. The aim of this review is to summarize available epidemiologic data on the health effects of polyphenols, focusing on the flavonoid subclasses of flavonols, flavones, and catechins and on lignans. Data obtained to date suggest beneficial effects of both flavonoids and lignans on cardiovascular diseases but not on cancer, with the possible exception of lung cancer. There is a need for more research on stroke and lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most studies to date have included only flavonols and flavones. With data becoming available for other polyphenols, these compounds should be included in future studies. Careful design of prospective studies is important to offset some of the major drawbacks of epidemiologic studies, including residual confounding (by smoking and other dietary factors) and exposure assessment.
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“In humans, it was shown that there is a correlation between dietary phenolic compound intake and a reduced incidence of chronic diseases such as cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases (Arts and Hollman, 2005)”
From Cannabis sativa: The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules (2016) · cites this paper as Arts and Hollman, 2005
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“epidemiological investigations revealed an inverse correlation between the intake of flavanol-containing foods and coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality (1).”
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“Furthermore, they are good hydrophilic antioxidants and are increasingly recognized as health-protecting components in the human diet (Arts and Hollman, 2005; Hooper and Cassidy, 2006; Lotito and Frei, 2006; Fraga, 2007; Tapas et al., 2008).”
BackgroundA survey of modulation of gut microbiota by dietary polyphenols
Dueñas, M., Muñoz-González, I., Cueva, C., Jiménez-Girón, A., Sánchez-Patán, F., Santos-Buelga, C., Moreno-Arribas, M. V., & Bartolomé, B. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/850902 · Cited by 396
Astrocyte Heterogeneity: Impact to Brain Aging and Disease
Matias, I., Morgado, J., & Gomes, F. C. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00059 · Cited by 387
The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Lappas, M., Hiden, U., Desoye, G., Froehlich, J., Mouzon, S. H.-D., & Jawerbaum, A. (2011) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2010.3765 · Cited by 442
“There is some evidence to suggest that dietary phyto-chemicals, including flavonoids, may be of potential benefit in the management of GDM. Epidemiological studies have suggested beneficial health effects of the chronic consumption of flavonoid-rich foods (8, 247).”
Aaby, K., Ekeberg, D., & Skrede, G. (2007) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf0702592 · Cited by 378
Angeli, V., Miguel Silva, P., Crispim Massuela, D., Khan, M. W., Hamar, A., Khajehei, F., Graeff-Hönninger, S., & Piatti, C. (2020) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods9020216 · Cited by 375
“It has been suggested that such compounds can aid the risk reduction of cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes [29,30].”
BackgroundChakraborty, S. B., & Hancz, C. (2011) · Reviews in Aquaculture · doi:10.1111/j.1753-5131.2011.01048.x · Cited by 370
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“type II diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases [2].”
BackgroundErdman, J. W., Balentine, D. A., Arab, L., Beecher, G. R., Dwyer, J. T., Folts, J. D., Harnly, J. M., Hollman, P. C. H., Keen, C. L., Mazza, G., et al. (2007) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/137.3.718s · Cited by 363
“This is impossible when correlations between flavonoids and other components are high (114).”
BackgroundKell, D. B. (2010) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-010-0577-x · Cited by 361
“Many are polyphenols (ChEBI 26195) (Amic et al. 2007; Arts and Hollman 2005; Auclair et al. 2009; Cemeli et al. 2009; Cheynier 2005; Geronikaki and Gavalas 2006; Halliwell 2007; Jovanovic and Simic 2000; Kandaswami and Middleton 1994; Kiokias et al. 2008; Korkina and Afanas’ev 1997; Linseisen and…”
BackgroundApplication of phytochemicals as growth‐promoters and endocrine modulators in fish culture
Chakraborty, S. B., Horn, P. A., & Hancz, C. (2013) · Reviews in Aquaculture · doi:10.1111/raq.12021 · Cited by 359
Health-promoting effects of the citrus flavanone hesperidin
Li, C., & Schluesener, H. J. (2015) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2014.906382 · Cited by 359
“Epidemiological studies reported an inverse relationship between their intake and the risk of neurological disorders, cardiovascular events, and some chronic diseases (Knekt et al., 2002; Arts and Hollman, 2005; Devore et al., 2012; Gao et al., 2012).”
BackgroundQuantitative analysis of antiradical phenolic constituents from fourteen edible Myrtaceae fruits
Reynertson, K. A., Yang, H., Jiang, B., Basile, M. J., & Kennelly, E. J. (2008) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.021 · Cited by 355
Extraction and Analysis of Polyphenols: Recent trends
Ajila, C. M., Brar, S., Verma, M., Tyagi, R., Godbout, S., & Valéro, J. (2011) · Critical Reviews in Biotechnology · doi:10.3109/07388551.2010.513677 · Cited by 312
“Hence, plant lignans are considered to be one of the several classes of phytoestrogen and are also effective as antioxidants and aid in reducing the risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases (Vanharanta et al., 1999; Arts and Hollman, 2005).”
BackgroundIn Vitro Models for Studying Secondary Plant Metabolite Digestion and Bioaccessibility
Alminger, M., Aura, A., Bohn, T., Dufour, C., El, S. N., Gomes, A., Karakaya, S., Martínez‐Cuesta, M. C., McDougall, G. J., Requena, T., et al. (2014) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12081 · Cited by 369
Chemo‐preventive and therapeutic effect of the dietary flavonoid kaempferol: A comprehensive review
Imran, M., Rauf, A., Shah, Z. A., Saeed, F., Imran, A., Arshad, M. U., Ahmad, B., Bawazeer, S., Atif, M., Peters, D. G., et al. (2018) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.6227 · Cited by 341
Risks and safety of polyphenol consumption
Mennen, L. I., Walker, R., Bennetau-Pelissero, C., & Scalbert, A. (2005) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.1.326s · Cited by 340
“It should be noted that these particular effects are unlikely to occur with regular Western diets, which are characterized by a much lower tannin intake (52).”
BackgroundPlant Metabolites and Nutritional Quality of Vegetables
Hounsome, N., Hounsome, B., Tomos, A. D., & Edwards‐Jones, G. (2008) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00716.x · Cited by 332
Phenol‐Based Antioxidants and the In Vitro Methods Used for Their Assessment
Craft, B. D., Kerrihard, A. L., Amarowicz, R., & Pegg, R. B. (2012) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00173.x · Cited by 329
The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Alzheimer’s Disease: Neuroinflammation Is to Blame?
Megur, A., Baltriukienė, D., Bukelskienė, V., & Burokas, A. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13010037 · Cited by 323
Mechanisms of action of green tea catechins, with a focus on ischemia-induced neurodegeneration
Sutherland, B. A., Rahman, R. M. A., & Appleton, I. (2005) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.10.005 · Cited by 325
“This is significant because many fruits and vegetables also have catechin and flavonol components (see Table 1) [62].”
BackgroundProperties of Bread Dough with Added Fiber Polysaccharides and Phenolic Antioxidants: A Review
Sivam, A. S., Sun‐Waterhouse, D., Quek, S. Y., & Perera, C. O. (2010) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01815.x · Cited by 323
“…ise Re vie ws in Fo od Sc ien ceFiber, phenolics, and bread . . . peroxide (H2O2), and lipid peroxide radicals have been associated with chronic degenerative diseases such as cancer, inflammatory, aging, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disease (Shahidi and Naczk 1995; Arts and Hollman 2005).”
BackgroundImmune homeostasis, dysbiosis and therapeutic modulation of the gut microbiota
Peterson, C. T., Sharma, V., Elmén, L., & Peterson, S. N. (2014) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.12474 · Cited by 325
Wang, T., He, F., & Chen, G. (2014) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2014.01.033 · Cited by 316
Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of edible flowers from Thailand
Kaisoon, O., Siriamornpun, S., Weerapreeyakul, N., & Meeso, N. (2011) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2011.03.002 · Cited by 314
Daily Polyphenol Intake in France from Fruit and Vegetables
Brat, P., Georgé, S., Bellamy, A., Chaffaut, L. D., Scalbert, A., Mennen, L. I., Arnault, N., & Amiot, M. J. (2006) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.9.2368 · Cited by 317
“Epidemiological studies indicate that fruit and vegetables have protective effects against degenerative diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease (2,3).”
BackgroundOxidative stress and free radicals in COPD – implications and relevance for treatment
Domej, W., Oettl, K., & Renner, W. (2014) · International Journal of COPD · doi:10.2147/copd.s51226 · Cited by 326
“hydroxyl groups, and if taken regularly may reduce risk of COPD.(100) With increased natural dietary intake of polyphe-”
BackgroundModulation of endogenous antioxidant system by wine polyphenols in human disease
Rodrigo, R., Miranda, A. L., & Vergara, L. (2010) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2010.11.034 · Cited by 318
“This is mainly due to the discovery of their marked antioxidant effects and their role in the prevention of several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers or type 2 diabetes [7,8].”
BackgroundNutritional modulation of cognitive function and mental health
Parletta, N., Milte, C. M., & Meyer, B. J. (2013) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.01.002 · Cited by 312
“resveratrol in red grape skin) [78, 79]; phenolic acids [79, 80]; lignans (in linseed) [79]; beta carotene and other carotenoids including lycopene and lutein [55, 81].”
Hossain, M. B., Brunton, N. P., Patras, A., Tiwari, B. K., O’Donnell, C. P., Martín‐Diana, A. B., & Barry‐Ryan, C. (2011) · Ultrasonics Sonochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.11.001 · Cited by 295
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Determination of Flavonoids and Phenolics and Their Distribution in Almonds
Milbury, P. E., Chen, C. O., Dolnikowski, G. G., & Blumberg, J. B. (2006) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf0603937 · Cited by 287
Central nervous system depressant action of flavonoid glycosides
Fernández, S. P., Wasowski, C., Loscalzo, L. M., Granger, R. E., Johnston, G. A. R., Paladini, A. C., & Marder, M. (2006) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.04.004 · Cited by 286
Metadata
- Authors
- Arts, I. C., & Hollman, P. C.
- Affiliations
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Arts, Ilja CW
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 317S-325S
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2129133439
- Cited by
- 1,916
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 106 · 2018: 107 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 130 · 2015: 119 · 2014: 138 · 2013: 132 · 2012: 114
- FWCI
- 6.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- ZonMw
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- plant polyphenols, flavonoids, flavonols, flavones, catechins, lignans, cardiovascular disease, cancer risk, lung cancer, stroke, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dietary exposure assessment, residual confounding, prospective study design
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Antioxidants, Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Trials as Topic, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Flavonoids, Humans, Male, Neoplasms, Phenols, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Polyphenols
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