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A Developmental fMRI Study of Reading and Repetition Reveals Changes in Phonological and Visual Mechanisms Over Age
Open accessAbstract
In this study of reading development, children (ages 7-10) and adults (ages 18-32) performed overt single-word reading and aural repetition tasks on high-frequency word stimuli during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Most regions showed similar activity across age groups. These widespread regions of similarity indicate that children and adults use largely overlapping mechanisms when processing high-frequency words. Significant task-related differences included greater activity in occipital cortex for the read task, and greater activity in temporal cortex for the repeat task; activity levels in these regions were similar for adults and children. However, age group differences were found in several posterior regions, including a set of regions implicated in adult reading: the left supramarginal gyrus, the left angular gyrus, and bilateral anterior extrastriate cortex. The angular and supramarginal gyrus regions, hypothesized to play a role in phonology, showed decreased activity in adults relative to children for high-frequency words. The extrastriate regions had significant activity for both the visual read task and auditory repeat task in children, but just for the read task in adults, showing significant task and age interactions. These results are consistent with decreasing reliance on phonological processing, and increasing tuning of visual mechanisms, with age.
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“Differences between orthographic systems are unlikely to be the reason for this variability in fMRI results, because there are both negative and positive results in both German (compare Brem et al., 2006 with Kronbichler et al., 2006) and English (compare Church et al., 2008 with Turkeltaub et al., 2003).”
From The Development of Cortical Sensitivity to Visual Word Forms (2011) · cites this paper as Church et al., 2008
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Metadata
- Authors
- Church, J. A., Coalson, R. S., Lugar, H. M., Petersen, S. E., & Schlaggar, B. L.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-01-31
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2054-2065
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- PMC
- PMC2517103
- OpenAlex
- W2167679793
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 24.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS046424, K02NS053425, NS46424, NS 41255, NS-32979, R01NS032979, R21NS041255, NS053425)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K12HD001487, HD01487)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- reading development, phonological processing, visual word recognition, high-frequency words, age differences, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, extrastriate cortex, occipital cortex, temporal cortex, children and adults
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Parietal Lobe, Photic Stimulation, Reading, Speech, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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