The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Abstract
The development and use of a new scale, the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), is described. This is a simple, self-administered questionnaire which is shown to provide a measurement of the subject's general level of daytime sleepiness. One hundred and eighty adults answered the ESS, including 30 normal men and women as controls and 150 patients with a range of sleep disorders. They rated the chances that they would doze off or fall asleep when in eight different situations commonly encountered in daily life. Total ESS scores significantly distinguished normal subjects from patients in various diagnostic groups including obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. ESS scores were significantly correlated with sleep latency measured during the multiple sleep latency test and during overnight polysomnography. In patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ESS scores were significantly correlated with the respiratory disturbance index and the minimum SaO2 recorded overnight. ESS scores of patients who simply snored did not differ from controls.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Daytime sleepiness was assessed using a modified version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale [26]: Students rated how likely they would fall asleep in three situations (in school, while watching television, and when riding as a car passenger) on a 4-point Likert scale, resulting in a total score, with higher scores reflecting higher daytime sleepiness.”
From The Power of Flexible School Start Times: (2026) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale [42], to measure daytime sleepiness.”
From Efficacy study comparing a CBT-I developed for shift workers (CBT-I-S) to standard CBT-I (cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia) on sleep onset latency, total sleep time, subjective sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness: study protocol for a parallel group randomised controlled trial with online therapy groups of seven sessions each (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Cronbach’s α is acceptable to good with values between 0.73 and 0.88.”
From Efficacy study comparing a CBT-I developed for shift workers (CBT-I-S) to standard CBT-I (cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia) on sleep onset latency, total sleep time, subjective sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness: study protocol for a parallel group randomised controlled trial with online therapy groups of seven sessions each (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
Citations
Cites
The International Classification of Sleep Disorders
Daroff, R. B. (1991) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.41.1.160 · Cited by 5,023
Quantification of Sleepiness: A New Approach
Hoddes, E., Zarcone, V., Smythe, H., Phillips, R., & Dement, W. C. (1973) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00801.x · Cited by 2,538
Statistical methods for health care research
Munro, B. H. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,288
American Sleep Disorders Association
Peter, H., Penzel, T., Peter, J. H., & Peter, J. G. (2025) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65186-5_300098 · Cited by 341
The Multiple Sleep Latency Test: What Does It Measure?
Carskadon, M. A., & Dement, W. C. (1982) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/5.s2.s67 · Cited by 322
Daytime Alertness in Patients with Chronic Insomnia Compared with Asymptomatic Control Subjects
Stepanski, E. J., Zorick, F. J., Roehrs, T., Young, D. K., & Roth, T. G. (1988) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/11.1.54 · Cited by 306
Determinants of Daytime Sleepiness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Guilleminault, C., Partinen, M., Quera-Salva, M.-A., Hayes, B., Dement, W. C., & Nino‐Murcia, G. (1988) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.94.1.32 · Cited by 274
Roehrs, T., Zorick, F. J., Wittig, R. M., Conway, W. A., & Roth, T. G. (1989) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.95.6.1202 · Cited by 201
Factor analysis of analogue scales measuring subjective feelings before and after sleep
Herbert, M., Johns, M. W., & Doré, C. J. (1976) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1976.tb02388.x · Cited by 154
Self-citationTest-Retest Reliability of the MSLT
Zwyghuizen‐Doorenbos, A., Roehrs, T., Schaefer, M. C., & Roth, T. G. (1988) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/11.6.562 · Cited by 108
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,100 of 1,436
Sugiura, T., Noda, A., Nakata, S., Yasuda, Y., Soga, T., Miyata, S., Nakai, S., & Koike, Y. (2007) · Respiration · doi:10.1159/000089836 · Cited by 135
A double-blind randomized controlled trial of oxytocin nasal spray in Prader Willi syndrome
Einfeld, S. L., Smith, E., McGregor, I. S., Steinbeck, K., Taffe, J., Rice, L. J., Horstead, S. K., Rogers, N., Hodge, M. A., & Guastella, A. J. (2014) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.36653 · Cited by 131
Britton, W. B., Bootzin, R. R., Cousins, J. C., Hasler, B. P., Peck, T., & Shapiro, S. L. (2010) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897071003641297 · Cited by 133
Tkacova, R., McNicholas, W. T., Javorsky, M., Fietze, I., Sliwinski, P., Parati, G., Grote, L., & Hedner, J. (2014) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00225113 · Cited by 156
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Patients with Parkinsonʼs Disease
Knie, B., Mitra, M. T., Logishetty, K., & Chaudhuri, K. R. (2011) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/11539720-000000000-00000 · Cited by 132
Massie, C. A., & Hart, R. W. (2003) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.123.4.1112 · Cited by 131
Liu, L., Su, G., Wang, S., & Zhu, B. (2019) · Sleep and Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-018-1714-7 · Cited by 124
Neighborhood of Residence is Associated with Daily Adherence to CPAP Therapy
Platt, A. B., Field, S. H., Asch, D. A., Chen, Z., Patel, N. P., Gupta, R., Roche, D. F., Gurubhagavatula, I., Christie, J. D., & Kuna, S. T. (2009) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/32.6.799 · Cited by 128
Johnson, D. A., Guo, N., Rueschman, M., Wang, R., Wilson, J. G., & Redline, S. (2018) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy154 · Cited by 126
Ripp, J., Babyatsky, M., Fallar, R., Bazari, H., Bellini, L., Kapadia, C., Katz, J. T., Pecker, M., & Korenstein, D. (2011) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31822c1236 · Cited by 128
Li, H.-Y., Lin, Y., Chen, N.-H., Lee, L.-A., Fang, T.-J., & Wang, P.-C. (2008) · Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/archotol.134.4.429 · Cited by 127
Kasai, T., Bradley, T. D., Friedman, O., & Logan, A. G. (2014) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000047 · Cited by 127
Al Khatib, H. K., Hall, W. L., Creedon, A., Ooi, E., Masri, T., McGowan, L., Harding, S. V., Darzi, J., & Pot, G. K. (2018) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqx030 · Cited by 126
“Those at a high risk of low mood or any sleep-related disorders according to the Center of Epidemiologic Studies–Depression scale (CES-D) (29), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) (30), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) (31), or the Berlin Questionnaire for sleep apnea (32) were excluded from the study.”
Comparison of two dental devices for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)
Hans, M. G., Nelson, S., Luks, V. G., Lorkovich d, P., & Baek, S.-J. (1997) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(97)70293-2 · Cited by 123
Frauscher, B., Ehrmann, L., Mitterling, T., Gabelia, D., Gschliesser, V., Brandauer, E., Poewe, W., & Högl, B. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.2926 · Cited by 125
Eggert, T., Dorn, H., Sauter, C., Nitsche, M. A., Bajbouj, M., & Danker-Hopfe, H. (2013) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2013.05.006 · Cited by 125
Di Murro, A., Petramala, L., Cotesta, D., Zinnamosca, L., Crescenzi, E., Marinelli, C., Saponara, M., & Letizia, C. (2010) · Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System · doi:10.1177/1470320310366581 · Cited by 125
Sleep problems in breast cancer survivors 1–10 years posttreatment
Lowery-Allison, A. E., Passik, S. D., Cribbet, M. R., Reinsel, R. A., O'Sullivan, B., Norton, L., Kirsh, K. L., & Kavey, N. B. (2018) · Palliative and Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951517000311 · Cited by 125
Effects of Sleep after Experimental Trauma on Intrusive Emotional Memories.
Kleim, B., Wysokowsky, J., Schmid, N., Seifritz, E., & Rasch, B. (2016) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.6310 · Cited by 119
Cognitive behavioral treatment of insomnia
Williams, J., Roth, A., Vatthauer, K., & McCrae, C. S. (2013) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.12-0731 · Cited by 123
Sleep and wakefulness in somnambulism
Guilleminault, C., Poyares, D., Abat, F., & Palombini, L. (2001) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00187-8 · Cited by 125
Ferrarelli, F., Smith, R., Dentico, D., Riedner, B. A., Zennig, C., Benca, R. M., Lutz, A., Davidson, R. J., & Tononi, G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073417 · Cited by 122
Sleep fragmentation in children with atopic dermatitis
Reuveni, H., Chapnick, G., Tal, A., & Tarasiuk, A. (1999) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.153.3.249 · Cited by 121
Functional Impairment in Adult Sleepwalkers: A Case-Control Study
Lopez, R., Jaussent, I., Scholz, S., Bayard, S., Montplaisir, J., & Dauvilliers, Y. (2013) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.2446 · Cited by 123
Predictors of objective sleep tendency in the general population
Punjabi, N. M., Bandeen-Roche, K., & Young, T. (2003) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.6.678 · Cited by 120
Dodet, P., Chavez, M., Leu-Semenescu, S., Golmard, J.-L., & Arnulf, I. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.4516 · Cited by 118
The relationship between shift-work, sleep, and mental health among paramedics in Australia
Khan, W. A. A., Conduit, R., Kennedy, G. A., & Jackson, M. L. (2020) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2019.12.002 · Cited by 136
Sleep Disturbance in Family Caregivers of Individuals With Dementia: A Review of the Literature
Peng, H.-L., & Chang, Y.-P. (2013) · Perspectives in Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12005 · Cited by 120
Jones, B. J., Kaur, S., Miller, M., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.572980 · Cited by 120
Pendlebury, S. T., Pépin, J. L., Veale, D., & Lévy, P. (1997) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.52.10.872 · Cited by 118
Raison, C. L., Rye, D. B., Woolwine, B. J., Vogt, G. J., Bautista, B. M., Spivey, J. R., & Miller, A. H. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.019 · Cited by 116
Nakayama-Ashida, Y., Takegami, M., Chin, K., Sumi, K., Nakamura, T., Takahashi, K.-I., Wakamura, T., Horita, S., Oka, Y., Minami, I., et al. (2008) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.3.419 · Cited by 119
Taylor, D. J., Zimmerman, M. R., Gardner, C. E., Williams, J. M., Grieser, E. A., Tatum, J. I., Bramoweth, A. D., Francetich, J. M., & Ruggero, C. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2013.12.010 · Cited by 119
Stepnowsky, C. J., Palau, J. J., Marler, M. R., & Gifford, A. L. (2007) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.9.2.e14 · Cited by 115
Non-motor features in essential tremor: Non-motor features in ET
Chandran, V., Pal, P. K., Reddy, J. Y. C., Thennarasu, K., Yadav, R., & Shivashankar, N. (2012) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01573.x · Cited by 117
Jilwan, F. N., Escourrou, P., Garcia, G., Jaïs, X., Humbert, M., & Roisman, G. (2013) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.11-3124 · Cited by 115
Gauthier, L., Laberge, L., Beaudry, M., Laforte, M., Rompré, P. H., & Lavigne, G. J. (2009) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2008.03.011 · Cited by 115
Bonmati-Carrion, M. A., Middleton, B., Revell, V., Skene, D. J., Rol, M. A., & Madrid, J. A. (2014) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.820740 · Cited by 116
Bhat, S., Pinto-Zipp, G., Upadhyay, H., & Polos, P. G. (2018) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2017.12.004 · Cited by 114
Daytime napping: Effects on human direct associative and relational memory
Lau, H., Tucker, M. A., & Fishbein, W. (2010) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2010.02.003 · Cited by 115
Motivational Enhancement for Increasing Adherence to CPAP
Bakker, J. P., Wang, R., Weng, J., Aloia, M. S., Toth, C., Morrical, M. G., Gleason, K. J., Rueschman, M., Dorsey, C., Patel, S. R., et al. (2016) · CHEST · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2016.03.019 · Cited by 113
Help-Seeking for Insomnia among Adult Patients in Primary Care
Aikens, J. E., & Rouse, M. E. (2005) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.18.4.257 · Cited by 114
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Morbid Obesity
Busetto, L., Enzi, G., Inelmen, E. M., Costa, G., Negrin, V., Sergi, G., & Vianello, A. (2005) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.128.2.618 · Cited by 115
Is Self-Reported Morbidity Related to the Circadian Clock?
Taillard, J., Philip, P., Chastang, J.-F., Diefenbach, K., & Bioulac, B. (2001) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873001129001764 · Cited by 111
Hughes, K., Glass, C., Ripchinski, M., Gurevich, F., Weaver, T. E., Lehman, E., Fisher, L. H., & Craig, T. J. (2003) · Allergy · doi:10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00093.x · Cited by 113
Association between chronotype, food intake and physical activity in medical residents
Mota, M. C., Waterhouse, J., De-Souza, D. A., Rossato, L. T., Silva, C. M., Araújo, M. B. J., Tufik, S., de Mello, M. T., & Crispim, C. A. (2016) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2016.1167711 · Cited by 113
Silva, E. J., Wang, W., Ronda, J. M., Wyatt, J. K., & Duffy, J. F. (2010) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/33.4.481 · Cited by 114
Gambineri, A., Pelusi, C., & Pasquali, R. (2003) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03345209 · Cited by 113
Hudgel, D. W., & Fung, C. (2000) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/23.5.1g · Cited by 112
Predictors of sleep-disordered breathing in pregnancy
Louis, J. M., Koch, M. A., Reddy, U. M., Silver, R. M., Parker, C. B., Facco, F. L., Redline, S., Nhan-Chang, C.-L., Chung, J. H., Pien, G. W., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2018.01.031 · Cited by 106
Home sleep studies in the assessment of sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome
Golpe, R., Jime´nez, A., & Carpizo, R. (2002) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.122.4.1156 · Cited by 109
Antonopoulos, C. N., Sergentanis, T. N., Daskalopoulou, S. S., & Petridou, E. T. (2011) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2010.10.002 · Cited by 108
Morgenthaler, T. I., Kuzniar, T. J., Wolfe, L. F., Willes, L., McLain, W. C., & Goldberg, R. (2014) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.3662 · Cited by 107
Sleepiness, Quality of Life, and Sleep Maintenance in REM versus non-REM Sleep-disordered Breathing
Chami, H. A., Baldwin, C. M., Silverman, A., Zhang, Y., Rapoport, D., Punjabi, N. M., & Gottlieb, D. J. (2010) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200908-1304oc · Cited by 107
Insomnia symptoms influence CPAP compliance
Pieh, C., Bach, M., Popp, R., Jara, C., Crönlein, T., Hajak, G., & Geisler, P. (2013) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-012-0655-9 · Cited by 107
Modafinil as Adjunct Therapy for Daytime Sleepiness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Schwartz, J. R. L., Hirshkowitz, M., Erman, M. K., & Schmidt-Nowara, W. (2003) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.124.6.2192 · Cited by 107
A randomized prospective long‐term study of two oral appliances for sleep apnoea treatment
GHAZAL, A., SORICHTER, S., JONAS, I., & ROSE, E. C. (2009) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00738.x · Cited by 106
Hoekema, A., Stegenga, B., Bakker, M., Brouwer, W. H., de Bont, L. G. M., Wijkstra, P. J., & van der Hoeven, J. H. (2007) · Sleep and Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-006-0093-7 · Cited by 107
Chronic insomnia, postmenopausal women, and sleep disordered breathing
Guilleminault, C., Palombini, L., Poyares, D., & Chowdhuri, S. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00445-2 · Cited by 105
Rowland, S., Aiyappan, V., Hennessy, C., Catcheside, P., Chai-Coezter, C. L., McEvoy, R. D., & Antic, N. A. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.6892 · Cited by 105
Effects of nasal surgery on sleep quality in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with nasal obstruction
Nakata, S., Noda, A., Yasuma, F., Morinaga, M., Sugiura, M., Katayama, N., Sawaki, M., Teranishi, M., & Nakashima, T. (2008) · American Journal of Rhinology · doi:10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3120 · Cited by 104
Clinical utility of the Epworth sleepiness scale
Walker, N. A., Sunderram, J., Zhang, P., Lu, S.-E., & Scharf, M. T. (2020) · Sleep and Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-020-02015-2 · Cited by 102
Randerath, W. J., Galetke, W., Domanski, U., Weitkunat, R., & Ruhle, K.-H. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.2.254 · Cited by 104
Ferreira, J. J., Godinho, C., Santos, A. T., Domingos, J., Abreu, D., Lobo, R., Gonçalves, N., Barra, M., Larsen, F., Fagerbakke, Ø., et al. (2015) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-015-0343-z · Cited by 96
Constant vs Automatic Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy
d'Ortho, M.-P., Grillier-Lanoir, V., Levy, P., Goldenberg, F., Corriger, E., Harf, A., & Lofaso, F. (2000) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.118.4.1010 · Cited by 103
CPAP compliance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Yetkin, O., Kunter, E., & Gunen, H. (2008) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-008-0188-4 · Cited by 102
Lo, J. C., Lee, S. M., Teo, L. M., Lim, J., Gooley, J. J., & Chee, M. W. L. (2017) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsw042 · Cited by 102
Progression of snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea: the role of increasing weight and time
Berger, G., Berger, R., & Oksenberg, A. (2009) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00075408 · Cited by 99
Prospective randomized study of patients with insomnia and mild sleep disordered breathing
Guilleminault, C., Davis, K., & Huynh, N. T. (2008) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.11.1527 · Cited by 100
Camacho, M., Li, D., Kawai, M., Zaghi, S., Teixeira, J., Senchak, A. J., Brietzke, S. E., Frasier, S., & Certal, V. (2016) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.25931 · Cited by 100
Menz, M. M., Rihm, J. S., & Büchel, C. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3083-15.2016 · Cited by 99
“1) as assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (Johns, 1991), normal sleep quality (3.”
MethodInfluentialFarah, N. M., Saw Yee, T., & Mohd Rasdi, H. F. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16234750 · Cited by 99
Lee, C., Smith, M. R., & Eastman, C. I. (2006) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520600827160 · Cited by 99
Strategies for evaluating adherence to sleep restriction treatment for insomnia
Riedel, B. W., & Lichstein, K. L. (2001) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00002-4 · Cited by 99
Crowley, S. J., & Eastman, C. I. (2015) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.004 · Cited by 99
Pressure-Relief Continuous Positive Airway Pressure vs Constant Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Nilius, G., Happel, A., Domanski, U., & Ruhle, K.-H. (2006) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.130.4.1018 · Cited by 99
Using a smartwatch and smartphone to assess early Parkinson’s disease in the WATCH-PD study
Adams, J. L., Kangarloo, T., Tracey, B., O’Donnell, P., Volfson, D., Latzman, R. D., Zach, N., Alexander, R., Bergethon, P., Cosman, J., et al. (2023) · npj Parkinson's Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-023-00497-x · Cited by 98
Kuna, S. T., Shuttleworth, D., Chi, L., Schutte-Rodin, S., Friedman, E., Guo, H., Dhand, S., Yang, L., Zhu, J., Bellamy, S. L., et al. (2015) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.4898 · Cited by 97
Humidified nasal continuous positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnoea
Neill, A. M., Wai, H. S., Bannan, S. P. T., Beasley, C. R., Weatherall, M., & Campbell, A. J. (2003) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.03.00035603 · Cited by 97
Selective upper airway stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea: a single center clinical experience
Heiser, C., Knopf, A., Bas, M., Gahleitner, C., & Hofauer, B. (2017) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-016-4297-6 · Cited by 93
Obstructive sleep apnea and quality of life: comparison of the SAQLI, FOSQ, and SF-36 questionnaires
University of Arizona, T., Silva, G., Goodwin, J., Vana, K., & Quan, S. (2016) · Southwest Journal of Pulmonary and Critical Care · doi:10.13175/swjpcc082-16 · Cited by 95
Association of intern and resident burnout with self-reported medical errors
Kang, E.-K., Lihm, H.-S., & Kong, E.-H. (2013) · Korean Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.1.36 · Cited by 95
Troell, R. J., Powell, N. B., Riley, R. W., Li, K. K., & Guilleminault, C. (2000) · Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0194-5998(00)70056-8 · Cited by 108
Is there a relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease?
Morse, C. A., Quan, S. F., Mays, M. Z., Green, C., Stephen, G., & Fass, R. (2004) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s1542-3565(04)00347-7 · Cited by 95
Léger, D., Roscoat, E. D., Bayon, V., Guignard, R., Pâquereau, J., & Beck, F. (2011) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.12.012 · Cited by 95
West, S. D. (2006) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2005.046300 · Cited by 93
Walker‐Engström, Wilhelmsson, Tegelberg, Dimenäs, & Ringqvist (2000) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2000.00210.x · Cited by 94
Preliminary observations on the effects of sleep time in a sleep restriction paradigm
Guilleminault, C., Powell, N. B., Martinez, S., Kushida, C., Raffray, T., Palombini, L., & Philip, P. (2003) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(03)00061-3 · Cited by 93
Viitasalo, K., Kuosma, E., Laitinen, J., & Härmä, M. (2008) · Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.1228 · Cited by 94
Personality factors related to shift work tolerance in two- and three-shift workers
Natvik, S., Bjorvatn, B., Moen, B. E., Magerøy, N., Sivertsen, B., & Pallesen, S. (2011) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2010.11.006 · Cited by 93
Bakker, J. P., O'Keeffe, K. M., Neill, A. M., & Campbell, A. J. (2011) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.1404 · Cited by 93
Does subjective sleep affect cognitive function in healthy elderly subjects? The Proof cohort
Saint Martin, M., Sforza, E., Barthélémy, J. C., Thomas-Anterion, C., & Roche, F. (2012) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.06.021 · Cited by 94
Diagnostic criteria for disorders of arousal: A video-polysomnographic assessment
Lopez, R., Shen, Y., Chenini, S., Rassu, A. L., Evangelista, E., Barateau, L., Jaussent, I., & Dauvilliers, Y. (2018) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25153 · Cited by 92
Vilaseca, I., Morelló, A., Montserrat, J. M., Santamaría, J., & Iranzo, A. (2002) · Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/archotol.128.4.435 · Cited by 92
Li, K. K., Powell, N. B., Riley, R. W., & Guilleminault, C. (2002) · Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1067/mhn.2002.126900 · Cited by 93
Poor sleep is related to lower emotional competence among adolescents
Brand, S., Kirov, R., Kalak, N., Gerber, M., Schmidt, N. B., Lemola, S., Correll, C. U., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2016) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2015.1048450 · Cited by 89
Pullman, R. E., Roepke, S. E., & Duffy, J. F. (2012) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2011.11.008 · Cited by 91
“All participants scored 5 or higher on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [4] or the Epworth Sleepiness Scale [5].”
Altered Skin-Temperature Regulation in Narcolepsy Relates to Sleep Propensity
Fronczek, R., Overeem, S., Lammers, G. J., van Dijk, J. G., & van Someren, E. J. W. (2006) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.11.1444 · Cited by 92
Huang, Z., Liu, Z., Luo, Q., Zhao, Q., Zhao, Z., Ma, X., Liu, W., & Yang, D. (2015) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpu147 · Cited by 90
Circadian dynamics in measures of cortical excitation and inhibition balance
Chellappa, S. L., Gaggioni, G., Ly, J. Q. M., Papachilleos, S., Borsu, C., Brzozowski, A., Rosanova, M., Sarasso, S., Luxen, A., Middleton, B., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep33661 · Cited by 84
Metadata
- Authors
- Johns, M. W.
- Affiliations
- Epworth Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Johns, Murray W.
- ORCID
- Johns, Murray W.
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1991-11-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 540-545
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- OpenAlex
- W197066864
- Cited by
- 17,364
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 845 · 2025: 955 · 2024: 991 · 2023: 964 · 2022: 1030 · 2021: 1116 · 2020: 1035 · 2019: 941 · 2018: 848 · 2017: 823 · 2016: 853 · 2015: 757 · 2014: 738 · 2013: 698 · 2012: 656
- FWCI
- 8.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- Epworth Sleepiness Scale, daytime sleepiness, self-report questionnaire, sleep disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, multiple sleep latency test, sleep latency, respiratory disturbance index, oxygen saturation, snoring
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arousal, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Narcolepsy, Psychometrics, Restless Legs Syndrome, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Sleep Wake Disorders, Snoring, Wakefulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
