Cited by 17,364Sleep and related disordersObstructive Sleep Apnea ResearchSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

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A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Johns, Murray W.·1991·Sleep

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Abstract

The development and use of a new scale, the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), is described. This is a simple, self-administered questionnaire which is shown to provide a measurement of the subject's general level of daytime sleepiness. One hundred and eighty adults answered the ESS, including 30 normal men and women as controls and 150 patients with a range of sleep disorders. They rated the chances that they would doze off or fall asleep when in eight different situations commonly encountered in daily life. Total ESS scores significantly distinguished normal subjects from patients in various diagnostic groups including obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. ESS scores were significantly correlated with sleep latency measured during the multiple sleep latency test and during overnight polysomnography. In patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ESS scores were significantly correlated with the respiratory disturbance index and the minimum SaO2 recorded overnight. ESS scores of patients who simply snored did not differ from controls.

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Crossref · 10.1093/sleep/14.6.540

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Self-citation
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“Higher scores indicate better functioning. u c s PRESS Encephalomyelitis and co-morbid severe health anxiety 3 The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (Johns, 1991) measures ikelihood of sleepiness in specific situations, rating 0-3. est--retest reliability (r = .82), and internal reliability (˛ .88) were good (Johns, 1992).”
Background
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“To evaluate the quality of sleep, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS; Johns, 1991) was used.”
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Authors: Johns, M. W.
Affiliations: Epworth Hospital (AU)
Corresponding author: Johns, Murray W.
ORCID: Johns, Murray W.
Venue: Sleep
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1991-11-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Pages: 540-545
ISSN: 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
1550-9109
DOI: 10.1093/sleep/14.6.540
OpenAlex: W197066864
Cited by: 17,364
References: 19
Citations by year: 2026: 845 · 2025: 955 · 2024: 991 · 2023: 964 · 2022: 1030 · 2021: 1116 · 2020: 1035 · 2019: 941 · 2018: 848 · 2017: 823 · 2016: 853 · 2015: 757 · 2014: 738 · 2013: 698 · 2012: 656
FWCI: 8.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: SLEEP (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: Epworth Sleepiness Scale, daytime sleepiness, self-report questionnaire, sleep disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, multiple sleep latency test, sleep latency, respiratory disturbance index, oxygen saturation, snoring
MeSH terms: Adult, Arousal, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Narcolepsy, Psychometrics, Restless Legs Syndrome, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Sleep Wake Disorders, Snoring, Wakefulness

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A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale

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