Cited by 8,446Attachment and Relationship DynamicsPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology ResearchPsychology and Mental Health

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Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. Attachment

Rever, George W.·1972·Psychosomatic Medicine

DOI 10.1097/00006842-197211000-00011

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Suicide as escape from self.
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Background
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“…he acknowledges Riviere and Klein for grounding him in the object-relations approach to psychoanalysis, with its emphasis on early relationships and the pathogenic potential of loss (Bowlby, 1969, p. xvii), he had grave reservations about aspects of the Kleinian approach to child psychoanalysis.”
Background
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Gilbert, P. (2014) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12043 · Cited by 1,593
Contingencies of self-worth.
Crocker, J., & Wolfe, C. T. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.593 · Cited by 1,614
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The Meaning Maintenance Model: On the Coherence of Social Motivations
Heine, S. J., Proulx, T., & Vohs, K. D. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1002_1 · Cited by 1,437
“Likewise, Bowlby (1969) observed that children's distress about being separated from their mothers was reduced significantly if a familiar person was nearby.”
Background
Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love
Sue Carter, C. (1998) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00055-9 · Cited by 1,425
“These assumptions are the core of the theories of Bowlby (1969) (1973) (1980) and Ainsworth (1989).”
Influential
Implications of rejection sensitivity for intimate relationships
Downey, G., & Feldman, S. I. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.6.1327 · Cited by 2,110
Self-regulation, ego depletion, and motivation
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“Both survival and reproduction are far easier to achieve via social acceptance than in social isolation (see Bowlby, 1969).”
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The development of anxiety: The role of control in the early environment.
Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1998) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.3 · Cited by 1,382
“According to classic attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969, 1973, 1980), the parent serves an evolutionary and biological function of a protective and secure base (i.e., attachment object) from which the child operates.”
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Why Do People Need Self-Esteem? A Theoretical and Empirical Review.
Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Arndt, J., & Schimel, J. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.435 · Cited by 1,367
The Costly Pursuit of Self-Esteem
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Parent–infant synchrony and the construction of shared timing; physiological precursors, developmental outcomes, and risk conditions
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The Significance of Insecure Attachment and Disorganization in the Development of Children’s Externalizing Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Study
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Emotions and emotional communication in infants.
Tronick, E. Z. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.112 · Cited by 1,359
Infant–mother attachment.
Ainsworth, M. S. (1979) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.34.10.932 · Cited by 1,317
Maternal Depression and Child Development
Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (1994) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01133.x · Cited by 1,336
Capturing autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work: Construction and initial validation of the Work‐related Basic Need Satisfaction scale
Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., De Witte, H., Soenens, B., & Lens, W. (2010) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/096317909x481382 · Cited by 1,305
Support seeking and support giving within couples in an anxiety-provoking situation: The role of attachment styles.
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Attachment-related psychodynamics
Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2002) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730210154171 · Cited by 1,294
A categorized list of emotion definitions, with suggestions for a consensual definition
Kleinginna, P. R., & Kleinginna, A. M. (1981) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/bf00992553 · Cited by 1,229
“This distinction may not always be appropriate, since interoceptive stimuli may set off emotions and external incentives may set off motives (Gazzaniga, Steen, & Volpe, 1979); however, the relationship between external stimuli and emotions has been recognized frequently.”
BackgroundInfluential
Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology
Kim, J., & Cicchetti, D. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02202.x · Cited by 1,229
Prosocial Motivation: Is it ever Truly Altruistic?
Batson, C. (1987) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60412-8 · Cited by 1,178
Personality, Modernity, and the Storied Self: A Contemporary Framework for Studying Persons
McAdams, D. P. (1996) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0704_1 · Cited by 1,268
The experiences in close relationships—Relationship Structures Questionnaire: A method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships.
Fraley, R. C., Heffernan, M. E., Vicary, A. M., & Brumbaugh, C. C. (2011) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0022898 · Cited by 1,198
Attachment Style as a Predictor of Adult Romantic Relationships
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“text of intimate relationships; Bowlby (1973) suggested that working models of the self and of relationship partners tend to be complementary and mutually confirming.”
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Love and work: An attachment-theoretical perspective.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.2.270 · Cited by 1,220
Long-term psychological and occupational effects of providing hospital healthcare during SARS outbreak
Maunder, R., Lancee, W., Balderson, K., Bennett, J., Borgundvaag, B., Evans, S., Fernandes, C., Goldbloom, D., Gupta, M., Hunter, J., et al. (2006) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1212.060584 · Cited by 1,109
“Attachment anxiety is a common, relatively enduring, and stable interpersonal style within close relationships (37), which is known to be associated with sensitivity to stress under many conditions (38,39).”
Early externalizing behavior problems: Toddlers and preschoolers at risk for later maladjustment
CAMPBELL, S. B., SHAW, D. S., & GILLIOM, M. (2000) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400003114 · Cited by 1,081
Within-person variation in security of attachment: A self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need fulfillment and well-being
La Guardia, J. G., Ryan, R. M., Couchman, C. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.3.367 · Cited by 1,571
If you can't join them, beat them: Effects of social exclusion on aggressive behavior.
Twenge, J. M., Baumeister, R. F., Tice, D. M., & Stucke, T. S. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.6.1058 · Cited by 1,554
Contingencies of Self-Worth in College Students: Theory and Measurement.
Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R. K., Cooper, M. L., & Bouvrette, A. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.894 · Cited by 1,018
Loneliness within a nomological net: An evolutionary perspective
Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., Ernst, J. M., Burleson, M., Berntson, G. G., Nouriani, B., & Spiegel, D. (2006) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.11.007 · Cited by 1,010
The sociobiology of sociopathy: An integrated evolutionary model
Mealey, L. (1995) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00039595 · Cited by 1,009
Fears of compassion: Development of three self‐report measures
Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Matos, M., & Rivis, A. (2011) · Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice · doi:10.1348/147608310x526511 · Cited by 973
Elaborating on elaborations: Role of maternal reminiscing style in cognitive and socioemotional development
Fivush, R., Haden, C. A., & Reese, E. (2006) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00960.x · Cited by 951
“Attachment is a foundational construct in developmental psychology that assesses the emotional bond between mother and child (Bowlby, 1969).”
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An attachment perspective on psychopathology
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. (2012) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.wpsyc.2012.01.003 · Cited by 932
Social Bonds and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Charuvastra, A., & Cloitre, M. (2008) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085650 · Cited by 911
Dimensions of Adult Attachment, Affect Regulation, and Romantic Relationship Functioning
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Theorizing the father–child relationship: mechanisms and developmental outcomes
Paquette, D. (2004) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000078723 · Cited by 904
The relational self: An interpersonal social-cognitive theory.
Andersen, S. M., & Chen, S. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.4.619 · Cited by 976
“…the need for human connection— for relatedness, belonging, caring, tenderness, or attachment (see, e.g., Adler, 1927/1957; Bakan, 1966; Batson, 1990; Bowlby, 1969; Deci, 1995; Fairbairn, 1952; J. R. Greenberg & Mitchell, 1983; Guisinger & Blatt, 1994; Helgeson, 1994; Horney, 1939, 1945; McAdams,…”
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Finding "Meaning" in Psychology: A Lay Theories Approach to Self-Regulation, Social Perception, and Social Development.
Molden, D. C., & Dweck, C. S. (2006) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.61.3.192 · Cited by 861
The Uniqueness of the Child–Father Attachment Relationship: Fathers’ Sensitive and Challenging Play as a Pivotal Variable in a 16‐year Longitudinal Study
Grossmann, K., Grossmann, K. E., Fremmer‐Bombik, E., Kindler, H., Scheuerer‐Englisch, H., & Zimmermann, A. P. (2002) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/1467-9507.00202 · Cited by 861
The Relationship Context of Human Behavior and Development
Reis, H. T., Collins, W. A., & Berscheid, E. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.6.844 · Cited by 853
Why do people need self-esteem? Converging evidence that self-esteem serves an anxiety-buffering function.
Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., Rosenblatt, A., Burling, J., Lyon, D., Simon, L., & Pinel, E. (1992) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.6.913 · Cited by 865
Contributions of teacher–child relationships to positive school adjustment during elementary school
Baker, J. A. (2006) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2006.02.002 · Cited by 860
Peer Relationships, Child Development, and Adjustment: A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective
Parker, J. G., Rubin, K. H., Erath, S. A., Wojslawowicz, J. C., & Buskirk, A. A. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939383.ch12 · Cited by 844
The development of depression in children and adolescents.
Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.53.2.221 · Cited by 1,029
Boosting Attachment Security to Promote Mental Health, Prosocial Values, and Inter-Group Tolerance
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478400701512646 · Cited by 621
Optimizing assurance: The risk regulation system in relationships.
Murray, S., Holmes, J. G., & Collins, N. L. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.641 · Cited by 811
The Personal Sense of Power
Anderson, C. P., John, O. P., & Keltner, D. J. (2011) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00734.x · Cited by 820
A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Attachment Disorganization/Disorientation
Carlson, E. A. (1998) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06163.x · Cited by 857
Religion's evolutionary landscape: Counterintuition, commitment, compassion, communion
Atran, S., & Norenzayan, A. (2004) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x04000172 · Cited by 759
“[6] Psychoanalytic (Freud 1990, Erikson 1963) and attachment (Bowlby 1969, Kirkpatrick 1998) theories hold that primary deities are surrogate parents who assuage existential anxieties.”
Background
Consciousness and the varieties of emotion experience: A theoretical framework.
Lambie, J. A., & Marcel, A. J. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.2.219 · Cited by 760
“Further evidence for individual dispositional differences in self-/world-focus is found in the developmental literature and one account of them is provided by attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969). According to Bowlby, a one-year-old infant's behaviour in separation-reunion interactions with its primary caregiver depends u…”
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Biosocial construction of sex differences and similarities in behavior
Wood, W., & Eagly, A. H. (2012) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394281-4.00002-7 · Cited by 770
Maternal Depression and Anxiety Across the Postpartum Year and Infant Social Engagement, Fear Regulation, and Stress Reactivity
Feldman, R., Granat, A., Pariente, C., Kanety, H., Kuint, J., & Gilboa-Schechtman, E. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181b21651 · Cited by 747
The Dawn of Darwinian Medicine
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Loneliness and the health of older people
Luanaigh, C. Ó., & LAWLOR, B. A. (2008) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2054 · Cited by 809
“In line with attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969), the absence or loss of an attachment figure can only be substituted by another close and intimate bond and supportive friendships or social contact cannot compensate for the loss.”
Background
Effects of social support visibility on adjustment to stress: Experimental evidence.
Bolger, N. P., & Amarel, D. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.458 · Cited by 826
Ideal versus ought predilections for approach and avoidance distinct self-regulatory systems.
Higgins, E. T., Roney, C. J. R., Crowe, E., & Hymes, C. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.66.2.276 · Cited by 970
Attachment, Caregiving, and Altruism: Boosting Attachment Security Increases Compassion and Helping.
Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Gillath, O., & Nitzberg, R. A. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.5.817 · Cited by 739

Authors: Rever, G. W.
Corresponding author: Rever, George W.
Venue: Psychosomatic Medicine
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1972-11
Volume: 34
Issue: 6
Pages: 562-563
ISSN: 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00006842-197211000-00011
OpenAlex: W2313877811
Cited by: 8,446
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 183 · 2024: 232 · 2023: 297 · 2022: 231 · 2021: 300 · 2020: 428 · 2019: 385 · 2018: 339 · 2017: 339 · 2016: 322 · 2015: 439 · 2014: 352 · 2013: 394 · 2012: 398
Type: book review
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
Keywords: attachment, loss, grief, bereavement, mourning

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