Endocrine fibroblast growth factors 15/19 and 21: from feast to famine

FGF-21 as a novel metabolic regulator

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The Enzymes, Regulation, and Genetics of Bile Acid Synthesis

Russell, D. W. (2003) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712 · Cited by 2,069

The FGF family: biology, pathophysiology and therapy

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A regulatory cascade of the nuclear receptors FXR, SHP-1, and LRH-1 represses bile acid biosynthesis

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Fibroblast growth factor 15 functions as an enterohepatic signal to regulate bile acid homeostasis

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Klotho converts canonical FGF receptor into a specific receptor for FGF23

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Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α mediates the adaptive response to fasting

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Nutritional Regulation of the Insulin-Like Growth Factors*

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Endocrine Regulation of the Fasting Response by PPARα-Mediated Induction of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

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Hepatic Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Regulated by PPARα and Is a Key Mediator of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Ketotic States

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Molecular Basis for Feedback Regulation of Bile Acid Synthesis by Nuclear Receptors

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Autosomal dominant hypophosphataemic rickets is associated with mutations in FGF23

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Cloning and characterization of FGF23 as a causative factor of tumor-induced osteomalacia

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Regulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 Signaling by Klotho

Kurosu, H., Ogawa, Y., Miyoshi, M., Yamamoto, M., Nandi, A., Rosenblatt, K. P., Baum, M. G., Schiavi, S. C., Hu, M. C., Moe, O. W., et al. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c500457200 · Cited by 1,381

Metabolic Rate and Body Temperature Reduction During Hibernation and Daily Torpor

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 reverses hepatic steatosis, increases energy expenditure, and improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice

Xu, J., Lloyd, D. J., Hale, C., Stanislaus, S., Chen, M., Sivits, G., Vonderfecht, S., Hecht, R., Li, Y.-S., Lindberg, R. A., et al. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-0392 · Cited by 1,151

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Corrects Obesity in Mice

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A critical role for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the cellular fasting response: The PPARα-null mouse as a model of fatty acid oxidation disorders

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Serum FGF21 levels are increased in obesity and are independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in humans

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Identification of a novel FGF, FGF-21, preferentially expressed in the liver

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Obesity Is a Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21)-Resistant State

Fisher, F. M., Chui, P. C., Antonellis, P. J., Bina, H. A., Kharitonenkov, A., Flier, J. S., & Maratos-Flier, E. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0193 · Cited by 830

Bile acid biosynthesis

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Tissue-specific Expression of βKlotho and Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Receptor Isoforms Determines Metabolic Activity of FGF19 and FGF21

Kurosu, H., Choi, M., Ogawa, Y., Dickson, A. S., Goetz, R., Eliseenkova, A. V., Mohammadi, M., Rosenblatt, K. P., Kliewer, S. A., & Kuro-o, M. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m704165200 · Cited by 748

The metabolic state of diabetic monkeys is regulated by fibroblast growth factor-21

Kharitonenkov, A., Wroblewski, V. J., Koester, A., Chen, Y.-F., Clutinger, C. K., Tigno, X. T., Hansen, B. C., Shanafelt, A. B., & Etgen, G. J. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-1168 · Cited by 738

Definition of a novel growth factor-dependent signal cascade for the suppression of bile acid biosynthesisPreprint

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FGF21 induces PGC-1α and regulates carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism during the adaptive starvation response

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Research Resource: Comprehensive Expression Atlas of the Fibroblast Growth Factor System in Adult Mouse

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FGF19 as a Postprandial, Insulin-Independent Activator of Hepatic Protein and Glycogen Synthesis

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Thermogenic Activation Induces FGF21 Expression and Release in Brown Adipose Tissue

Hondares, E., Iglesias, R., Giralt, A., Gonzalez, F. J., Giralt, M., Mampel, T., & Villarroya, F. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.215889 · Cited by 623

LXRS AND FXR: The Yin and Yang of Cholesterol and Fat Metabolism

Kalaany, N. Y., & Mangelsdorf, D. J. (2005) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.68.033104.152158 · Cited by 623

βKlotho is required for metabolic activity of fibroblast growth factor 21

Ogawa, Y., Kurosu, H., Yamamoto, M., Nandi, A., Rosenblatt, K. P., Goetz, R., Eliseenkova, A. V., Mohammadi, M., & Kuro-o, M. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0701600104 · Cited by 617

Increased Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Dushay, J., Chui, P. C., Gopalakrishnan, G. S., Varela–Rey, M., Crawley, M., Fisher, F. M., Badman, M. K., Martinez–Chantar, M. L., & Maratos–Flier, E. (2010) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.04.054 · Cited by 607

Differential regulation of bile acid homeostasis by the farnesoid X receptor in liver and intestine

Kim, I., Ahn, S.-H., Inagaki, T., Choi, M., Ito, S., Guo, G. L., Kliewer, S. A., & Gonzalez, F. J. (2007) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m700330-jlr200 · Cited by 589

Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Increases Metabolic Rate and Reverses Dietary and Leptin-Deficient Diabetes

Fu, L., John, L. M., Adams, S. H., Yu, X. X., Tomlinson, E., Renz, M. E., Williams, P. M., Soriano, R. H., Corpuz, R. T., Moffat, B., et al. (2004) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-1671 · Cited by 584

Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Fibroblast Growth Factor-19 Display Increased Metabolic Rate and Decreased Adiposity

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates energy metabolism by activating the AMPK–SIRT1–PGC-1α pathway

Chau, M. D. L., Gao, J., Yang, Q., Wu, Z., & Gromada, J. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1006962107 · Cited by 557

Molecular Insights into the Klotho-Dependent, Endocrine Mode of Action of Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Subfamily Members

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Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Regulates PPARγ Activity and the Antidiabetic Actions of Thiazolidinediones

Dutchak, P. A., Katafuchi, T., Bookout, A. L., Choi, J. H., Yu, R. T., Mangelsdorf, D. J., & Kliewer, S. A. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.11.062 · Cited by 537

The Circulating Metabolic Regulator FGF21 Is Induced by Prolonged Fasting and PPARα Activation in Man

Gälman, C., Lundåsen, T., Kharitonenkov, A., Bina, H. A., Eriksson, M., Hafström, I., Dahlin, M., Åmark, P., Angelin, B., & Rudling, M. (2008) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.06.014 · Cited by 512

Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Improves Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Survival by Activation of Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase 1/2 and Akt Signaling Pathways

Wente, W., Efanov, A. M., Brenner, M. B., Kharitonenkov, A., Koster, A. M., Sandusky, G. E., Sewing, S., Treinies, I., Zitzer, H., & Gromada, J. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db05-1435 · Cited by 497

Spontaneous development of liver tumors in the absence of the bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor

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Redundant Pathways for Negative Feedback Regulation of Bile Acid Production

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Glyceroneogenesis and the triglyceride/fatty acid cycle

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Defect in Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α-inducible Fatty Acid Oxidation Determines the Severity of Hepatic Steatosis in Response to Fasting

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Identification of a Therapeutic Strategy Targeting Amplified FGF19 in Liver Cancer by Oncogenomic Screening

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FGF15/19 Regulates Hepatic Glucose Metabolism by Inhibiting the CREB-PGC-1α Pathway

Potthoff, M. J., Boney-Montoya, J., Choi, M., He, T., Sunny, N. E., Satapati, S., Suino-Powell, K., Xu, H. E., Gerard, R. D., Finck, B. N., et al. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.03.019 · Cited by 431

Fibroblast growth factor 21 promotes bone loss by potentiating the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ

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Inhibition of Growth Hormone Signaling by the Fasting-Induced Hormone FGF21

Inagaki, T., Lin, V. Y., Goetz, R., Mohammadi, M., Mangelsdorf, D. J., & Kliewer, S. A. (2008) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.05.006 · Cited by 409

Circulating intestinal fibroblast growth factor 19 has a pronounced diurnal variation and modulates hepatic bile acid synthesis in man

Lundåsen, T., Gälman, C., Angelin, B., & Rudling, M. J. (2006) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01731.x · Cited by 403

Regulation of bile acid synthesis

Chiang, J. Y. L. (1998) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/a273 · Cited by 400

Fibroblast growth factor 21 levels are increased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients and are correlated with hepatic triglyceride

Li, H., Fang, Q., Gao, F., Fan, J., Zhou, J., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Pan, X., Bao, Y., Xiang, K., et al. (2010) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.05.018 · Cited by 400

Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Is Elevated in Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes and Correlates With Muscle and Hepatic Insulin Resistance

Chavez, A. O., Molina-Carrion, M., Abdul-Ghani, M. A., Folli, F., DeFronzo, R. A., & Tripathy, D. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0684 · Cited by 390

ChREBP•Mlx Is the Principal Mediator of Glucose-induced Gene Expression in the Liver

Ma, L., Robinson, L. N., & Towle, H. C. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m601576200 · Cited by 387

Hepatic FGF21 Expression Is Induced at Birth via PPARα in Response to Milk Intake and Contributes to Thermogenic Activation of Neonatal Brown Fat

Hondares, E., Rosell, M., Gonzalez, F. J., Giralt, M., Iglesias, R., & Villarroya, F. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.02.001 · Cited by 377

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21-Deficient Mice Demonstrate Impaired Adaptation to Ketosis

Badman, M. K., Koester, A., Flier, J. S., Kharitonenkov, A., & Maratos-Flier, E. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0532 · Cited by 362

PPARα is a key regulator of hepatic FGF21

Lundåsen, T., Hunt, M., Nilsson, L.-M., Sanyal, S., Angelin, B., Alexson, S., & Rudling, M. (2007) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.068 · Cited by 361

A Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Nicholes, K., Guillet, S., Tomlinson, E., Hillan, K., Wright, B., Frantz, G. D., Pham, T. A., Dillard-Telm, L., Tsai, S. P., Stephan, J.-P., et al. (2002) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61177-7 · Cited by 359

Spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis in farnesoid X receptor-null mice

Kim, I., Morimura, K., Shah, Y., Yang, Q., Ward, J. M., & Gonzalez, F. J. (2007) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl249 · Cited by 357

Fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates lipolysis in white adipose tissue but is not required for ketogenesis and triglyceride clearance in liver

Hotta, Y., Nakamura, H., Konishi, M., Murata, Y., Takagi, H., Matsumura, S., Inoue, K., Fushiki, T., & Itoh, N. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0119 · Cited by 352

Loss of Nuclear Receptor SHP Impairs but Does Not Eliminate Negative Feedback Regulation of Bile Acid Synthesis

Kerr, T. A., Saeki, S., Schneider, M., Schaefer, K., Berdy, S., Redder, T., Shan, B., Russell, D. W., & Schwarz, M. (2002) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/s1534-5807(02)00154-5 · Cited by 351

Elevated Cholesterol Metabolism and Bile Acid Synthesis in Mice Lacking Membrane Tyrosine Kinase Receptor FGFR4

Yu, C., Wang, F., Kan, M., Jin, C., Jones, R. B., Weinstein, M. B., Deng, C., & McKeehan, W. L. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.275.20.15482 · Cited by 348

βKlotho Is Required for Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 21 Signaling through FGF Receptor (FGFR) 1c and FGFR3c

Suzuki, M., Uehara, Y., Motomura-Matsuzaka, K., Oki, J., Koyama, Y., Kimura, M., Asada, M., Komi-Kuramochi, A., Oka, S., & Toru, T. (2008) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2007-0313 · Cited by 345

Acute glucose-lowering and insulin-sensitizing action of FGF21 in insulin-resistant mouse models—association with liver and adipose tissue effects

Xu, J., Stanislaus, S., Chinookoswong, N., Lau, Y. Y., Hager, T., Patel, J., Ge, H., Weiszmann, J., Lu, S.-C., Graham, M., et al. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00348.2009 · Cited by 340

FGF‐21/FGF‐21 receptor interaction and activation is determined by βKlotho

Kharitonenkov, A., Dunbar, J. D., Bina, H. A., Bright, S. W., Moyers, J. S., Zhang, C., Ding, L., Micanovic, R., Mehrbod, S. F., Knierman, M. D., et al. (2007) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.21357 · Cited by 333

A New Mechanism for Bile Acid Diarrhea: Defective Feedback Inhibition of Bile Acid Biosynthesis

Walters, J. R. F., Tasleem, A. M., Omer, O. S., Brydon, W. G., Dew, T. K., & le Roux, C. W. (2009) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2009.04.024 · Cited by 318

Molecular cloning and expression analyses of mouse βklotho, which encodes a novel Klotho family protein

Ito, S., Kinoshita, S., Shiraishi, N., Nakagawa, S., Sekine, S., Fujimori, T., & Nabeshima, Y. (2000) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00439-1 · Cited by 312

FGF-19, A NOVEL FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR WITH UNIQUE SPECIFICITY FOR FGFR4

Xie, M.-H., Holcomb, I. N., Deuel, B., Dowd, P., Huang, A. J. Y., Vagts, A. J., Foster, J., Liang, J., Brush, J., Gu, Q., et al. (1999) · Cytokine · doi:10.1006/cyto.1999.0485 · Cited by 301

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Controls Glycemia via Regulation of Hepatic Glucose Flux and Insulin Sensitivity

Berglund, E. D., Li, C. Y., Bina, H. A., Lynes, S. E., Michael, M. D., Shanafelt, A. B., Kharitonenkov, A., & Wasserman, D. H. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0221 · Cited by 297

Adipose Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Up-Regulated by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ and Altered Metabolic States

Muise, E. S., Azzolina, B., Kuo, D. W., El-Sherbeini, M., Tan, Y., Yuan, X., Mu, J., Thompson, J. R., Berger, J. P., & Wong, K. K. (2008) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.108.044826 · Cited by 294

Identification of a hormonal basis for gallbladder filling

Choi, M., Moschetta, A., Bookout, A. L., Peng, L., Umetani, M., Holmstrom, S. R., Suino-Powell, K. M., Xu, H. E., Richardson, J. A., Gerard, R. D., et al. (2006) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1501 · Cited by 290

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Action in the Brain Increases Energy Expenditure and Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Rats

Sarruf, D. A., Thaler, J. P., Morton, G. J., German, J. P., Fischer, J. D., Ogimoto, K., & Schwartz, M. W. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-1878 · Cited by 287

High expression of the bile salt-homeostatic hormone fibroblast growth factor 19 in the liver of patients with extrahepatic cholestasis #

Schaap, F. G., Gaag, N. A. V. D., Gouma, D. J., & Jansen, P. L. M. (2008) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22771 · Cited by 281

The fasting polypeptide FGF21 can enter brain from blood

Hsuchou, H., Pan, W., & Kastin, A. J. (2007) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2007.10.007 · Cited by 280

Serum concentrations and tissue expression of a novel endocrine regulator fibroblast growth factor-21 in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity

Mraz, M., Bartlova, M., Lacinova, Z., Michalsky, D., Kasalicky, M., Haluzikova, D., Matoulek, M., Dostalova, I., Humenanska, V., & Haluzik, M. (2009) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03502.x · Cited by 279

Targeting FGF19 inhibits tumor growth in colon cancer xenograft and FGF19 transgenic hepatocellular carcinoma models

Desnoyers, L. R., Pai, R., Ferrando, R., Hotzel, K., Le, T., Ross, J., Carano, R., D'Souza, A., Qing, J., Mohtashemi, I., et al. (2008) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210623 · Cited by 266

Brown Adipose Tissue Responds to Cold and Adrenergic Stimulation by Induction of FGF21

Chartoumpekis, D. V., Habeos, I. G., Ziros, P. G., Psyrogiannis, A. I., Kyriazopoulou, V. E., & Papavassiliou, A. G. (2011) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/molmed.2011.00075 · Cited by 252

Impaired negative feedback suppression of bile acid synthesis in mice lacking βKlotho

Ito, S., Fujimori, T., Furuya, A., Satoh, J., Nabeshima, Y., & Nabeshima, Y. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci23076 · Cited by 250

Irs1 and Irs2 signaling is essential for hepatic glucose homeostasis and systemic growth

Dong, X. C., Park, S., Lin, X., Copps, K. D., Yi, X., & White, M. F. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci25735 · Cited by 239

Structure and expression of a novel human FGF, FGF-19, expressed in the fetal brain

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FGF21 attenuates lipolysis in human adipocytes – A possible link to improved insulin sensitivity

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