The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 8 of the 46 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Clinical trial: multispecies probiotic supplementation alleviates the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and stabilizes intestinal microbiota
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Background Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common diagnosis in gastroenterology. Trials suggest certain probiotics to be beneficial. Aim To investigate the effects of multispecies probiotic supplementation ( Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus Lc705, Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb12) on abdominal symptoms, quality of life, intestinal microbiota and inflammatory markers in irritable bowel syndrome. Methods Eighty‐six irritable bowel syndrome patients (Rome II criteria) participated in this randomized, placebo‐controlled 5‐month intervention. Patients were randomized to receive daily either multispecies probiotic supplementation or placebo. Irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, quality of life, microarray‐based intestinal microbiota stability ( n = 20), serum cytokines and sensitive C‐reactive protein were monitored. Results The composite irritable bowel syndrome score had at 5 months decreased 14 points (95% CI: −19 to −9) from baseline with the multispecies probiotic vs. three points (95% CI: −8 to 1) with placebo ( P = 0.0083). Especially, distension and abdominal pain were affected. A stabilization of the microbiota was observed, as the microbiota similarity index increased with the probiotic supplementation (1.9 ± 3.1), while it decreased with placebo (−2.9 ± 1.7). No differences were seen in C‐reactive protein. Conclusions This multispecies probiotic seems to be an effective and safe option to alleviate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, and to stabilize the intestinal microbiota.
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Claims the paper makes
19 Own result · 18 Not checked yet · 14 Own method · 9 Own interpretation · 2 Partly supported · 1 Supported so far · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Studies on mast cells and cytokines point out that inflammation is present in IBS. 2, 13-20”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2] source
- Supportedcites [13] source
The paper supports the mast-cell component of this multi-citation statement. Its Results report increased colonic mucosal mast cells and degranulation in IBS patients compared with controls, and the Discussion describes this as a prominent mast-cell infiltrate and activation. The paper also frames these findings in terms of a possible low-grade inflammatory response; this citation need not independently support the sentence’s cytokine component. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Supportedcites [14] source
The Discussion (page not provided) reports increased jejunal mast cells and evidence of low-grade epithelial inflammation in diarrhoea-predominant IBS. This supports the mast-cell part of the statement; the paper does not need to supply the cytokine evidence attributed to the group of citations. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked yetcites [15] source
- Supportedcites [16] source
The Discussion reports increased rectal mucosal IL-1β expression in patients with post-infectious IBS and describes this as evidence of low-grade inflammation in a subset of IBS patients. This paper supports the cytokine portion of the cited statement; it does not need to establish the mast-cell findings covered by other citations. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked yetcites [17] source
- Partly supportedcites [18] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction reports increased mast cells in IBS patients and says inflammation may play a role in IBS. The Discussion links IL-10 genotypes to a possible inflammatory process in a subgroup, but does not establish that inflammation is present in IBS generally. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Supportedcites [19] source
The Results (Baseline Characteristics; page unavailable) report higher IL-6 and IL-8 levels in patients with IBS than in controls. The Discussion explicitly interprets the findings as supporting an association between IBS and a proinflammatory response, providing the cytokine evidence for the multi-cited sentence. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked yetcites [20] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The probiotic treatment had a beneficial effect on the bowel symptoms domain (Figure 3). The Hodges-Lehmann estimate for median change from baseline to the end of the study was 0.62 points (95% CI: 0.37-0.86) in the probiotic group vs. 0.37 points (95% CI: 0.17-0.61) in the placebo group ( P -value for difference between groups = 0.045).”
plaindirectn = 86 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No differences between the groups were seen in the prevalence of soft stools, hard stools or diarrhoea.”
plainn = 86- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ten of the 43 subjects in the probiotic group and 15 of the 43 subjects in the placebo group reported at least one adverse event.”
plainn = 43- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
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In the paper
“There was no difference between the groups in antimicrobial treatments: 19% (eight of 43) of the subjects in the probiotic group, and 26% (11 of 43) in the placebo group were prescribed antimicrobials ( P = 0.436).”
plainn = 43- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One important finding of the present study is that the HRQL showed improvement in the probiotic group for the domain describing bowel symptoms.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Elevated levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)a , interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-12 in plasma or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been connected to IBS. 2, 19, 20”
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No differences between the groups were seen with respect to baseline characteristics.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The HITChip is one way to overcome part of the challenges in microbiota analysis, as no preselection of bacterial species or groups to be analysed needs to be done.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this trial, we failed to see an effect of the treatment on CRP and cytokines.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 34
- Probably not a substantial claim. 22
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Furthermore, two different multispecies probiotics have shown favourable effects on symptoms of IBS: a combination of two lactobacilli, one bifidobacteria and one propionic acid bacteria, 10 as well as a combination of eight strains, VSL#3. 11, 12”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [10] source
Citation 10 is attached to the four-strain combination, not the separate VSL#3 claim. The Introduction (p. 2) identifies two lactobacilli, B. breve and P. freudenreichii in the mixture, and the Discussion (p. 6) reports that it helped alleviate IBS symptoms. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Partly supportedcites [11] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Treatment plan section identifies VSL#3 as an eight-strain probiotic. The Discussion reports an apparent reduction in abdominal bloating in patients with diarrhoea-predominant IBS, but no improvement relative to placebo in overall IBS relief or the other symptoms assessed. Thus, the claim is supported for bloating, not for IBS symptoms generally. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked yetcites [12] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“A stabilization of the microbiota composition may be particularly important in IBS, as no single deviance has been identified in IBS microbiota, but various alterations in the bacterial composition have been characterized. 23-25, 35”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [23] source
- Not checked yetcites [24] source
- Supportedcites [25] source
The Discussion reports alterations in several bacterial groups and concludes that microbial composition varies with IBS symptoms; it also says no higher taxonomic group was uniquely absent from a clone library. These findings support the cited sentence’s account of varied changes rather than one defining deviation. The suggestion that stabilization may be important is the citing authors’ own inference. (LLM, conf=0.83)
- Not checked yetcites [35] source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Compared to baseline, the IBS symptom score had, at 20 weeks, decreased 14 points (95% CI: ) 19 to ) 9) with the probiotic treatment vs. three points (95% CI: ) 8 to 1) in the placebo group ( P -value for difference between groups = 0.0083).”
- Also stated in: § Primary outcome measures · p. 4 · plain
“This represents a mean reduction of 37% in IBS score in the probiotic group compared to a 9% reduction in the placebo group.”
- Also stated in: § Results · p. 1 · plain
“The composite irritable bowel syndrome score had at 5 months decreased 14 points (95% CI: ) 19 to ) 9) from baseline with the multispecies probiotic vs. three points (95% CI: ) 8 to 1) with placebo ( P = 0.0083).”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Primary outcome measures · p. 4 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No differences were seen in C-reactive protein.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A stabilization of the microbiota was observed, as the microbiota similarity index increased with the probiotic supplementation (1.9 3.1), while it decreased with placebo ( ) 2.9 1.7).”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Following the introduction of probiotics or placebo, the mean logarithmic similarity index between the baseline and the intervention sample (similarity index AB) was 91.8 (s.d. 3.1) in the probiotic group and 94.5 (s.d. 1.3) in the placebo group ( P = 0.026 for difference between groups).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| Abdominal pain | 6 (4) | 8 (6) | 0 ( ) 2 to 2) | ) 3 ( ) 5 to ) 2) | 0.052 |”
plainn = 86 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| Total IBS | 33 (16) | 38 (21) | ) 3 ( ) 8 to 1) | ) 14 ( ) 19 to ) 9) | 0.0083 |”
plaindirectn = 86 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“P -values for baseline-adjusted change to follow-up between groups: bowel symptoms ( P = 0.045), fatigue ( P = 0.087), activity limitations ( P = 0.81) and emotional function ( P = 0.72).”
plainn = 86 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| Flatulence | 12 (6) | 12 (6) | ) 2 ( ) 4 to 0) | ) 4 ( ) 6 to ) 2) | 0.11 |”
plainn = 86- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| Distension | 10 (7) | 11 (7) | ) 1 ( ) 3 to 1) | ) 4 ( ) 6 to ) 2) | 0.023 |”
plainn = 86 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ratio of the intervention value to the baseline value was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.73-1.10) for the probiotic supplementation and 1.16 (95% CI: 0.85-1.47) for placebo ( P = 0.21). No differences were thus seen between the two groups in CRP.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“| Rumbling | 5 (5) | 6 (6) | ) 1 ( ) 2 to 0) | ) 3 ( ) 4 to ) 1) | 0.086 |”
plainn = 86- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the earlier study, we saw a 42% reduction in the composite IBS symptom score, while we now observed a 37% decrease. The corresponding figures for the placebo group in the respective trials are 6% and 9%.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the second half of the intervention period, a stabilization of the microbiota was observed with probiotic supplementation, as the similarity index increased with the probiotic supplementation (1.87 3.13) and decreased with placebo ( ) 2.93 1.68). The difference between the groups ( ) 4.8; 95% CI: ) 6.59 to ) 2.54) was significant ( P = 0.0015).”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, we observed a concurrent stabilization of the intestinal microbiota with symptom reduction.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Imbalanced microbiota may be one such factor, as deviations in microbiota have been seen in IBS 23-25 and as studies on inflammatory bowel disease imply that the microbiota is able to trigger mucosal inflammation. 26”
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The possible role of cytokines in IBS symptom generation has found support in studies showing that cytokines influence epithelial cells, smooth muscle and enteric nerves. 22”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“We have recently shown in a clinical trial that a multispecies probiotic significantly alleviates IBS symptoms, but the mechanisms behind the effects are not known. 10”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Analyses on questionnaire data were performed on the intention-to-treat population using the last-observationcarried-forward method, whereas analyses on faecal samples were performed on 20 subjects, and analysis on serum on the number of samples available ( n = 70).”
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With a power of 80% and at a significance level of 0.05, the difference between the groups would be statistically significant with 47 patients per group. For reasons of recruitment difficulties, 43 subjects per group were finally randomized to the study.”
plainn = 43- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This multispecies probiotic seems to be an effective and safe option to alleviate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, and to stabilize the intestinal microbiota.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study was a 5-month randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group intervention with a preceding 3-week washout period and a 3-week follow-up period.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Analyses on questionnaire data were performed on the intention-to-treat population using the last-observationcarried-forward method, whereas analyses on faecal samples were performed on 20 subjects, and analysis on serum on the number of samples available ( n = 70).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Cytokines, on the other hand, have in several trials shown responses to probiotic supplementation. 21”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [21] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each subject was randomly allocated in the intervention groups according to a computer-generated, blocked randomization list independent of the research group, and with a block size of 4.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The patients, the investigators, the doctor and the study nurse were blinded using randomization codes, which were kept confidential until the end of data analysis.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cytokines were not statistically analysed as such a high percentage of the baseline samples were below the detection limit (IFNc : 64%, TNFa : 100%, IL-2: 89%, IL-4: 79%, IL-6: 64% and IL-10: 99%).”
plainn = 70- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No adjustment was made for multiple testing.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Particularly, IL-10 seems to play an important role in IBS: the IL-10 / IL-12 ratio in PBMCs is lower in subjects with IBS vs . healthy individuals, and this dysregulation can be normalized by a Bifidobacterium . 2”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It should, on the other hand, be kept in mind that only the samples of a subgroup of patients ( n = 20) were analysed for microbiota, and that the relevance of the results should therefore be interpreted with caution.”
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“There is no consensus as to what would constitute a clinically meaningful improvement, but an approximately 50% improvement in the primary end point and a 10-15% improvement in the global outcome measure over placebo has been suggested as clinically significant. 31, 32”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Using plasma samples, an increase in IL-10 by multispecies probiotic supplementation in infants with atopic eczema has been documented. 37”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Taken together, these findings suggest that results on immunological markers are dependent on the study subjects and on the probiotic strain used, and that the level of local, mucosal markers may be of greater importance than that of serum markers in IBS-type low-grade inflammation.”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“According to recent consensus reports, global symptom measures that integrate IBS symptoms into a single numerical index are recommended. 31, 32”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Few randomized-controlled trials on IBS and probiotics have investigated possible modifications of microbiota, and knowledge on the role of microbiota modulation in symptom relief is therefore limited. 6, 34”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This study is among the first probiotic trials on IBS that has integrated the HRQL measure and demonstrated a beneficial effect. Only one earlier trial has shown similar results, 2 whereas a second study with the same strain of Bifidobacterium failed to see an effect on HRQL. 3”
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Interestingly, we saw beneficial effects especially on distension and pain, as this agrees well with the recent findings that certain lactobacilli can induce the expression of pain-sensing receptors in intestinal epithelial cells. 33”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [33] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Moreover, IBS patients appear to be genetically predisposed towards a proinflammatory state. 17, 18”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cytokines were not statistically analysed as such a high percentage of the baseline samples were below the detection limit.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“To date, not much is known about probiotics and CRP, but some strains seem to be able to influence CRP, whereas others have no effect. 37, 39, 40”
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Significant beneficial effects by the probiotic were seen on the severity of IBS symptoms, on quality of life and on the stability of intestinal microbiota, whereas no effects were observed on inflammatory markers.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To conclude, our study provides evidence that a multispecies probiotic at a daily dose of 4.8 · 10 9 bacterial cells is effective in alleviating symptoms of IBS and improving HRQL.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Microbiota composition is tightly interlinked with inflammation. 26”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It should also be taken into account that analysing intestinal microbiota is in general tremendously challenging, as current estimates are that the microbiota comprises more than 1000 bacterial species. 36”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36] source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This multispecies probiotic could thus be an efficient and safe alternative for alleviating IBS symptoms and stabilizing the intestinal microbiota.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This highlights the advances of the HITChip in investigating a complex ecosystem such as the intestinal microbiota, we were earlier unable to detect changes in the predominant microbiota of IBS patients on multispecies probiotic supplementation by applying real-time PCR. 34”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] source
plainn = 20- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The mechanisms of action behind probiotics in IBS are largely unknown.
“Why certain strains are efficient while others are not is largely unknown, as are the mechanisms of action behind probiotics in IBS.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Not much research has focused on whether alleviation of IBS symptoms by probiotics is associated with microbiota modulation.
“However, not much research has been focused on whether alleviation of IBS symptoms by probiotics is associated with microbiota modulation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
No earlier report has described an overall stabilization of global microbiota composition by probiotics.
“Probiotics are considered to balance the microbiota, but an overall stabilization of the global microbiota composition has, to our knowledge, not been reported earlier.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Human gut diversity description is ongoing, so future phylogenetic studies will find new phylotypes absent from the current HITChip.
“However, the description of the human gastrointestinal tract diversity is an ongoing process, and thus each new phylogenetic study will reveal a number of new bacterial phylotypes that are not included on the current version of the HITChip.”
The paper relies on this without support.
PBMC cytokine release analysis is more common and seems more sensitive than blood cytokine measurement.
“It is more common to analyse the cytokine release from PBMCs than to measure blood values, and it appears that this approach is more sensitive.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Probiotics tested to date do not help reduce flatus in patients with IBS Low [147,149-150,156,168,174-175, 178-179,184]”
From Gut microbiota role in irritable bowel syndrome: New therapeutic strategies (2016) · cites this paper as [179]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“all three studies that examined flatus as a primary end point,30,57 and four of seven studies in which flatus was a secondary end point only,28–38 showed no significant difference between seven specific probiotic treatments and control.”
From Systematic review: probiotics in the management of lower gastrointestinal symptoms in clinical practice - an evidence-based international guide (2013) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“Twelve studies evaluated abdominal pain as a secondary end point only. Results from these studies were mixed: one reported a negative effect of the specific probiotic treatment,59 eight (examining six different probiotics) reported no significant effect28–38 and three reported a significant beneficial effect of three different probiotics35,39”
From Systematic review: probiotics in the management of lower gastrointestinal symptoms in clinical practice - an evidence-based international guide (2013) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“Two studies reported no difference between specific probiotic treatments and placebo,28–37 and one study reported a significant worsening of diarrhoea with the specific probiotic treatment compared with placebo.59”
From Systematic review: probiotics in the management of lower gastrointestinal symptoms in clinical practice - an evidence-based international guide (2013) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“Most of the products provided daily doses in the range of 5-9 • 10 9 cfu and, in most cases, reductions in symptom severity score were observed [17][18][19][20][21] and some, but not all, of the products significantly reduced abdominal pain symptoms.”
From Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study (2009) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“However, it has been suggested that probiotics might reshape the intestinal ecosystem generating an ecological milieu that is unfavorable for the growth of harmful species by increasing the number of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria [199] that will stabilize the intestinal microbiota [174,179] .”
From Gut microbiota role in irritable bowel syndrome: New therapeutic strategies (2016) · cites this paper as [179]
In the citing paper
“Probiotics tested to date do not reduce diarrhea in patients with IBS Very low [174,179,181-183,185,187]”
From Gut microbiota role in irritable bowel syndrome: New therapeutic strategies (2016) · cites this paper as [179]
In the citing paper
“With specific probiotics, improvement of symptoms has been shown to lead to improvement in some aspects of health-related quality of life Moderate [147,150,152,155,169-170,174,176-177,179-180,183-184,186]”
From Gut microbiota role in irritable bowel syndrome: New therapeutic strategies (2016) · cites this paper as [179]
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Metadata
- Authors
- KAJANDER, K., MYLLYLUOMA, E., RAJILIĆ‐STOJANOVIĆ, M., KYRÖNPALO, S., RASMUSSEN, M., JÄRVENPÄÄ, S., ZOETENDAL, E. G., DE VOS, W. M., VAPAATALO, H., & KORPELA, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Corresponding author
- KORPELA, R.
- Venue
- Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-10-06
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 48-57
- ISSN
- 0269-2813 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2036
- OpenAlex
- W1654600679
- Semantic Scholar
- 081e98f54f94d96c879f2c2f956a2d461fe4c98c
- Cited by
- 367
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 24.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TechnoRep (University of Belgrade – Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Valio
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- irritable bowel syndrome, multispecies probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, quality of life, C-reactive protein, serum cytokines, Rome II criteria
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, C-Reactive Protein, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Intestines, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Interleukin-10, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Probiotics, Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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