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The aging of the immune system
Open accessAbstract
An age-related decline in immune functions, referred to as immunosenescence, is partially responsible for the increased prevalence and severity of infectious diseases, and the low efficacy of vaccination in elderly persons. Immunosenescence is characterized by a decrease in cell-mediated immune function as well as by reduced humoral immune responses. Age-dependent defects in T- and B-cell function coexist with age-related changes within the innate immune system. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and consequences of age-associated immune alterations as well as their implications for health in old age.
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“The innate immune response also declines with age.”
From Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age (2015) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“Similarly, ageing macrophages have a decreased respiratory burst.”
From Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age (2015) · cites this paper as [81]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Weiskopf, D., Weinberger, B., & Grubeck-Loebenstein, B.
- Affiliations
- Universität Innsbruck (AT)
- Venue
- Transplant International
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1041-1050
- ISSN
- 0934-0874 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2277
- OpenAlex
- W1981904722
- Cited by
- 908
- References
- 295
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 3.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- epub.oeaw.ac.at
- Licence
- Locations
- Transplant International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon online (Institut für kunst- und musikhistorische Forschungen der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Austrian Biographical Dictionary (Austrian Academy of Sciences) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- immunosenescence, aging, immune system, cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity, T cell function, B cell function, innate immunity
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Antibody Formation, Dendritic Cells, Disease Susceptibility, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Humans, Immune System, Immunity, Cellular, Immunity, Innate, Infections, Macrophages, Neutrophils, Vaccination, Lymphocyte Subsets, Lymphopoiesis, Myelopoiesis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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