Ventral pallidal neurons code incentive motivation: amplification by mesolimbic sensitization and amphetamine
Open accessAbstract
Neurons in ventral pallidum fire to reward and its predictive cues. We tested mesolimbic activation effects on neural reward coding. Rats learned that a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus (CS+1 tone) predicted a second conditioned stimulus (CS+2 feeder click) followed by an unconditioned stimulus (UCS sucrose reward). Some rats were sensitized to amphetamine after training. Electrophysiological activity of ventral pallidal neurons to stimuli was later recorded under the influence of vehicle or acute amphetamine injection. Both sensitization and acute amphetamine increased ventral pallidum firing at CS+2 (population code and rate code). There were no changes at CS+1 and minimal changes to UCS. With a new ‘Profile Analysis’, we show that mesolimbic activation by sensitization/amphetamine incrementally shifted neuronal firing profiles away from prediction signal coding (maximal at CS+1) and toward incentive coding (maximal at CS+2), without changing hedonic impact coding (maximal at UCS). This pattern suggests mesolimbic activation specifically amplifies a motivational transform of CS+ predictive information into incentive salience coded by ventral pallidal neurons. Our results support incentive‐sensitization predictions and suggest why cues temporally proximal to drug presentation may precipitate cue‐triggered relapse in human addicts.
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Dopamine is not the neurotransmitter responsible for pleasure; it instead modulates 'wanting'.
“Although it was long believed that dopamine was the neurotransmitter responsible for pleasure, this has long been disproved, and a large body of evidence suggests that it instead modulates ‘wanting’ (Berridge & Valenstein, 1991; Peciña, Cagniard, Berridge, Aldridge, & Zhuang, 2003; Tindell, Berridge, Zhang, Peciña, & Aldridge, 2005; Wyvell & Berridge, 2000).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Tindell, Berridge, Zhang, Peciña, & Aldridge, 2005
In animal studies, sensitization increases neuronal firing in VTA-accumbens-pallidal pathways that code incentive salience as well as the behavioral ability of reward cues to trigger frenzied bursts of effort to obtain the reward.
“For example, in animal studies, sensitization increases neuronal firing in VTA–accumbens–pallidal pathways that code incentive salience as well as the behavioral ability of reward cues to trigger frenzied bursts of effort to obtain the reward (Peciña & Berridge, 2013; Tindell et al., 2005; Wyvell & Berridge, 2001).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Tindell et al., 2005
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- Authors
- Tindell, A. J., Berridge, K. C., Zhang, J., Peciña, S., & Aldridge, J. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aldridge, J. Wayne
- Venue
- European Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2617-2634
- ISSN
- 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9568
- OpenAlex
- W2123749488
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 2.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ns031650-07, DA015188)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-63649, R01MH063649, DA015188)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA017752, DA-017752, DA015188, R01DA015188)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-31650)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- ventral pallidum, incentive motivation, incentive salience, amphetamine, reward coding, classical conditioning, incentive-sensitization theory, relapse, drug addiction, hedonic value
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Amphetamine, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Animals, Conditioning, Classical, Cues, Electrodes, Implanted, Globus Pallidus, Limbic System, Male, Motivation, Motor Activity, Neurons, Reward, Stereotyped Behavior, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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