Putting desire on a budget: dopamine and energy expenditure, reconciling reward and resources

Beeler, Jeff A.; Frazier, Cristianne R. M.; Zhuang, Xiaoxi

doi:10.3389/fnint.2012.00049

Cited by 136Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorRegulation of Appetite and ObesityEating Disorders and Behaviors

Putting desire on a budget: dopamine and energy expenditure, reconciling reward and resources

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Beeler, Jeff A., Frazier, Cristianne R. M., Zhuang, Xiaoxi·2012·Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience

DOI 10.3389/fnint.2012.00049PMC PMC3400936

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Abstract

Accumulating evidence indicates integration of dopamine function with metabolic signals, highlighting a potential role for dopamine in energy balance, frequently construed as modulating reward in response to homeostatic state. Though its precise role remains controversial, the reward perspective of dopamine has dominated investigation of motivational disorders, including obesity. In the hypothesis outlined here, we suggest instead that the primary role of dopamine in behavior is to modulate activity to adapt behavioral energy expenditure to the prevailing environmental energy conditions, with the role of dopamine in reward and motivated behaviors derived from its primary role in energy balance. Dopamine has long been known to modulate activity, exemplified by psychostimulants that act via dopamine. More recently, there has been nascent investigation into the role of dopamine in modulating voluntary activity, with some investigators suggesting that dopamine may serve as a final common pathway that couples energy sensing to regulated voluntary energy expenditure. We suggest that interposed between input from both the internal and external world, dopamine modulates behavioral energy expenditure along two axes: a conserve-expend axis that regulates generalized activity and an explore-exploit axes that regulates the degree to which reward value biases the distribution of activity. In this view, increased dopamine does not promote consumption of tasty food. Instead increased dopamine promotes energy expenditure and exploration while decreased dopamine favors energy conservation and exploitation. This hypothesis provides a mechanistic interpretation to an apparent paradox: the well-established role of dopamine in food seeking and the findings that low dopaminergic functions are associated with obesity. Our hypothesis provides an alternative perspective on the role of dopamine in obesity and reinterprets the "reward deficiency hypothesis" as a perceived energy deficit. We propose that dopamine, by facilitating energy expenditure, should be protective against obesity. We suggest the apparent failure of this protective mechanism in Western societies with high prevalence of obesity arises as a consequence of sedentary lifestyles that thwart energy expenditure.

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Forced cycling studies provide further evidence for exercise effects on neuroplasticity and circuitry involved in automatic motor control.
“Further evidence for exercise effects on neuroplasticity and circuitry involved in automatic motor control is observed in studies utilizing forced cycling 49.”
From Exercise-enhanced neuroplasticity targeting motor and cognitive circuitry in Parkinson's disease (2013) · cites this paper as [49]
Only a few studies have examined the effects of aerobic training alone that incorporate limited or no aspects of skill learning.
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From Exercise-enhanced neuroplasticity targeting motor and cognitive circuitry in Parkinson's disease (2013) · cites this paper as [49]
Preliminary studies of aerobic training alone appear to demonstrate only modest gains in motor skill performance.
“While preliminary, these studies appear to demonstrate only modest gains in motor skill performance.”
From Exercise-enhanced neuroplasticity targeting motor and cognitive circuitry in Parkinson's disease (2013) · cites this paper as [49]

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Authors: Beeler, J. A., Frazier, C. R. M., & Zhuang, X.
Affiliations: University of Chicago (US)
Corresponding author: Beeler, Jeff A.
ORCID: Beeler, Jeff A.
Zhuang, Xiaoxi
Venue: Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2012
Volume: 6
Pages: 49-49
ISSN: 1662-5145 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2012.00049
PMC: PMC3400936
OpenAlex: W2149878007
Cited by: 136
References: 302
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 3.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (F31DA026802, R01DA25875, R01DA025875)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM100768)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R56DK088515)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Keywords: dopamine, energy expenditure, energy balance, reward, obesity, energy conservation, food seeking, sedentary lifestyle, metabolic signals, homeostasis, psychostimulants

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Putting desire on a budget: dopamine and energy expenditure, reconciling reward and resources

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